{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T21:09:11Z","timestamp":1782335351756,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common form of acquired heart disease worldwide. In RHD, volume loading from mitral regurgitation leads to left ventricular (LV) dilatation, increased wall stress, and ultimately LV dysfunction. Improved understanding of LV dynamics may contribute to refined timing of intervention. We aimed to characterize and compare left ventricular remodelling between rheumatic heart disease (RHD) severity groups by way of serial echocardiographic assessment of volumes and function in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with RHD referred to Perth Children\u2019s Hospital (formally Princess Margaret Hospital) (1987\u20132020) were reviewed. Patients with longitudinal pre-operative echocardiograms at diagnosis, approximately 12 months and at most recent follow-up, were included and stratified into RHD severity groups. Left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Adjusted linear mixed effect models were used to compare interval changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      146 patients (median age 10 years, IQR 6\u201314 years) with available longitudinal echocardiograms were analysed. Eighty-five (58.2%) patients had mild, 33 (22.6%) moderate and 28 (19.2%) severe RHD at diagnosis. Mean duration of follow-up was 4.6 years from the initial diagnosis. Severe RHD patients had significantly increased end-systolic volumes (ESV) and end-diastolic volumes (EDV) compared to mild\/moderate groups at diagnosis (severe versus mild EDV mean difference 27.05 ml\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, severe versus moderate EDV mean difference 14.95 ml\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p\u2009=\u20090.006). Mild and moderate groups experienced no significant progression of changes in volume measures. In severe RHD, LV dilatation worsened over time. All groups had preserved cardiac function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In mild and moderate RHD, the lack of progression of valvular regurgitation and ventricular dimensions suggest a stable longer-term course. Significant LV remodelling occurred at baseline in severe RHD with progression of LV dilatation over time. LV function was preserved across all groups. Our findings may guide clinicians in deciding the frequency and timing of follow-up and may be of clinical utility during further reiterations of the Australia and New Zealand RHD Guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T06:03:27Z","timestamp":1694757807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Left ventricular remodelling in rheumatic heart disease \u2013 trends over time and implications for follow-up in childhood"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bradley","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Tarca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Causer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Maslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schreiber-Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charley","family":"Budgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Katzenellenbogen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha C.","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Carapetis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark K.","family":"Friedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deane","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"3497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eisenberg MJ. Rheumatic heart disease in the developing world: prevalence, prevention, and control. Eur Heart J [Internet]. 1993 [cited 2020 Dec 2];14(1):122\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.1.122","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/14.1.122"},{"key":"3497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seckeler MD, Hoke TR. The worldwide epidemiology of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Clin Epidemiol [Internet]. 2011;3:67\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/clep.S12977","DOI":"10.2147\/clep.S12977"},{"key":"3497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rem\u00e9nyi B, Wilson N, Steer A, Ferreira B, Kado J, Kumar K et al. World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease\u2013an evidence-based guideline. Nat Rev Cardiol [Internet]. 2012;9(5):297\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7"},{"key":"3497_CR4","unstructured":"RHDAustralia, (ARF\/RHD writing group). The 2020 Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. 2020.;(3rd ed.)."},{"key":"3497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Finucane K, Wilson N. Priorities in cardiac surgery for rheumatic heart disease. Glob Heart [Internet]. 2013;8(3):213\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.08.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gheart.2013.08.010"},{"key":"3497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tarca AJ, Causer LE, Maslin KL, Ramsay JM, Andrews DR, MacDonald BR et al. Impact of mitral regurgitation on left ventricular remodeling and function in children with rheumatic heart disease [Internet]. The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10554-022-02678-w","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-022-02678-w"},{"key":"3497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carapetis JR, Beaton A, Cunningham MW, Guilherme L, Karthikeyan G, Mayosi BM et al. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Nature Reviews Disease Primers [Internet]. 2016;2(1):15084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.84"},{"key":"3497_CR8","unstructured":"Australian Government: The Department of Health. 2.3 Accessibility Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA) Remoteness Area (RA) [Internet]. The Department of Health. 2011 [cited 2021 Aug 8]. Available from: https:\/\/www1.health.gov.au\/internet\/publications\/publishing.nsf\/Content\/ARIA-ReviewReport-2011~ARIA-Review-Report-2011-2~ARIA-Review-Report-2011-2-2-3."},{"key":"3497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell C, Rahko PS, Blauwet LA, Canaday B, Finstuen JA, Foster MC et al. Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in Adults: Recommendations from the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr [Internet]. 2019;32(1):1\u201364. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0894731718303183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2018.06.004"},{"key":"3497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Colan SD. Normal Echocardiographic Values for Cardiovascular Structures. In: Echocardiography in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease [Internet]. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016. p.\u00a0883\u2013901. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118742440.app1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118742440.app1"},{"key":"3497_CR11","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria [Internet]. 2021; Available from: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"3497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katzenellenbogen JM, Bond-Smith D, Seth RJ, Dempsey K, Cannon J, Stacey I et al. Contemporary Incidence and Prevalence of Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease in Australia Using Linked Data: The Case for Policy Change. J Am Heart Assoc [Internet]. 2020;9(19):e016851. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.120.016851","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016851"},{"key":"3497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Engelman D, Wheaton GR, Mataika RL, Kado JH, Colquhoun SM, Remenyi B et al. Screening-detected rheumatic heart disease can progress to severe disease. Heart Asia [Internet]. 2016;8(2):67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010847","DOI":"10.1136\/heartasia-2016-010847"},{"key":"3497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lawrence JG, Carapetis JR, Griffiths K, Edwards K, Condon JR. Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: incidence and progression in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1997 to 2010. Circulation [Internet]. 2013;128(5):492\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.001477"},{"key":"3497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gaasch WH, Meyer TE. Left ventricular response to mitral regurgitation: implications for management. Circulation [Internet]. 2008;118(22):2298\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942"},{"key":"3497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russell EA, Tran L, Baker RA, Bennetts JS, Brown A, Reid CM et al. A review of outcome following valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease in Australia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord [Internet]. 2015;15:103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-015-0094-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0094-1"},{"key":"3497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russell EA, Tran L, Baker RA, Bennetts JS, Brown A, Reid CM et al. A review of valve surgery for rheumatic heart disease in Australia. BMC Cardiovasc Disord [Internet]. 2014;14:134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2261-14-134","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-14-134"},{"key":"3497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenhek R, Rader F, Klaar U, Gabriel H, Krejc M, Kalbeck D, Outcome of watchful waiting in asymptomatic severe mitral regurgitation. Circulation [Internet]., Gaasch WH, Meyer TE et al. Left ventricular response to mitral regurgitation: implications for management. Circulation. 2008 Nov 25;118(22):2298\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.755942"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T13:11:19Z","timestamp":1700572279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-023-03497-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3060584\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics and waiver of consent was approved by the Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (PRN: RGS0000003471). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by a named institutional and\/or licensing committee. A waiver of consent was obtained for all subjects as per the overseeing Child and Adolescent Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"462"}}