{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T18:57:50Z","timestamp":1770663470031,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","award":["2023AAC02071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AAC02071"]}]},{"name":"the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","award":["2023AAC02071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AAC02071"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82260086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82260086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Central government guided local science and technology project","award":["2022FRD05046"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FRD05046"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T09:14:17Z","timestamp":1741598057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of hypotonic hyponatremia on outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a national inpatient sample"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shizhe","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kairu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Congyan","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Gitangaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10312-7","volume":"28","author":"M Avvedimento","year":"2023","unstructured":"Avvedimento M, et al. Acute advanced aortic stenosis. Heart Fail Rev. 2023;28(5):1101\u201311.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4564_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2459\/JCM.0000000000001591","volume":"25","author":"M Metra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Metra M, et al. Quality of life in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: tools and evidence. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2024;25(4):259\u201370.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4564_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e028878","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.028878","volume":"12","author":"T Isogai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isogai T, et al. Comparison of outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement requiring peripheral vascular intervention or alternative access. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023;12(12):e028878.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4564_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.07.065","volume":"156","author":"JJ Edelman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edelman JJ, Thourani VH. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and surgical aortic valve replacement: both excellent therapies. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;156(6):2135\u20137.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"4564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab395","volume":"43","author":"A Vahanian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vahanian A, et al. 2021 ESC\/EACTS guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2022;43(7):561\u2013632.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"4564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Aa11","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-17-00567","volume":"13Aa","author":"M Barbanti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Barbanti M, et al. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 2017: state of the art. EuroIntervention. 2017;13Aa:Aa11\u201321.","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"4564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.05.005","volume":"119","author":"A Upadhyay","year":"2006","unstructured":"Upadhyay A, Jaber BL, Madias NE. Incidence and prevalence of hyponatremia. Am J Med. 2006;119(7 Suppl 1):S30\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002668","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002668","volume":"5","author":"DY Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu DY, et al. Hyponatremia and worsening sodium levels are associated with long-term outcome in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(3):e002668.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2015.07.008","volume":"26","author":"SG Wannamethee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wannamethee SG, et al. Mild hyponatremia, hypernatremia and incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in older men: a population-based cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;26(1):12\u20139.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"4564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339203","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1339203","volume":"10","author":"W Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao W, et al. Association between hyponatremia and adverse clinical outcomes of heart failure: current evidence based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1339203.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E125","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27483","volume":"92","author":"A Kagase","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kagase A, et al. Impact of pre-procedural hyponatremia on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a propensity-matched analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018;92(2):E125\u201334.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"key":"4564_CR12","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Overview of the national (nationwide) inpatient sample (NIS). Available from: https:\/\/www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp#about"},{"issue":"9596","key":"4564_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","volume":"370","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, et al. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. Lancet. 2007;370(9596):1453\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"4564_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13325","volume":"63","author":"N Nigro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nigro N, et al. Symptoms and characteristics of individuals with profound hyponatremia: a prospective multicenter observational study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(3):470\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"20","key":"4564_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17653","volume":"318","author":"R Khera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khera R, et al. Adherence to methodological standards in research using the national inpatient sample. JAMA. 2017;318(20):2011\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4564_CR16","unstructured":"HCUP Methods Series. HCUP Methods Series Calculating National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Variances for Data Years 2012 and Later; Available from: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/reports\/methods\/2015_09.jsp"},{"key":"4564_CR17","unstructured":"Overview of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS). Available from: https:\/\/hcup-us.ahrq.gov\/nisoverview.jsp"},{"issue":"8","key":"4564_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl542","volume":"28","author":"M Gheorghiade","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gheorghiade M, et al. Relationship between admission serum sodium concentration and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for heart failure: an analysis from the OPTIMIZE-HF registry. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(8):980\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2020.08.030","volume":"112","author":"FW Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan FW, et al. Hyponatremia: an overlooked risk factor associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2021;112(1):91\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14463","volume":"10","author":"AG Asbagh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asbagh AG, et al. Worsening renal function in hospitalized patients with systolic heart failure: prevalence and risk factors. ESC Heart Fail. 2023;10(5):2837\u201342.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"9","key":"4564_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v5.i9.317","volume":"5","author":"TD Filippatos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Hyponatremia in patients with heart failure. World J Cardiol. 2013;5(9):317\u201328.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4564_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-008-9109-7","volume":"14","author":"D Farmakis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farmakis D, et al. Hyponatremia in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev. 2009;14(2):59\u201363.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1527-5299.2005.04180.x","volume":"11","author":"DA Sica","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sica DA. Hyponatremia and heart failure\u2013pathophysiology and implications. Congest Heart Fail. 2005;11(5):274\u20137.","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"4564_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.05.007","volume":"119","author":"RW Schrier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schrier RW. Water and sodium retention in edematous disorders: role of vasopressin and aldosterone. Am J Med. 2006;119(7 Suppl 1):S47\u201353.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4564_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.4.615","volume":"73","author":"GJ Hasking","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hasking GJ, et al. Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity. Circulation. 1986;73(4):615\u201321.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"4564_CR26","first-page":"R1017","volume":"254","author":"GF DiBona","year":"1988","unstructured":"DiBona GF, Herman PJ, Sawin LL. Neural control of renal function in edema-forming states. Am J Physiol. 1988;254(6 Pt 2):R1017\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4564_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908193410806","volume":"341","author":"RW Schrier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schrier RW, Abraham WT. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(8):577\u201385.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-59-5-924","volume":"59","author":"LS Lilly","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lilly LS, et al. Hyponatremia in congestive heart failure: implications for neurohumoral activation and responses to orthostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;59(5):924\u201330.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"4564_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.73.2.257","volume":"73","author":"WH Lee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee WH, Packer M. Prognostic importance of serum sodium concentration and its modification by converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1986;73(2):257\u201367.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"23","key":"4564_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra000050","volume":"345","author":"KT Weber","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weber KT. Aldosterone in congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(23):1689\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4564_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234368","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1234368","volume":"10","author":"C Basile","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basile C, et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors reduce cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: insights from the EffecTAVI registry. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1234368.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"4564_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3696","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa194","volume":"105","author":"H Falhammar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Falhammar H, et al. Associations between antihypertensive medications and severe hyponatremia: a Swedish population-based case-control study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(10):e3696\u2013705.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"4564_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36817","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36817","volume":"6","author":"LM Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim LM, et al. Hyponatremia is associated with fluid imbalance and adverse renal outcome in chronic kidney disease patients treated with diuretics. Sci Rep. 2016;6:36817.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4564_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.03.019","volume":"60","author":"A Bouquegneau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouquegneau A, et al. Anorexia nervosa and the kidney. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;60(2):299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4564_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Cavoli G, Mul\u00e8 G, Rotolo U. Renal involvement in psychological eating disorders. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(4):c338-41; discussion c341.","DOI":"10.1159\/000333798"},{"issue":"9","key":"4564_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0162990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0162990","volume":"11","author":"SW Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee SW, et al. The effects of pre-existing hyponatremia and subsequent-developing acute kidney injury on in-hospital mortality: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0162990.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"4564_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014140","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.014140","volume":"9","author":"T Breen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breen T, et al. Abnormal serum sodium is associated with increased mortality among unselected cardiac intensive care unit patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(2):e014140.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"4564_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac685","volume":"108","author":"CB Teo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teo CB, et al. Association of preoperative hyponatremia with surgical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 32 observational studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(5):1254\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"4564_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1120700019831950","volume":"30","author":"AT Malik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malik AT, et al. Clostridium difficile colitis in patients undergoing surgery for hip fractures: an analysis of 17,474 patients. Hip Int. 2020;30(1):22\u201332.","journal-title":"Hip Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"4564_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm3041322","volume":"3","author":"JR Gray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gray JR, et al. Hyponatremia in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. J Clin Med. 2014;3(4):1322\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1741598071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04564-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This study was performed using deidentified dataset and individual consent not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The study focused solely on inpatient data during the hospital stay, without any post-discharge follow-up investigation. The research was conducted entirely using the data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, which contains standardized hospital discharge records. No questionnaires or interviews were utilized in this study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data collection methods statement"}}],"article-number":"168"}}