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We screened out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on \u201c\n limma<\/jats:italic>\n \u201d package with the standard of |log fold change (FC)| \u2265 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR)\u2009<\u20090.05. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed by \u201c\n clusterProfler<\/jats:italic>\n \u201d package. We further applied LASSO to select key DEGs, and intersected key DEGs with immune related genes from ImmPort database. The ROC curve of each DEIRG was constructed to evaluate its diagnostic efficiency for AF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 103 DEGs we were screened out, of them, 48 genes were down-regulated and 55 genes were up-regulated. Result of functional enrichment analysis show that, most of DEGs were related to immune response, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Ultimately,\n CYBB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n RORB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n S100A12<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n CHGB<\/jats:italic>\n were determined as key DEIRGs, each of which displayed a favor efficiency for diagnosing persistent AF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n CYBB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n RORB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n S100A12<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n CHGB<\/jats:italic>\n were identified as key DEIRGs in persistent AF, and future studies are needed to further explore the underlying roles of\n CYBB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n RORB<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n S100A12<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n CHGB<\/jats:italic>\n in persistent AF.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04007-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T05:11:42Z","timestamp":1720415502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of key differentially expressed immune related genes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: an integrated bioinformation analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yijing","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonghui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucien","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"4007_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.09.001","volume":"36","author":"JG Andrade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andrade JG, Aguilar M, Atzema C, et al. 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