{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:28:56Z","timestamp":1787020136582,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81971586, 81771897, 82071874, 81901712 and 81771887"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971586, 81771897, 82071874, 81901712 and 81771887"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Science and Technology Program","award":["2020YFS0050, 2020YJ0029, 2017TD0005, 21ZDYF1967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0050, 2020YJ0029, 2017TD0005, 21ZDYF1967"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["SCU2020D4132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCU2020D4132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Clinical Research Finding of Chinese Society of Cardiovascular Disease (CSC) of 2019","award":["No. HFCSC2019B01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. HFCSC2019B01"]}]},{"name":"\u201c1\u20223\u20225 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University\u201d","award":["ZYGD18019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZYGD18019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare type of cardiomyopathy, and one of its clinical manifestations is arrhythmia. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of LVNC. However, studies are lacking on the use of CMR for LVNC patients with arrhythmia. This study aimed to characterize and compare CMR features and prognosis in LVNC patients with and without arrhythmia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-four LVNC patients diagnosed by CMR were enrolled retrospectively in this study. Clinical data, arrhythmia characteristics, and CMR parameters were collected. Patients were divided into different groups according to the arrhythmia characteristics and CMR manifestations for statistical analysis and comparison. Ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (Vf), ventricular flutter (VFL), III\u00b0 atrioventricular block (III\u00b0 AVB), Wolff\u2013Parkinson\u2013White syndrome (WPW) and ventricular escape (VE) were defined as malignant arrhythmias and benign arrhythmias included premature ventricular contraction, atrial premature beats, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia, supraventricular premature beat, bundle branch block, atrial flutter and sinus tachycardia. The outcome events were defined as a composition event of cardiac death, rehospitalization for heart failure, heart transplantation, and implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-seven LVNC patients (79.76%) mainly presented with arrhythmia, including premature ventricular beat (33 patients [27.73%]), bundle branch block (14 patients [11.77%]), electrocardiogram waveform changes (18 patients [15.13%]), and ventricular tachycardia (11 patients [9.24%]). The cardiac function and structure parameters had no significant difference among the nonarrhythmia group, benign arrhythmia group, and malignant arrhythmia group. However, the presence of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was higher in the malignant arrhythmia group than in the other two groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). At a mean follow-up of 46\u00a0months, cardiac events occurred in twenty-three patients (46.94%). Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in prognosis among the nonarrhythmia, benign, and malignant arrhythmia groups, but the patients with arrhythmia and association with LGE\u2009+\u2009or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)\u2009&lt;\u200930% had a higher risk than patients with LGE- or LVEF\u2009&gt;\u200930% (LGE\u2009+, HR\u2009=\u20094.035, 95% CI 1.475\u201311.035; LVEF\u2009&lt;\u200930%, HR\u2009=\u20098.131, 95% CI 1.805\u201336.636;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In LVNC patients, the types of arrhythmias are numerous and unrepresentative, and arrhythmia is not the prognostic factor. Arrhythmia combined with presence of LGE or LVEF\u2009&lt;\u200930% is associated with poor prognosis in LVNC patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02470-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T08:02:46Z","timestamp":1643788966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparison of cardiovascular magnetic resonance characteristics and clinical prognosis in left ventricular noncompaction patients with and without arrhythmia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zi-qi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-chong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-lai","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-ning","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-kun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2470_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000132478.60674.D0","volume":"109","author":"BC Weiford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weiford BC, Subbarao VD, Mulhern KM. 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The written informed consent was obtained from all participants before they were included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication of the MRI images shown in the manuscript had been obtained from the patient.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25"}}