{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T22:32:23Z","timestamp":1790375543405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR), it remains under-utilized, particularly by women. This study compared CR barriers between non-enrolling men and women in Iran, which has among the lowest gender equality globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, CR barriers were assessed via phone interview in phase II non-attenders from March 2017 to February 2018 with the Persian version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-P). T-tests were used to compare scores, with each of 18 barriers scored out of 5, between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>357 (33.9%) of the sample of 1053 were women, and they were older, less educated and less often employed than men. Total mean CRBS scores were significantly greater in women (2.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.37) than men (2.29\u2009\u00b1\u20090.35; effect size[ES]\u2009=\u20090.08, confidence interval[CI]: 0.03\u20130.13; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The top CR barriers among women were cost (3.35; ES\u2009=\u20090.40, CI:0.23\u20130.56; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), transportation problems (3.24; ES\u2009=\u20090.41, CI:0.25\u20130.58; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), distance (3.21; ES\u2009=\u20090.31, CI:0.15\u20130.48; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), comorbidities (2.97; ES\u2009=\u20090.49, CI:0.34\u20130.64; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), low energy (2.41; ES\u2009=\u20090.29, CI:0.18\u20130.41; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), finding exercise as tiring or painful (2.22; ES\u2009=\u20090.11, CI:0.02\u20130.21; P\u2009=\u20090.018), and older age (2.27; ES\u2009=\u20090.18, CI:0.07\u20130.28; P\u2009=\u20090.001). Men rated \u201calready exercise at home or in community\u201d (2.69; ES\u2009=\u20090.23, CI:0.1\u20130.36; P\u2009=\u20090.001), time constraints (2.18; ES\u2009=\u20090.15, CI:0.07\u20130.23; P\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and work responsibilities (2.24; ES\u2009=\u20090.16, CI:0.07\u20130.25; P\u2009=\u20090.001) as greater CR barriers than women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women had greater barriers to CR participation than men. CR programs should be modified to address women\u2019s needs. Home-based CR tailored to women\u2019s exercise needs and preferences should be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03331-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T12:02:32Z","timestamp":1688040152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sex differences in cardiac rehabilitation barriers among non-enrollees in the context of lower gender equality: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mahdieh Ghanbari","family":"Firoozabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masoud","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry L","family":"Grace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Vafaeinasab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Dehghani-Tafti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zohre","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Basirinezhad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"3331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.009","volume":"74","author":"GA Mensah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mensah GA, Roth GA, Fuster V. 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Informed consent was obtained from all study participants or their legally-acceptable representative where applicable. All the study procedures were conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"329"}}