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However, it is not clear whether transplantation of BMSCs can improve cardiac function of the X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy Mice (mdx) and how to detect it. We aimed to investigate the role of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in detecting cardiac function of the BMSCs-transplanted mdx in comparison with the untreated mdx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experimental mice were divided into the BMSCs-transplanted mdx, untreated mdx, and control mice groups (n\u2009=\u20096 per group). The BMSCs were transplanted via tail vein injections into a subset of mdx at 20 weeks of age. After four weeks, the cardiac functional parameters of all the mice in the 3 groups were analyzed by echocardiography. Then, all the mice were sacrificed, and the cardiac tissues were harvested and analyzed by immunofluorescence. The serum biochemical parameters were also analyzed to determine the beneficial effects of BMSCs transplantation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Traditional echocardiography parameters did not show statistically significant differences after BMSCs transplantation for the three groups of mice. In comparison with the control group, mdx showed significantly lower left ventricular (LV) STE parameters in both the long-axis and short-axis LV images (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). However, BMSCs-transplanted mdx showed improvements in several STE parameters including significant increases in a few STE parameters (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Immunofluorescence staining of the myocardium tissues showed statistically significant differences between the mdx and the control mice (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), and the mdx transplanted with BMSCs demonstrated significantly improvement compared with the untreated mdx (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrated that the early reduction in the LV systolic and diastolic function in the mdx were accurately detected by STE. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that the transplantation of BMSCs significantly improved myocardial function in the mdx.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02886-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]],"date-time":"2022-11-03T14:08:37Z","timestamp":1667484517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography demonstrates improved myocardial function after intravenous infusion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem in the X-Linked muscular dystrophy mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Shentu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongkui","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2886_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23528","volume":"71","author":"JR Mendell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendell JR, Shilling C, Leslie ND, Flanigan KM, al-Dahhak R, Gastier-Foster J, et al. 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All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (\n                      \n                      ) for the reporting of animal experiments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"461"}}