{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:02:40Z","timestamp":1792497760853,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently a common treatment in high-risk aortic stenosis patients, but the impact of hepatic insufficiency on prognosis after TAVI is debatable and whether TAVI is superior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with hepatic insufficiency is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the effect of abnormal liver function on the outcome and safety after TAVI and whether TAVI is superior to SAVR in patients with hepatic insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception up to 26 November 2021. Studies were eligible if mortality and complications after TAVI in patients with and without hepatic insufficiency, or mortality and complications for TAVI versus SAVR in patients with hepatic insufficiency were reported. The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to evaluate the quality of each study. This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021253423) and was carried out by using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This meta-analysis of 21 studies assessed a total of 222,694 patients. Hepatic insufficiency was associated with higher short-term (in-hospital or 30-day) mortality [OR\u00a0=\u00a01.62, 95% CI (1.18 to 2.21), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.003] and 1\u20132 years mortality [HR\u00a0=\u00a01.64, 95% CI (1.42 to 1.89), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001] after TAVI. Between TAVI and SAVR in patients with hepatic insufficiency, there was a statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality [OR\u00a0=\u00a00.46, 95% CI (0.27 to 0.81), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007], the occurrence rate of blood transfusions [OR\u00a0=\u00a00.29, 95% CI (0.22 to 0.38), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001] and the occurrence rate of acute kidney injury [OR\u00a0=\u00a00.55, 95% CI (0.33 to 0.91), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TAVI patients with hepatic insufficiency may have negative impact both on short-term (in-hospital or 30-day) and 1\u20132-years mortality. For patients with hepatic insufficiency, TAVI could be a better option than SAVR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T10:04:24Z","timestamp":1645610664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical outcomes of patients with hepatic insufficiency undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenkai","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caifei","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wence","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2510_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036866","volume":"138","author":"R Didier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Didier R, Eltchaninoff H, Donzeau-Gouge P, et al. Five-year clinical outcome and valve durability after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in high-risk patients. Circulation. 2018;138:2597\u2013607.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2510_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32220-2","volume":"394","author":"J Lanz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lanz J, Kim WK, Walther T, et al. Safety and efficacy of a self-expanding versus a balloon-expandable bioprosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2019;394:1619\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2510_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1901109","volume":"380","author":"S Vemulapalli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vemulapalli S, Carroll JD, Mack MJ, et al. Procedural volume and outcomes for transcatheter aortic-valve replacement. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:2541\u201350.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2510_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.7108","volume":"321","author":"RR Makkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makkar RR, Yoon SH, Leon MB, et al. Association between transcatheter aortic valve replacement for bicuspid vs tricuspid aortic stenosis and mortality or stroke. JAMA. 2019;321:2193\u2013202.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2510_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26443","volume":"87","author":"YB Liao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liao YB, He ZX, Zhao ZG, et al. The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and transcatheter aortic valve implantation--a systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;87(Suppl 1):570\u20138.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E116-E127","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28102","volume":"94","author":"P Rattanawong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rattanawong P, Kanitsoraphan C, Kewcharoen J, et al. Chronic kidney disease is associated with increased mortality and procedural complications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94:E116\u201327.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-020-01588-y","volume":"35","author":"S Jou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jou S, Patel H, Oglat H, et al. The prevalence and prognostic implications of pre-procedural hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Heart Vessels. 2020;35:1102\u20138.","journal-title":"Heart Vessels"},{"key":"2510_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.11.019","volume":"119","author":"M Yamamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yamamoto M, Shimura T, Kano S, et al. Prognostic value of hypoalbuminemia after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (from the Japanese Multicenter OCEAN-TAVI Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2017;119:770\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"W Ullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ullah W, Sattar Y, Al-Khadra Y, et al. Clinical outcomes of renal and liver transplant patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: analysis of national inpatient sample database. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2021;4:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"2510_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","volume":"6","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000100.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2510_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","volume":"25","author":"A Stang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2510_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, et al. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2510_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","volume":"21","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539\u201358.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2510_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.08.021","volume":"114","author":"N Beohar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beohar N, Zajarias A, Thourani VH, et al. Analysis of early out-of hospital mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation among patients with aortic stenosis successfully discharged from the hospital and alive at 30 days (from the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves Trial). Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:1550\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.10.050","volume":"9","author":"N Beohar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beohar N, Kirtane AJ, Blackstone E, et al. Trends in complications and outcomes of patients undergoing transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement: experience from the PARTNER continued access registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9:355\u201363.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.05.043","volume":"130","author":"P Lantelme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lantelme P, Lacour T, Bisson A, et al. Futility risk model for predicting outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2020;130:100\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2014.10.026","volume":"8","author":"G Schymik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schymik G, Lef\u00e8vre T, Bartorelli AL, et al. European experience with the second-generation edwards SAPIEN XT transcatheter heart valve in patients with severe aortic stenosis: 1-year outcomes from the SOURCE XT registry. J Am Coll Cardiol Interv. 2015;8:657\u201369.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.001545","volume":"124","author":"M Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas M, Schymik G, Walther T, et al. One-year outcomes of cohort 1 in the Edwards SAPIEN Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry: the European registry of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the Edwards SAPIEN valve. Circulation. 2011;124:425\u201333.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2510_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2016.07.001","volume":"102","author":"VH Thourani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thourani VH, Forcillo J, Beohar N, et al. Impact of preoperative chronic kidney disease in 2,531 high-risk and inoperable patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the PARTNER trial. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102:1172\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2510_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezs297","volume":"43","author":"O Wendler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wendler O, Waltherb T, Schroefelc H, et al. Transapical aortic valve implantation: mid-term outcome from the SOURCE registry. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg. 2013;43:505\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2510_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"96","author":"A Elbadawi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elbadawi A, Elgendy IY, Mentias A, et al. Outcomes of urgent versus nonurgent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;96:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28563","volume":"96","author":"C Krittanawon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krittanawon C, Kumar A, Wang Z, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96:189\u201395.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005727","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005727","volume":"11","author":"G Tirado-Conte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tirado-Conte G, Rod\u00e9s-Cabau J, Rodr\u00edguez-Olivares R, et al. Clinical outcomes and prognosis markers of patients with liver disease undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a propensity score-matched analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;11:e005727.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.12.031","volume":"143","author":"W Ullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ullah W, Zahid S, Hamzeh I, et al. Trends and predictors of transcatheter aortic valve implantation related in-hospital mortality (from the national inpatient sample database). Am J Cardiol. 2021;143:97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2017.02.075","volume":"104","author":"D Wendt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wendt D, Kahlert P, Canbay A, et al. Impact of liver indicators on clinical outcome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104:1357\u201364.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2510_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.04.013","volume":"122","author":"AS Yassin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yassin AS, Subahi A, Abubakar H, et al. Outcomes and effects of hepatic cirrhosis in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Am J Cardiol. 2018;122:455\u201360.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR27","first-page":"E1044","volume":"98","author":"DU Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee DU, Han J, Fan GH, et al. The clinical impact of chronic liver disease in patients undergoing transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement: systematic analysis of the 2011\u20132017 US hospital database. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;98:E1044\u201357.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.06.067","volume":"120","author":"F Alqahtani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alqahtani F, Aljohani S, Ghabra A, et al. Outcomes of transcatheter vs. surgical aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:1193\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27232","volume":"91","author":"A Dhoble","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dhoble A, Bhise V, Nevah MI, et al. Outcomes and readmissions after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with cirrhosis: a propensity matched analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;91:90\u20136.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.12177","volume":"28","author":"KL Greason","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greason KL, Mathew V, Wiesner RH, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with cirrhosis. J Card Surg. 2013;28:492\u20135.","journal-title":"J Card Surg"},{"key":"2510_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28834","volume":"96","author":"MZ Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan MZ, Khan MU, Munir MB, et al. Contemporary trends and outcomes in aortic valve replacement in patients with end-stage liver disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96:947\u201355.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31193","volume":"72","author":"TB Peeraphatdit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peeraphatdit TB, Nkomo VT, Naksuk N, et al. Long-term outcomes after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with cirrhosis: a guide for the hepatologist. Hepatology. 2020;72:1735\u201346.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2510_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.28319","volume":"95","author":"PC Seppelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seppelt PC, Zappel J, Weiler H, et al. Aortic valve replacement in patients with preexisting liver disease: transfemoral approach with favorable survival. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;95:54\u201364.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.26345","volume":"87","author":"B Thakkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thakkar B, Patel A, Mohamad B, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with cirrhosis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;87:955\u201362.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"2510_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu074","volume":"5","author":"GG Stefanini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stefanini GG, Stortecky S, Cao D, et al. Coronary artery disease severity and aortic stenosis: clinical outcomes according to SYNTAX score in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Eur Heart J. 2014;5:2530\u201340.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2510_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.03.014","volume":"65","author":"HG Thyregod","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thyregod HG, Steinbr\u00fcchel DA, Ihlemann N, et al. Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: 1-year results from the all-comers NOTION randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:2184\u201394.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2510_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy699","volume":"40","author":"R Bekeredjian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bekeredjian R, Szabo G, Balaban U, et al. Patients at low surgical risk as defined by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Score undergoing isolated interventional or surgical aortic valve implantation: in-hospital data and 1-year results from the German Aortic Valve Registry (GARY). Eur Heart J. 2019;40:1323\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2510_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz275","volume":"40","author":"GC Siontis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siontis GC, Overtchouk P, Cahill TJ, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation vs. surgical aortic valve replacement for treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: an updated meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:3143\u201353.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T10:07:31Z","timestamp":1645610851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2510"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02510-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}