{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T21:59:32Z","timestamp":1755035972660,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:43:57Z","timestamp":1727408637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Early initiation of oral beta-blocker improves long-term survival in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0363-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhehao","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Nishihata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin Y.","family":"Urayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)91101-6","volume":"2","author":"A Hjalmarson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hjalmarson A, Elmfeldt D, Herlitz J, Holmberg S, Malek I, Nyberg G, et al. Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind randomised trial. Lancet. 1981;2:823\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4188_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2004.06.002","volume":"25","author":"J Lopez-Sendon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lopez-Sendon J, Swedberg K, McMurray J, Tamargo J, Maggioni AP, Dargie H, et al. Expert consensus document on beta-adrenergic receptor blockers. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1341\u201362.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4188_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","volume":"39","author":"B Ibanez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the Task Force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39:119\u201377.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4188_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320","volume":"37","author":"M Roffi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the management of Acute Coronary syndromes in patients presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:267\u2013315.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4188_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.019","volume":"61","author":"PT O\u2019Gara","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr., Chung MK, de Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF\/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:e78\u2013140.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.017","volume":"64","author":"EA Amsterdam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey DE Jr., Ganiats TG, Holmes DR Jr., et al. 2014 AHA\/ACC Guideline for the management of patients with Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139\u2013228.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa053935","volume":"356","author":"ES Ford","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, Critchley JA, Labarthe DR, Kottke TE, et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980\u20132000. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:2388\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4188_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.17.1892","volume":"297","author":"KA Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox KA, Steg PG, Eagle KA, Goodman SG, Anderson FA Jr., Granger CB, et al. Decline in rates of death and heart failure in acute coronary syndromes, 1999\u20132006. JAMA. 2007;297:1892\u2013900.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4188_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2013.12.206","volume":"7","author":"JH Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang JH, Hahn JY, Song YB, Choi SH, Choi JH, Lee SH, et al. Association of beta-blocker therapy at discharge with clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:592\u2013601.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"4188_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2013-305137","volume":"100","author":"EH Choo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choo EH, Chang K, Ahn Y, Jeon DS, Lee JM, Kim DB, et al. Benefit of beta-blocker treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction and preserved systolic function after percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart. 2014;100:492\u20139.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"4188_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67661-1","volume":"366","author":"ZM Chen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, Peto R, Collins R, Jiang LX, et al. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1622\u201332.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4188_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.422","volume":"83","author":"R Roberts","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roberts R, Rogers WJ, Mueller HS, Lambrew CT, Diver DJ, Smith HC, et al. Immediate versus deferred beta-blockade following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Results of the Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) II-B study. Circulation. 1991;83:422\u201337.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4188_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.03.014","volume":"63","author":"G Pizarro","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Fuster V, Fernandez-Jimenez R, Garcia-Ruiz JM, Garcia-Alvarez A, et al. Long-term benefit of early pre-reperfusion metoprolol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the METOCARD-CNIC trial (effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection during an Acute myocardial infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63:2356\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.522","volume":"67","author":"V Roolvink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP, Pizarro G, van Royen N, Mateos A, et al. Early intravenous Beta-blockers in patients with ST-Segment Elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2705\u201315.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.001","volume":"60","author":"K Thygesen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1581\u201398.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433","volume":"10","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC. Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharm Stat. 2011;10:150\u201361.","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"4188_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19961230)15:24<2797::AID-SIM290>3.0.CO;2-V","volume":"15","author":"M Buyse","year":"1996","unstructured":"Buyse M, Piedbois P. On the relationship between response to treatment and survival time. Stat Med. 1996;15:2797\u2013812.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"4188_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DE Jr., et al. ACC\/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina\/Non\u2013ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina\/Non\u2013ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Developed in Collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50:e1\u2013157.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181940"},{"key":"4188_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.10.001","volume":"51","author":"S Canadian Cardiovascular","year":"2008","unstructured":"Canadian Cardiovascular S, American Academy of Family P, American College of C, American Heart A, Antman EM, Hand M, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC\/AHA 2004 guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:210\u201347.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I11","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.67.1.11","volume":"67","author":"WH Frishman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Frishman WH. Multifactorial actions of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs in ischemic heart disease: current concepts. Circulation. 1983;67:I11\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4188_CR21","first-page":"57","volume":"2","author":"First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group","year":"1986","unstructured":"First International Study of Infarct Survival Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous atenolol among 16 027 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-1. Lancet. 1986;2:57\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4188_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90651-2","volume":"2","author":"RM Norris","year":"1984","unstructured":"Norris RM, Barnaby PF, Brown MA, Geary GG, Clarke ED, Logan RL, et al. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction by intravenous propranolol. Lancet. 1984;2:883\u20136.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4188_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000108928.25690.94","volume":"109","author":"RN Doughty","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doughty RN, Whalley GA, Walsh HA, Gamble GD, Lopez-Sendon J, Sharpe N, et al. Effects of carvedilol on left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction: the CAPRICORN Echo Substudy. Circulation. 2004;109:201\u20136.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4188_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.6.813","volume":"103","author":"J Galcera-Tomas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Galcera-Tomas J, Castillo-Soria FJ, Villegas-Garcia MM, Florenciano-Sanchez R, Sanchez-Villanueva JG, de La Rosa JA, et al. Effects of early use of atenolol or captopril on infarct size and ventricular volume: a double-blind comparison in patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2001;103:813\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4188_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003653","volume":"128","author":"B Ibanez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ibanez B, Macaya C, Sanchez-Brunete V, Pizarro G, Fernandez-Friera L, Mateos A, et al. Effect of early metoprolol on infarct size in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the Effect of Metoprolol in Cardioprotection during an Acute myocardial infarction (METOCARD-CNIC) trial. Circulation. 2013;128:1495\u2013503.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"4188_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00527-5","volume":"31","author":"K Hu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hu K, Gaudron P, Ertl G. Long-term effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agent treatment on hemodynamic function and left ventricular remodeling in rats with experimental myocardial infarction: importance of timing of treatment and infarct size. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:692\u2013700.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.63.1.262","volume":"63","author":"IT Mak","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mak IT, Weglicki WB. Protection by beta-blocking agents against free radical-mediated sarcolemmal lipid peroxidation. Circ Res. 1988;63:262\u20136.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"4188_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90044-2","volume":"22","author":"F Van de Werf","year":"1993","unstructured":"Van de Werf F, Janssens L, Brzostek T, Mortelmans L, Wackers FJ, Willems GM, et al. Short-term effects of early intravenous treatment with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent or a specific bradycardiac agent in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving thrombolytic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:407\u201316.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"4188_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00776","volume":"14","author":"V Roolvink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roolvink V, Ottervanger JP, Ibanez B, Dambrink JH, Gosselink M, Kedhi E, et al. One-year clinical outcome of early administration of intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary reperfusion. EuroIntervention. 2018;14:688\u201391.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"4188_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827caa64","volume":"41","author":"MM Hirschl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hirschl MM, Wollmann CG, Erhart F, Brunner W, Pfeffel F, Gattermeier M, et al. Benefit of immediate beta-blocker therapy on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:1396\u2013404.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"4188_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4801","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4801","volume":"354","author":"E Puymirat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puymirat E, Riant E, Aissoui N, Soria A, Ducrocq G, Coste P, et al. \u03b2 blockers and mortality after myocardial infarction in patients without heart failure: multicentre prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2016;354:i4801.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4188_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H14","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.1.H14","volume":"281","author":"A Burger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burger A, Benicke M, Deten A, Zimmer HG. Catecholamines stimulate interleukin-6 synthesis in rat cardiac fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2001;281:H14\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"4188_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1795","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00001.2010","volume":"299","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Anzai T, Kaneko H, Mano Y, Anzai A, Nagai T, et al. Increased C-reactive protein expression exacerbates left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;299:H1795\u2013804.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"4188_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000068449","volume":"99","author":"T Anzai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anzai T, Yoshikawa T, Takahashi T, Maekawa Y, Okabe T, Asakura Y, et al. Early use of beta-blockers is associated with attenuation of serum C-reactive protein elevation and favorable short-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Cardiology. 2003;99:47\u201353.","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"4188_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvaa029","volume":"7","author":"SJ Joo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joo SJ, Kim SY, Choi JH, Park HK, Beom JW, Lee JG, et al. Effect of beta-blocker therapy in patients with or without left ventricular systolic dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021;7:475\u201382.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T03:44:13Z","timestamp":1727408653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-024-04188-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2261"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The institutional review board of St. Luke\u2019s International University approved the study protocol (No. 16-J010). All patients provided informed consent under an opt-out policy.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"511"}}