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On this background, we performed the Hjertel\u00f8ftet Study and demonstrated that participation over 36 months in a multimodal primary prevention programme, significantly reduced validated cardiovascular risk scores. In the current substudy we aimed to further explore several elements and effects following the intervention programme.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A random sample from the original Hjertel\u00f8ftet Study was included for further examinations (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009255, 40% women), and these patients were already randomized to an intervention group (IG) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009127), or a control group (CG) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009128). We compared changes from baseline to 36-months follow-up in physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological well-being (WHO-5), cardiovascular medication use, smoking habits, and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, HbA1c, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein B and high-sensitive C-reactive protein).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Self-reported physical activity increased significantly with absolute difference in mean delta Physical Activity Index score in the IG compared to the CG: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.10 to 1.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028 (ANCOVA). There were no corresponding differences in cardiorespiratory fitness. The participation resulted in psychological well-being improvement in both groups with a larger increase in the IG compared to the CG. The mean difference in delta WHO-5 score was 5.06, 95% CI: 0.68 to 9.45, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024, and 3.28, 95% CI: -0.69 to 5.25, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.104 when controlled for baseline values (ANCOVA). The use of antihypertensive medication increased significantly more in the CG (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.044). Only minor, nonsignificant changes were observed for traditional risk factors and cardiometabolic variables.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participation in the Hjertel\u00f8ftet Study intervention programme resulted in an improved physical activity level, but without changing cardiorespiratory fitness. Participation in the programme also tended to improve psychological well-being, possibly related to increased physical activity, less smoking and less use of cardiovascular medication. Concerning the metabolic status, no major differences were observed, but minor changes may have been concealed by a larger increase in cardiovascular medication use in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741428), 04\/12\/2012.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03892-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T10:02:19Z","timestamp":1714039339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects on physical activity, physical fitness and well-being in a 36-months randomized controlled study, comparing a multimodal hospital-based intervention programme for primary cardiovascular prevention with usual care"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hilde","family":"Bergum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jostein","family":"Grimsmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigmund Alfred","family":"Anderssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor Ole","family":"Klemsdal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"34","key":"3892_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab484","volume":"42","author":"FLJ Visseren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, B\u00e4ck M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. 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