{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T23:56:58Z","timestamp":1780617418923,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T06:00:07Z","timestamp":1741154407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biochemical differences based on sex and clusters of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: analysis from the CARDIO COVID 19\u201320 registry"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Frank","family":"Ca\u00f1\u00f3n-Estrada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Andr\u00e9s","family":"Mu\u00f1oz-Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Escalante-Forero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yorlany","family":"Rodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Alejandra","family":"Arteaga-Tobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Azcarate-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Wyss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis","family":"Barisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Speranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Alarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Ulate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Mercedes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Quesada","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Valencia-Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario Miguel","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoover","family":"Le\u00f3n-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel Alberto","family":"Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Esteban","family":"G\u00f3mez-Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the CARDIO COVID 19-20 Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Lorena","family":"Coronel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra Ines","family":"Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Martin","family":"Brunialti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Schwartzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Carlos Santana","family":"Passos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estev\u00e3o Lanna","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franco Appiani","family":"Florit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Enrique Larrea","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando Verdugo","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Criollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Ram\u00edrez","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Rossel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Lugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo Fernando","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Juliana","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Buitrago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noel","family":"Fl\u00f3rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Isaac","family":"Ort\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William Mill\u00e1n","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara In\u00e9s","family":"Saldarriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana Patricia C\u00e1rdenas","family":"Aldaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlon","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy Pow","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe Nery Gervacio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger Mart\u00edn","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Ch\u00e1vez","family":"Sol Sol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilbert German Yabar","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Almonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Morr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eglee","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"4565_CR1","unstructured":"PAHO COVID-19 RESPONSE. Available from: https:\/\/paho-covid19-response-who.hub.arcgis.com\/. Cited 2024 Jun 15."},{"key":"4565_CR2","unstructured":"COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer. Available from: https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/. Cited 2024 Jun 15."},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010045","volume":"13","author":"AD Fakhroo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fakhroo AD, Al Thani AA, Yassine HM. Markers Associated with COVID-19 Susceptibility, Resistance, and Severity. Viruses. 2020;13(1):45.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"4565_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250774","volume":"16","author":"ES Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau ES, McNeill JN, Paniagua SM, Liu EE, Wang JK, Bassett IV, et al. Sex differences in inflammatory markers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection: Insights from the MGH COVID-19 patient registry. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(4): e0250774.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"14","key":"4565_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa284","volume":"116","author":"LA Bienvenu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bienvenu LA, Noonan J, Wang X, Peter K. Higher mortality of COVID-19 in males: sex differences in immune response and cardiovascular comorbidities. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(14):2197\u2013206.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"4565_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02147.x","volume":"14 Suppl 1","author":"N Jia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jia N, Feng D, Fang LQ, Richardus JH, Han XN, Cao WC, et al. Case fatality of SARS in mainland China and associated risk factors. Trop Med Int Health TM IH. 2009;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):21\u20137.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health TM IH."},{"issue":"3","key":"4565_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh056","volume":"159","author":"J Karlberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karlberg J, Chong DSY, Lai WYY. Do men have a higher case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome than women do? Am J Epidemiol. 2004;159(3):229\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4565_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.5619","volume":"3","author":"J Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H. Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Died of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4): e205619.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"4565_CR9","unstructured":"datadot. COVID-19 cases | WHO COVID-19 dashboard. Available from: https:\/\/data.who.int\/dashboards\/covid19\/cases. Cited 2024 Jun 15."},{"issue":"11","key":"4565_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2684","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26137","volume":"92","author":"L Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin L, Li X, Shi J, Yu M, Wang K, Tao Y, et al. Gendered effects on inflammation reaction and outcome of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. J Med Virol. 2020;92(11):2684\u201392.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"4565_CR11","unstructured":"Ding T, Zhang J, Wang T, Cui P, Chen Z, Jiang J, et al. Potential Influence of Menstrual Status and Sex Hormones on Female Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Multicenter Study in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2020;72(9):ciaa1022."},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.925","volume":"16","author":"JE G\u00f3mez-Mesa","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Mesa JE, Galindo-Coral S, Montes MC, Alarco W, Barisani JL, Maga\u00f1a A, et al. Latin-American Registry of Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the CARDIO COVID 19\u201320 Registry. Glob Heart. 2021;16(1):14.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"2","key":"4565_CR13","first-page":"509","volume":"12","author":"CH Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen CH, Lin SW, Shen CF, Hsieh KS, Cheng CM. Biomarkers during COVID-19: Mechanisms of Change and Implications for Patient Outcomes. Diagn Basel Switz. 2022;12(2):509.","journal-title":"Diagn Basel Switz"},{"issue":"7837","key":"4565_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2700-3","volume":"588","author":"T Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi T, Ellingson MK, Wong P, Israelow B, Lucas C, Klein J, et al. Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. Nature. 2020;588(7837):315\u201320.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-020-00304-9","volume":"11","author":"C Gebhard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gebhard C, Regitz-Zagrosek V, Neuhauser HK, Morgan R, Klein SL. Impact of sex and gender on COVID-19 outcomes in Europe. Biol Sex Differ. 2020;11(1):29.","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"4565_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2021.102778","volume":"126","author":"N Mahroum","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahroum N, Alghory A, Kiyak Z, Alwani A, Seida R, Alrais M, et al. Ferritin - from iron, through inflammation and autoimmunity, to COVID-19. J Autoimmun. 2022;126: 102778.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"4565_CR17","unstructured":"Lebart L, Morineau, Piron M. Statistique Exploratoire Multidimensionelle. 1995."},{"key":"4565_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115265","volume":"327","author":"CX Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao CX, Dwyer D, Zhu Y, Smith CL, Du L, Filia KM, et al. An overview of clustering methods with guidelines for application in mental health research. Psychiatry Res. 2023;327: 115265.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"17","key":"4565_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.07.12","volume":"5","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Castell\u00f3 A. Principal components analysis in clinical studies. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(17):351.","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"4565_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00348","volume":"7","author":"T Galbadage","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galbadage T, Peterson BM, Awada J, Buck AS, Ramirez DA, Wilson J, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Sex-Specific COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes. Front Med. 2020;7:348.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"4565_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.632123","volume":"12","author":"R Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng R, Liu C, Yang J, Yang Y, Chen R, Ding X, et al. Sex Differences in the Incidence and Risk Factors of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Front Physiol. 2021;12: 632123.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"4565_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394","volume":"323","author":"G Grasselli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region. Italy JAMA. 2020;323(16):1574\u201381.","journal-title":"Italy JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-022-08921-5","volume":"64","author":"J-j Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J-j, Dong X, Liu G-h, Gao Y-d. Risk and Protective Factors for COVID-19 Morbidity, Severity, and Mortality. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2023;64(1):90\u2013107.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"issue":"10","key":"4565_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2020.07.024","volume":"95","author":"T Haitao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haitao T, Vermunt JV, Abeykoon J, Ghamrawi R, Gunaratne M, Jayachandran M, et al. COVID-19 and Sex Differences. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020;95(10):2189\u2013203.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"4565_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.809997","volume":"9","author":"HS Lumish","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lumish HS, Kim E, Selvaggi C, Cao T, Gupta A, Foulkes AS, et al. Biomarkers of Cardiac Injury, Renal Injury, and Inflammation Are Strong Mediators of Sex-Associated Death in COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9: 809997.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047049","volume":"142","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Gheblawi M, Oudit GY. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2: A Double-Edged Sword. Circulation. 2020;142(5):426\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.06.007","volume":"76","author":"A Lala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lala A, Johnson KW, Januzzi JL, Russak AJ, Paranjpe I, Richter F, et al. Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(5):533\u201346.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15226\/sojmid\/8\/1\/001108","volume":"8","author":"H Ashktorab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashktorab H, Pizuorno A, Fierro NA, Villagrana EDC, Solis MEH, Cardenas G, et al. A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of COVID-19 in Latin America. SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021;8(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"SOJ Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19741-6","volume":"11","author":"H Peckham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peckham H, de Gruijter NM, Raine C, Radziszewska A, Ciurtin C, Wedderburn LR, et al. Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):6317.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"4565_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8895","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19158895","volume":"19","author":"NMS Sansone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sansone NMS, Pereira LR, Boschiero MN, Valencise FE, Fraga AMA, Marson FAL. Characterization of Clinical Features of Hospitalized Patients Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Absence of Comorbidities Regarding the Sex: An Epidemiological Study of the First Year of the Pandemic in Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):8895.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4565_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaturvedi R, Lui B, Aaronson JA, White RS, Samuels JD. COVID-19 complications in males and females: recent developments. J Comp Eff Res.2022;11(9):689\u201398.","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2022-0027"},{"key":"4565_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amado LA, Coelho WL da CNP, Alves ADR, Carneiro VC de S, Moreira O da C, de Paula VS, et al. Clinical Profile and Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Comparison between the First and Second Pandemic Waves. J Clin Med. 2023;12(7):2568.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12072568"},{"issue":"8","key":"4565_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41697","volume":"73","author":"Q Simon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Simon Q, Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Le Pottier L, Bettachioli E, Cornec D, et al. A Proinflammatory Cytokine Network Profile in Th1\/Type 1 Effector B Cells Delineates a Common Group of Patients in Four Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ. 2021;73(8):1550\u201361.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ"},{"issue":"6508","key":"4565_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabc8511","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8511","volume":"369","author":"D Mathew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathew D, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Greenplate AR, Wu JE, et al. Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications. Science. 2020;369(6508):eabc8511.","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"4565_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.12959","volume":"10","author":"M Macena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macena M, Praxedes D, De Oliveira AD, Paula D, Barros M, Silva J\u00fanior A, et al. Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian women of childbearing age: a systematic review with meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2022;10: e12959.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"4565_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14890","volume":"103","author":"S Ekroos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ekroos S, Karregat J, Toffol E, Castr\u00e9n J, Arvas M, van den Hurk K. Menstrual blood loss is an independent determinant of hemoglobin and ferritin levels in premenopausal blood donors. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(8):1645\u201356.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"4565_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04873-y","volume":"39","author":"YF Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen YF, Xu SQ, Xu YC, Li WJ, Chen KM, Cai J, et al. Inflammatory anemia may be an indicator for predicting disease activity and structural damage in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(6):1737\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"4565_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cersosimo A, Cimino G, Amore L, Calvi E, Pascariello G, Inciardi RM, et al. Cardiac biomarkers and mortality in COVID-19 infection: A review. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis Arch Monaldi Mal Torace. 2022;93(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2022.2276.","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2022.2276"},{"issue":"10","key":"4565_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.14571","volume":"75","author":"J Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang J, Gao J, Zhu W, Feng R, Liu Q, Chen X, et al. Indicators and prediction models for the severity of Covid-19. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10): e14571.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"4565_CR40","first-page":"1104","volume":"76","author":"JJ Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin JJ, Cheng X, Zhou F, Lei F, Akolkar G, Cai J, et al. Redefining Cardiac Biomarkers in Predicting Mortality of Inpatients With COVID-19. Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979. 2020;76(4):1104\u201312.","journal-title":"Hypertens Dallas Tex 1979."},{"issue":"2","key":"4565_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.054969","volume":"144","author":"JW Cunningham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cunningham JW, Claggett BL, Jering KS, Vaduganathan M, Bhatt AS, Rosenthal N, et al. Prognostic Value of Natriuretic Peptides and Cardiac Troponins in COVID-19. Circulation. 2021;144(2):177\u20139.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-22-345","volume":"14","author":"B Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao B, Jing X, Liu Y, Wen R, Wang C. Comparison of laboratory parameters in mild vs. severe cases and died vs. survived patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2022;14(5):1478\u201387.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"4565_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-022-00655-6","volume":"27","author":"A Teimury","year":"2022","unstructured":"Teimury A, Khameneh MT, Khaledi EM. Major coagulation disorders and parameters in COVID-19 patients. Eur J Med Res. 2022;27(1):25.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"4565_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.582896","volume":"8","author":"M Briguglio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Briguglio M, Crespi T, Pino F, Mazzocchi M, Porta M, De Vecchi E, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Severe COVID-19 Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit in Lombardy During the Italian Pandemic. Front Med. 2021;8: 582896.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4565_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.5937\/jomb0-41502","volume":"42","author":"S Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng S, Wang F, Wu W, Li Y, Chen C, Li J, et al. Analysis of multiple organ function damage in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. J Med Biochem. 2023;42(3):444\u201353.","journal-title":"J Med Biochem"},{"issue":"5","key":"4565_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40292-021-00464-8","volume":"28","author":"G Ruzzenenti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruzzenenti G, Maloberti A, Giani V, Biolcati M, Leidi F, Monticelli M, et al. Covid and Cardiovascular Diseases: Direct and Indirect Damages and Future Perspective. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev Off J Ital Soc Hypertens. 2021;28(5):439\u201345.","journal-title":"High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev Off J Ital Soc Hypertens"},{"key":"4565_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85292-4_8","volume":"134","author":"JM Kernbach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kernbach JM, Ort J, Hakvoort K, Clusmann H, Delev D, Neuloh G. Dimensionality Reduction: Foundations and Applications in Clinical Neuroscience. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2022;134:59\u201363.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"issue":"2","key":"4565_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2018.1437615","volume":"27","author":"S Windgassen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Windgassen S, Moss-Morris R, Goldsmith K, Chalder T. The importance of cluster analysis for enhancing clinical practice: an example from irritable bowel syndrome. J Ment Health. 2018;27(2):94\u20136.","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"4565_CR49","unstructured":"Caribe CE para AL y el. Dos a\u00f1os de pandemia de COVID-19 en Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe: reflexiones para avanzar hacia sistemas de salud y de protecci\u00f3n social universales, integrales, sostenibles y resilientes . Comisi\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe; 2022. Available from: https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/es\/publicaciones\/47914-anos-pandemia-covid-19-america-latina-caribe-reflexiones-avanzar-sistemas-salud. Cited 2025 Feb 4."},{"key":"4565_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lu Z. Clustering Longitudinal Data: A Review of Methods and Software Packages. Int Stat Rev. n\/a(n\/a). Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/insr.12588. Cited 2025 Jan 17.","DOI":"10.1111\/insr.12588"},{"key":"4565_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.05.007","volume":"79","author":"PC Austin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Austin PC, van Klaveren D, Vergouwe Y, Nieboer D, Lee DS, Steyerberg EW. Geographic and temporal validity of prediction models: different approaches were useful to examine model performance. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;79:76\u201385.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T12:04:19Z","timestamp":1741349059000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4565"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04565-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the CIC, the Ethics committee of the FVL (#1835) in Cali, Colombia, and by the Scientific Committee and Academic Committee of the IASC.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"147"}}