{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T03:54:17Z","timestamp":1769831657773,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Obesity is a well-known modified risk factor for isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), but evidence is lacking regarding whether the combination of anthropometric and lipid indicators could strengthen their correlation with ISH. Therefore, we compared the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product index (LAP), and cardiometabolic index (CMI) with ISH.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 106,248 adults who received routine health screening and did not have diastolic blood pressure\u2009\u2265\u200990\u00a0mmHg were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The associations between these indicators and ISH were evaluated using multivariate regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Each standard deviation (SD) increase in traditional obesity indicators (especially WHR and WHtR) had significantly higher multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) than each SD increase in lipid-related obesity indicators. In addition, multivariate-adjusted ORs for ISH in the third (vs. the first) tertile of traditional obesity indicators were also significantly higher than those of lipid-related indicators. Moreover, traditional obesity indicators exhibited a higher area under the ROC curve for discriminating ISH than lipid-related obesity indicators.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Traditional obesity indicators were more strongly associated with ISH than lipid-related obesity indicators among Chinese adults.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T22:03:52Z","timestamp":1647900232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative analysis of the association between traditional and lipid-related obesity indicators and isolated systolic hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jian Dong","family":"Qian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong Shui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian Qin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2564_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc","volume":"31","author":"G Mancia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH\/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens. 2013;31(7):1281\u2013357.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"5","key":"2564_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1161\/01.hyp.35.5.1021","volume":"35","author":"JL Izzo Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Izzo JL Jr, Levy D, Black HR. Clinical advisory statement. Importance of systolic blood pressure in older Americans. Hypertension. 2000;35(5):1021\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.hyp.35.5.1021.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000165310.84801.e0","volume":"46","author":"CM McEniery","year":"2005","unstructured":"McEniery CM, Yasmin, Wallace S, et al. Increased stroke volume and aortic stiffness contribute to isolated systolic hypertension in young adults. Hypertension. 2005;46(1):221\u20136.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12049","volume":"15","author":"L Landsberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landsberg L, Aronne LJ, Beilin LJ, et al. Obesity-related hypertension: pathogenesis, cardiovascular risk, and treatment: a position paper of The Obesity Society and the American Society of Hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013;15(1):14\u201333.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-017-0240-1","volume":"25","author":"L D'Elia","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Elia L, Strazzullo P. Excess body weight, insulin resistance and isolated systolic hypertension: potential pathophysiological links. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2018;25(1):17\u201323.","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2018.0122","volume":"17","author":"C Bala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bala C, Gheorghe-Fronea O, Pop D, et al. The association between six surrogate insulin resistance indexes and hypertension: a population-based study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2019;17(6):328\u201333.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2019.0078","volume":"18","author":"HH Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li HH, Wang JM, Ji YX, et al. Association of visceral adiposity surrogates with impaired fasting glucose in nonobese individuals. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2020;18(3):128\u201333.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"2564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2020.1714639","volume":"42","author":"XZ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu XZ, Chen DS, Di FP, et al. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and stage 1 hypertension defined by the 2017 ACC\/AHA guidelines. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2020;42(6):483\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"2564_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825","volume":"33","author":"MC Amato","year":"2010","unstructured":"Amato MC, Giordano C, Galia M, et al. Visceral adiposity index: a reliable indicator of visceral fat function associated with cardiometabolic risk. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(4):920\u20132.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-26","volume":"5","author":"HS Kahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kahn HS. The \u201clipid accumulation product\u201d performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: a population-based comparison. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2005;5:26.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"2564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.08.042","volume":"438","author":"I Wakabayashi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wakabayashi I, Daimon T. The, \u201ccardiometabolic index\u201d as a new marker determined by adiposity and blood lipids for discrimination of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;438:274\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"4","key":"2564_CR12","first-page":"203","volume":"19","author":"AM \u0160imundi\u0107","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u0160imundi\u0107 AM. Measures of diagnostic accuracy: basic definitions. EJIFCC. 2009;19(4):203\u201311.","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"issue":"6","key":"2564_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000226191.36558.9c","volume":"24","author":"HT Hulsen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hulsen HT, Nijdam ME, Bos WJ, et al. Spurious systolic hypertension in young adults; prevalence of high brachial systolic blood pressure and low central pressure and its determinants. J Hypertens. 2006;24(6):1027\u201332.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-67-1-48","volume":"67","author":"WB Kannel","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Brand N, Skinner JJ Jr, Dawber TR, McNamara PM. The relation of adiposity to blood pressure and development of hypertension. The Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1967;67(1):48\u201359.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2564_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.08.032","volume":"129","author":"C Bavishi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bavishi C, Goel S, Messerli FH. Isolated systolic hypertension: an update after SPRINT. Am J Med. 2016;129(12):1251\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.1.308","volume":"96","author":"SS Franklin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franklin SS, Gustin W 4th, Wong ND, et al. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 1997;96(1):308\u201315.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"2564_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.64.4.760","volume":"64","author":"FH Messerli","year":"1981","unstructured":"Messerli FH, Frohlich ED, Suarez DH, et al. Borderline hypertension: relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating catecholamines. Circulation. 1981;64(4):760\u20134.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.66.1.55","volume":"66","author":"FH Messerli","year":"1982","unstructured":"Messerli FH, Ventura HO, Reisin E, et al. Borderline hypertension and obesity: two prehypertensive states with elevated cardiac output. Circulation. 1982;66(1):55\u201360.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"2564_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.6.820","volume":"103","author":"T Collis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collis T, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, et al. Relations of stroke volume and cardiac output to body composition: the strong heart study. Circulation. 2001;103(6):820\u20135.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"2564_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016801","volume":"133","author":"D Aune","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aune D, Sen A, Norat T, et al. Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and heart failure incidence and mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Circulation. 2016;133(7):639\u201349.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200401000-00024","volume":"22","author":"I Ferreira","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferreira I, Twisk JW, van Mechelen W, Kemper HC, Seidell JC, Stehouwer CD. Current and adolescent body fatness and fat distribution: relationships with carotid intima-media thickness and large artery stiffness at the age of 36 years. J Hypertens. 2004;22(1):145\u201355.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"2564_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.4.757","volume":"81","author":"G de Simone","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Simone G, Devereux RB, Kizer JR, et al. Body composition and fat distribution influence systemic hemodynamics in the absence of obesity: the HyperGEN Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(4):757\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2564_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(99)90277-9","volume":"48","author":"C Tsigos","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tsigos C, Kyrou I, Chala E, et al. Circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations are higher in abdominal versus peripheral obesity. Metabolism. 1999;48(10):1332\u20135.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"2564_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07306","volume":"68","author":"E Seven","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seven E, Thuesen BH, Linneberg A, Jeppesen JL. Abdominal adiposity distribution quantified by ultrasound imaging and incident hypertension in a general population. Hypertension. 2016;68(5):1115\u201322.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"2564_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-018-1849-3","volume":"13","author":"TV Fiorentino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fiorentino TV. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), a powerful predictor of incident hypertension in prehypertensives. Intern Emerg Med. 2018;13(4):471\u20133.","journal-title":"Intern Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2564_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22283","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.22283","volume":"32","author":"N Kavaric","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kavaric N, Klisic A, Ninic A. Are visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product reliable indices for metabolic disturbances in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? J Clin Lab Anal. 2018;32(3):e22283.","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2564_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2018.08.009","volume":"13","author":"EN Adejumo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Adejumo EN, Adejumo AO, Azenabor A, Ekun AO, Enitan SS, Adebola OK, Ogundahunsi OA. Anthropometric parameter that best predict metabolic syndrome in South west Nigeria. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(1):48\u201354.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2564_CR28","first-page":"643","volume":"11","author":"D Pasanta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pasanta D, Htun KT, Pan J, Tungjai M, Kaewjaeng S, Chancharunee S, Tima S, Kim HJ, K\u00e6wkhao J, Kothan S. Waist circumference and BMI are strongly correlated with MRI-derived fat compartments in young adults. Life (Basel). 2021;11(7):643.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2564_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114112","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114112","volume":"9","author":"S Borruel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borruel S, Molt\u00f3 JF, Alpa\u00f1\u00e9s M, Fern\u00e1ndez-Dur\u00e1n E, \u00c1lvarez-Blasco F, Luque-Ram\u00edrez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Surrogate markers of visceral adiposity in young adults: waist circumference and body mass index are more accurate than waist hip ratio, model of adipose distribution and visceral adiposity index. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(12):e114112.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]],"date-time":"2022-03-21T22:03:59Z","timestamp":1647900239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2"}},"subtitle":["Association of obesity indicators with ISH"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-022-02564-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed according to the convention of the Declaration of Helsinki, 1964. The research protocol was approved by the ethics committee or review committee of the Jingjiang People's Hospital. Because the study was a retrospective study based on real-world situations, the need to obtain informed consent from eligible patients was waived by the ethics committee of Jingjiang People's Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"119"}}