{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:33:44Z","timestamp":1792154024522,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82100288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82100288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Doctoral Research Fund","award":["CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0023"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Innovation Support Program for Returned Overseas Scholars","award":["cx2020010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cx2020010"]}]},{"name":"Young Doctoral Talent Program","award":["2022YQB009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YQB009"]}]},{"name":"Chongqing Talent Program","award":["CQYC201903087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CQYC201903087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protective effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the cardiovascular system has been reported, however, whether it can promote early recovery of cardiac function and alleviate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) remains to be elucidated. Whether CoQ10 may regulate the macrophage-mediated pro-inflammatory response after MI and its potential mechanism are worth further exploration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To determine the baseline plasma levels of CoQ10 by LC-MS\/MS, healthy controls and MI patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911 each) with age- and gender-matched were randomly enrolled. Additional MI patients were consecutively enrolled and randomized into the blank control (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200959) or CoQ10 group (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200961). Follow-ups were performed at 1- and 3-month to assess cardiac function after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In the animal study, mice were orally administered CoQ10\/vehicle daily and were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation or sham operation. Echocardiography and serum BNP measured by ELISA were analyzed to evaluate cardiac function. Masson staining and WGA staining were performed to analyze the myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess the infiltration of IL1\u03b2\/ROS-positive macrophages into the ischemic myocardium. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the recruitment of myeloid immune cells to the ischemic myocardium post-MI. The expression of inflammatory indicators was assessed through RNA-seq, qPCR, and western blotting (WB).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared to controls, MI patients showed a plasma deficiency of CoQ10 (0.76\u2009\u00b1\u20090.31 vs. 0.46\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u00a0\u00b5g\/ml). CoQ10 supplementation significantly promoted the recovery of cardiac function in MI patients at 1 and 3 months after PCI. In mice study, compared to vehicle-treated MI mice, CoQ10-treated MI mice showed a favorable trend in survival rate (42.85% vs. 61.90%), as well as significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac hypertrophy. Notably, CoQ10 administration significantly suppressed the recruitment of pro-inflammatory CCR2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages into infarct myocardium and their mediated inflammatory response, partially by attenuating the activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)\/Interleukin-1 beta (IL1\u03b2) signaling pathway.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that CoQ10 can significantly promote early recovery of cardiac function after MI. CoQ10 may function by inhibiting the recruitment of CCR2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      macrophages and suppressing the activation of the NLRP3\/IL1\u03b2 pathway in macrophages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Date of registration 09\/04\/2021 (number: ChiCTR2100045256).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1706418127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Coenzyme Q10 mitigates macrophage mediated inflammation in heart following myocardial infarction via the NLRP3\/IL1\u03b2 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wenxu","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiquan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiling","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoshan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingle","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"25","key":"3729_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","volume":"76","author":"GA Roth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular diseases and Risk factors, 1990\u20132019: Update from the GBD 2019 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982\u20133021.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10065","key":"3729_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30677-8","volume":"389","author":"GW Reed","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reed GW, Rossi JE, Cannon CP. Acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 2017;389(10065):197\u2013210.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3729_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.09.015","volume":"6","author":"MC Bahit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bahit MC, Kochar A, Granger CB. Post-myocardial infarction heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6(3):179\u201386.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"3729_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13144","volume":"8","author":"D Jen\u010da","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jen\u010da D, Melenovsk\u00fd V, Stehlik J, et al. Heart failure after myocardial infarction: incidence and predictors. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8(1):222\u201337.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"3729_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.10.007","volume":"3","author":"L Desta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Desta L, Jernberg T, L\u00f6fman I, et al. Incidence, temporal trends, and prognostic impact of heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. The SWEDEHEART Registry (Swedish web-system for enhancement and development of evidence-based care in Heart Disease evaluated according to recommended therapies): a study of 199,851 patients admitted with index acute myocardial infarctions, 1996 to 2008. JACC Heart Fail. 2015;3(3):234\u201342.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"11","key":"3729_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv453","volume":"37","author":"M Nahrendorf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nahrendorf M, Swirski FK. Innate immune cells in ischaemic heart disease: does myocardial infarction beget myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(11):868\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"3729_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.314028","volume":"124","author":"G Bajpai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bajpai G, Bredemeyer A, Li W, et al. Tissue Resident CCR2- and CCR2\u2009+\u2009Cardiac macrophages differentially orchestrate Monocyte Recruitment and Fate Specification following myocardial Injury. Circ Res. 2019;124(2):263\u201378.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3729_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minutoli L, Puzzolo D, Rinaldi M et al. ROS-Mediated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Brain, Heart, Kidney, and Testis Ischemia\/Reperfusion Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016. 2016: 2183026.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2183026"},{"key":"3729_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.025","volume":"60","author":"J Jabaut","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jabaut J, Ather JL, Taracanova A, Poynter ME, Ckless K. Mitochondria-targeted drugs enhance Nlrp3 inflammasome-dependent IL-1\u03b2 secretion in association with alterations in cellular redox and energy status. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;60:233\u201345.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"10\u201312","key":"3729_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2020.8257","volume":"36","author":"A Dominic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dominic A, Le NT, Takahashi M. Loop between NLRP3 inflammasome and reactive oxygen species. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2022;36(10\u201312):784\u201396.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"26","key":"3729_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388","volume":"381","author":"JC Tardif","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tardif JC, Kouz S, Waters DD, et al. Efficacy and safety of low-dose colchicine after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2497\u2013505.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"3729_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021372","volume":"383","author":"SM Nidorf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nidorf SM, Fiolet A, Mosterd A, et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1838\u201347.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3729_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","volume":"377","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, et al. Antiinflammatory therapy with Canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1119\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3729_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa211","volume":"117","author":"L Liberale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liberale L, Montecucco F, Schwarz L, L\u00fcscher TF, Camici GG. Inflammation and cardiovascular diseases: lessons from seminal clinical trials. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(2):411\u201322.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"25","key":"3729_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.082","volume":"72","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ridker PM. Clinician\u2019s guide to reducing inflammation to reduce atherothrombotic risk: JACC Review topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(25):3320\u201331.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"3729_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194605","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1194605","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Liu Y, Zeng R, Qiu W, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Early long-term low-dosage colchicine and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1194605.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"3729_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martelli A, Testai L, Colletti A, Cicero A. Coenzyme Q(10): clinical applications in Cardiovascular diseases. Antioxid (Basel). 2020. 9(4).","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040341"},{"key":"3729_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barcelos IP, Haas RH. CoQ10 and Aging. Biology (Basel). 2019. 8(2).","DOI":"10.3390\/biology8020028"},{"issue":"8 Suppl","key":"3729_CR19","first-page":"60","volume":"71","author":"L Ernster","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ernster L, Forsmark-Andr\u00e9e P. Ubiquinol: an endogenous antioxidant in aerobic organisms. Clin Investig. 1993;71(8 Suppl):60\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"3729_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2007.02.006","volume":"7","author":"M Bentinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bentinger M, Brismar K, Dallner G. The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q. Mitochondrion. 2007;7(Suppl):S41\u201350.","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"issue":"22","key":"3729_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8928","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8928","volume":"87","author":"RA Willis","year":"1990","unstructured":"Willis RA, Folkers K, Tucker JL, Ye CQ, Xia LJ, Tamagawa H. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87(22):8928\u201330.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"22","key":"3729_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8931","volume":"87","author":"K Folkers","year":"1990","unstructured":"Folkers K, Langsjoen P, Willis R, et al. Lovastatin decreases coenzyme Q levels in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87(22):8931\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"3729_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2014.06.008","volume":"2","author":"SA Mortensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mortensen SA, Rosenfeldt F, Kumar A, et al. The effect of coenzyme Q10 on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure: results from Q-SYMBIO: a randomized double-blind trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2014;2(6):641\u20139.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"3729_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0193120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193120","volume":"13","author":"U Alehagen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Alexander J, Johansson P. Still reduced cardiovascular mortality 12 years after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years: a validation of previous 10-year follow-up results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in elderly. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(4):e0193120.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"24","key":"3729_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.09.048","volume":"80","author":"P An","year":"2022","unstructured":"An P, Wan S, Luo Y, et al. Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(24):2269\u201385.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3729_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.009","volume":"77","author":"AE Raizner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raizner AE, Qui\u00f1ones MA. Coenzyme Q(10) for patients with Cardiovascular Disease: JACC Focus Seminar. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(5):609\u201319.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3729_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.10.055","volume":"1175","author":"J Ruiz-Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ruiz-Jim\u00e9nez J, Priego-Capote F, Mata-Granados JM, Quesada JM, Luque de Castro MD. Determination of the ubiquinol-10 and ubiquinone-10 (coenzyme Q10) in human serum by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to evaluate the oxidative stress. J Chromatogr A. 2007;1175(2):242\u20138.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"issue":"8","key":"3729_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.12.037","volume":"71","author":"S Sano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sano S, Oshima K, Wang Y, et al. Tet2-Mediated clonal hematopoiesis accelerates heart failure through a mechanism involving the IL-1\u03b2\/NLRP3 inflammasome. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(8):875\u201386.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3729_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2019.05.013","volume":"4","author":"S Sano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sano S, Wang Y, Yura Y, et al. JAK2 (V617F) -Mediated clonal hematopoiesis accelerates pathological remodeling in Murine Heart failure. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2019;4(6):684\u201397.","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"3729_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038820","volume":"140","author":"Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sano S, Oshima K, et al. Wnt5a-Mediated Neutrophil Recruitment has an obligatory role in pressure overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction. Circulation. 2019;140(6):487\u201399.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3729_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sano S, Yura Y et al. Tet2-mediated clonal hematopoiesis in nonconditioned mice accelerates age-associated cardiac dysfunction. JCI Insight. 2020. 5(6).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135204"},{"key":"3729_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RE, BA, KJ, et al. Tissue coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) and protein concentrations over the life span of the laboratory rat. Mech Ageing Dev. 1985;32(2\u20133):267\u201381.","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(85)90085-5"},{"issue":"11","key":"3729_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3293","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20170689","volume":"214","author":"A Anzai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anzai A, Choi JL, He S, et al. The infarcted myocardium solicits GM-CSF for the detrimental oversupply of inflammatory leukocytes. J Exp Med. 2017;214(11):3293\u2013310.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"3729_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0059-x","volume":"24","author":"G Bajpai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bajpai G, Schneider C, Wong N, et al. The human heart contains distinct macrophage subsets with divergent origins and functions. Nat Med. 2018;24(8):1234\u201345.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3729_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2017.12.006","volume":"3","author":"B Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel B, Bansal SS, Ismahil MA, et al. CCR2(+) monocyte-derived infiltrating macrophages are required for adverse cardiac remodeling during pressure overload. JACC Basic Transl Sci. 2018;3(2):230\u201344.","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"3729_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00740-6","volume":"18","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou R. NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(9):2114\u201327.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3729_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","volume":"21","author":"YH Youm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Youm YH, Nguyen KY, Grant RW, et al. The ketone metabolite \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease. Nat Med. 2015;21(3):263\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3729_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(1):27\u201330.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3729_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3715","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanehisa M. Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms. Protein Sci. 2019;28(11):1947\u201351.","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"issue":"D1","key":"3729_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D587","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac963","volume":"51","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Furumichi M, Sato Y, Kawashima M, Ishiguro-Watanabe M. KEGG for taxonomy-based analysis of pathways and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D587\u201392.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"3729_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315937","volume":"126","author":"A Abbate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbate A, Toldo S, Marchetti C, Kron J, Van Tassell BW, Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and the Inflammasome as therapeutic targets in Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res. 2020;126(9):1260\u201380.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3729_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.161","volume":"15","author":"S Toldo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toldo S, Abbate A. The NLRP3 inflammasome in acute myocardial infarction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15(4):203\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3729_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.09.002","volume":"41","author":"Y He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He Y, Hara H, N\u00fa\u00f1ez G. Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41(12):1012\u201321.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3729_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","volume":"10","author":"F Martinon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta. Mol Cell. 2002;10(2):417\u201326.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3729_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa252","volume":"67","author":"RC Hoogeveen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM. Residual Cardiovascular risk at low LDL: remnants, Lipoprotein(a), and inflammation. Clin Chem. 2021;67(1):143\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"3729_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007764616025","volume":"12","author":"RB Singh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Singh RB, Wander GS, Rastogi A, et al. Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1998;12(4):347\u201353.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3729_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023408031111","volume":"246","author":"RB Singh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singh RB, Neki NS, Kartikey K, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on risk of atherosclerosis in patients with recent myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem. 2003;246(1\u20132):75\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"3729_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02535072","volume":"24","author":"A Kal\u00e9n","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kal\u00e9n A, Appelkvist EL, Dallner G. Age-related changes in the lipid compositions of rat and human tissues. Lipids. 1989;24(7):579\u201384.","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"issue":"3","key":"3729_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.3.901","volume":"82","author":"K Folkers","year":"1985","unstructured":"Folkers K, Vadhanavikit S, Mortensen SA. Biochemical rationale and myocardial tissue data on the effective therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82(3):901\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"3729_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-018-0065-8","volume":"18","author":"FK Swirski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swirski FK, Nahrendorf M. Cardioimmunology: the immune system in cardiac homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(12):733\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3729_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.013","volume":"41","author":"S Epelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Epelman S, Lavine KJ, Randolph GJ. Origin and functions of tissue macrophages. Immunity. 2014;41(1):21\u201335.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"3729_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.019","volume":"40","author":"S Epelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Epelman S, Lavine KJ, Beaudin AE, et al. Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation. Immunity. 2014;40(1):91\u2013104.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"3729_CR53","first-page":"612","volume":"13","author":"D Sacks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sacks D, Baxter B, Campbell B, et al. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute ischemic stroke. Int J Stroke. 2018;13(6):612\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"13","key":"3729_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5994","volume":"22","author":"JM Abais","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abais JM, Xia M, Zhang Y, Boini KM, Li PL. Redox regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes: ROS as trigger or effector. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2015;22(13):1111\u201329.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"9","key":"3729_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3047","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701723","volume":"200","author":"EI Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott EI, Miller AN, Banoth B, et al. Cutting Edge: mitochondrial assembly of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Complex is initiated at Priming. J Immunol. 2018;200(9):3047\u201352.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3729_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13309","volume":"162","author":"K Triantafilou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Triantafilou K. Enigmatic inflammasomes. Immunology. 2021;162(3):249\u201351.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"3729_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210426","volume":"76","author":"H Raghu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raghu H, Lepus CM, Wang Q, et al. CCL2\/CCR2, but not CCL5\/CCR5, mediates monocyte recruitment, inflammation and cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(5):914\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04195-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000}}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T15:01:56Z","timestamp":1728140516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3729"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-024-03729-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04195-1","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04195-1","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (2021-041-01), all eligible patients supplied written informed consent, and the study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the Army Medical University approved all the animal procedures. All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines (\n                      \n                      ) for the reporting of animal experiments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"76"}}