{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:59:50Z","timestamp":1791604790165,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Echocardiography is the principal non-invasive imaging modality for screening cardiac amyloidosis (CA). This study aimed to establish a cohort of CA-associated left ventricular hypertrophy (CA-LVH) within a hospital-based population and to develop an echocardiographic identification model for CA using readily available echocardiographic parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective nested cohort study involved the collection of clinical and echocardiographic data from three hospitals affiliated with the West China Medical Center, Sichuan University, between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2023. The relative wall thickness (RWT) was calculated as twice the left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) divided by the left ventricular internal diameter (LVID). Asymmetric hypertrophy was defined as a ratio of interventricular septal thickness (IVS) to LVPW greater than 1.3. The AMYLI score was computed as the product of RWT and E\/e\u2019 ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 185 CA patients (183 AL-CA and 2 ATTR-CA) who underwent 309 echocardiography examinations from different time periods with 1,213 echocardiographic data points from in-hospital non-CA-LVH cases matched for age, gender, and body surface area were included. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified a history of hypertension [odds ratio (OR): 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.021\u20130.073], LVID [OR: 0.927, 95%CI: 0.878\u20130.977], left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [OR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.908\u20130.993], AMYLI score [OR: 1.088, 95%CI: 1.024\u20131.161], asymmetric hypertrophy [OR: 3.729, 95%CI: 1.884\u20137.441], granular sparkling [OR: 3.111, 95%CI: 1.355\u20137.431], small pericardial effusion [OR: 2.77, 95%CI: 1.563\u20134.937], mild aortic regurgitation [OR: 2.353, 95%CI: 1.278\u20134.361], mild mitral regurgitation [OR: 4.331, 95%CI: 2.347\u20138.141], and mild tricuspid regurgitation [OR: 3.837, 95%CI: 2.026\u20137.358] as independent predictive factors for CA in LVH patients. The predictive factors were used to construct a nomogram model, which demonstrated high accuracy (0.91\u20130.92), specificity (0.91\u20130.92), sensitivity (0.90\u20130.91), positive predictive value (0.73), negative predictive value (0.93\u20130.98), and Youden index (0.81\u20130.83).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed nomogram displayed remarkable predictive accuracy, which has the potential to enhance CA screening via routine echocardiography and strategically guide subsequent diagnostic evaluations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:57:09Z","timestamp":1761562629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and validation of an echocardiographic nomogram for identifying cardiac amyloidosis in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shichu","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fanfan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaohui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23572","volume":"44","author":"S Ash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ash S, Shorer E, Ramgobin D, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis-A review of current literature for the practicing physician. Clin Cardiol. 2021;44(3):322\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/clc.23572.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310982","volume":"121","author":"E Muchtar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Muchtar E, Blauwet LA, Gertz MA. Restrictive cardiomyopathy: genetics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy. Circ Res. 2017;121(7):819\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310982.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01252-4","volume":"21","author":"M Gertz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gertz M, Adams D, Ando Y, et al. Avoiding misdiagnosis: expert consensus recommendations for the suspicion and diagnosis of transthyretin amyloidosis for the general practitioner. BMC Fam Pract. 2020;21(1):198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01252-4.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"41","key":"4973_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244","volume":"43","author":"AR Lyon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lyon AR, L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez T, Couch LS, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European hematology association (EHA), the European society for therapeutic radiology and oncology (ESTRO) and the international Cardio-Oncology society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4229\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"4973_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2023.08.018","volume":"36","author":"P Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller P, Maurer MS, Einstein AJ, et al. Recognizing cardiac amyloidosis phenotype by echocardiography increases downstream testing. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2023;36(12):1326\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2023.08.018.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"9","key":"4973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.006","volume":"35","author":"SAM Cuddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cuddy SAM, Chetrit M, Jankowski M, et al. Practical points for echocardiography in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022;35(9):A31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2022.06.006.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.10.011","volume":"13","author":"M Boldrini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boldrini M, Cappelli F, Chacko L, et al. Multiparametric echocardiography scores for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(4):909\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.10.011.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"4973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jead170","volume":"24","author":"LE Sade","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sade LE, Joshi SS, Cameli M, et al. Current clinical use of speckle-tracking strain imaging: insights from a worldwide survey from the European association of cardiovascular imaging (EACVI). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;24(12):1583\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jead170.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"16","key":"4973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab072","volume":"42","author":"P Garcia-Pavia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Pavia P, Rapezzi C, Adler Y, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(16):1554\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab072.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"17","key":"4973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","volume":"79","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American college of cardiology\/american heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"37","key":"4973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3503","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194","volume":"44","author":"E Arbelo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(37):3503\u2013626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad194.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19373","volume":"80","author":"J D\u00edez","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u00edez J, Butler J. Growing heart failure burden of hypertensive heart disease: A call to action. Hypertension. 2023;80(1):13\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.19373.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"25","key":"4973_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e533","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000938","volume":"142","author":"SR Ommen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, et al. 2020 AHA\/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: executive summary: A report of the American college of cardiology\/american heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2020;142(25):e533\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000938.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"39","key":"4973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284","volume":"35","author":"PM Elliott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Authors\/Task Force members, Elliott PM, Anastasakis A, et al. 2014 ESC guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the task force for the diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of the European society of cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2014;35(39):2733\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu284.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"8","key":"4973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321759","volume":"132","author":"TD Nguyen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen TD, Schulze PC. Cardiac metabolism in heart failure and implications for uremic cardiomyopathy. Circ Res. 2023;132(8):1034\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321759.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"4973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1960","volume":"22","author":"A Linhart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Linhart A, Germain DP, Olivotto I, et al. An expert consensus document on the management of cardiovascular manifestations of Fabry disease. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(7):1076\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.1960.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003","volume":"28","author":"RM Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American society of echocardiography and the European association of cardiovascular imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015;28(1):1\u2013e3914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2014.10.003.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-023-00304-w","volume":"21","author":"S Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang S, Liu M, Liu Z, et al. Global longitudinal strain assessment in contrast-enhanced echocardiography in breast cancer patients: a feasibility study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2023;21(1):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12947-023-00304-w.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"Suppl G","key":"4973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/4.suppl_g.1","volume":"4","author":"P Wicker","year":"1983","unstructured":"Wicker P, Roudaut R, Haissaguere M, et al. Prevalence and significance of asymmetric septal hypertrophy in hypertension: an echocardiographic and clinical study. Eur Heart J. 1983;4(Suppl G):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/4.suppl_g.1.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"4973_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13449","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13449","volume":"51","author":"A Aimo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aimo A, Chubuchny V, Vergaro G, et al. A simple echocardiographic score to rule out cardiac amyloidosis. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(5):e13449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13449.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"42","key":"4973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv479","volume":"36","author":"Y Adler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adler Y, Charron P. The 2015 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(42):2873\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv479.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"4973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007","volume":"30","author":"WA Zoghbi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO, et al. Recommendations for noninvasive evaluation of native valvular regurgitation: A report from the American society of echocardiography developed in collaboration with the society for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017;30(4):303\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.echo.2017.01.007.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"2","key":"4973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/pst.433","volume":"10","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC. Optimal caliper widths for propensity-score matching when estimating differences in means and differences in proportions in observational studies. Pharm Stat. 2011;10(2):150\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pst.433.","journal-title":"Pharm Stat"},{"key":"4973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"g7594","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7594","volume":"350","author":"GS Collins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, et al. Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement. BMJ. 2015;350:g7594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.g7594.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"3","author":"Youden WJ","year":"1950","unstructured":"Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3(1):32\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::aid-cncr2820030106>3.0.co;2-3.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"6","key":"4973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2011.104","volume":"26","author":"C Cuspidi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cuspidi C, Sala C, Negri F, Mancia G, Morganti A. Italian society of hypertension. Prevalence of left-ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: an updated review of echocardiographic studies. J Hum Hypertens. 2012;26(6):343\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jhh.2011.104.","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"issue":"15","key":"4973_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.04.072","volume":"84","author":"S Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang S, Wan K, Li J, Chen J, Chen Y. Patients with cardiac amyloidosis are more prone to hypotension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024;84(15):e233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.04.072.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4973_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.053","volume":"70","author":"A Martinez-Naharro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Martinez-Naharro A, Treibel TA, Abdel-Gadir A, et al. Magnetic resonance in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(4):466\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.053.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4973_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.01.013","volume":"89","author":"GY Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee GY, Kim K, Choi JO, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis without increased left ventricular wall thickness. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(6):781\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2014.01.013.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"7","key":"4973_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071765","volume":"10","author":"D Nagy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nagy D, R\u00e9v\u00e9sz K, Pesk\u00f3 G, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis with normal wall thickness: prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome in a retrospective analysis. Biomedicines. 2022;10(7):1765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10071765.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"4","key":"4973_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13360","volume":"8","author":"A Devesa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Devesa A, Camblor Blasco A, Pello L\u00e1zaro AM, et al. Prevalence of transthyretin amyloidosis in patients with heart failure and no left ventricular hypertrophy. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8(4):2856\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.13360.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"key":"4973_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.07.035","volume":"339","author":"E Monda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monda E, Palmiero G, Lioncino M, et al. External validation of the increased wall thickness score for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Int J Cardiol. 2021;339:99\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.07.035.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4973_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4280","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14164","volume":"9","author":"H Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang H, Li R, Ma F, et al. An echo score raises the suspicion of cardiac amyloidosis in Chinese with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(6):4280\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ehf2.14164.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"4","key":"4973_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2140","volume":"23","author":"P Garcia-Pavia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Pavia P, Rapezzi C, Adler Y, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis. A position statement of the European society of cardiology working group on myocardial and pericardial diseases. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23(4):512\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2140.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10350-1","volume":"29","author":"A Aimo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aimo A, Camerini L, Fabiani I, et al. Valvular heart disease in patients with cardiac amyloidosis. Heart Fail Rev. 2024;29(1):65\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10741-023-10350-1.","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"4973_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108696","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1108696","volume":"10","author":"A Cersosimo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cersosimo A, Bonelli A, Lombardi CM, et al. Multimodality imaging in the diagnostic management of concomitant aortic stenosis and transthyretin-related wild-type cardiac amyloidosis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1108696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1108696.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"4973_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13152527","volume":"13","author":"R Manzo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Manzo R, Ilardi F, Nappa D, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of aortic stenosis: A comprehensive review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(15):2527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13152527.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"10","key":"4973_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-023-02901-2","volume":"39","author":"A Aimo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aimo A, Fabiani I, Maccarana A, et al. Valve disease in cardiac amyloidosis: an echocardiographic score. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;39(10):1873\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10554-023-02901-2.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"10","key":"4973_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.1781","volume":"7","author":"DR Davies","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davies DR, Redfield MM, Scott CG, et al. A simple score to identify increased risk of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7(10):1036\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2022.1781.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4973_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jez180","volume":"21","author":"M Nicol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicol M, Baudet M, Brun S, et al. Diagnostic score of cardiac involvement in AL amyloidosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;21(5):542\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjci\/jez180.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"4973_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15626","author":"T Nagai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagai T, Horinouchi H, Hashimoto K, et al. Echocardiographic score for the screening of cardiac amyloidosis with positive 99m technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy result. Echocardiography. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.15626.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"4973_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12947-021-00258-x","volume":"19","author":"Y Nakao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakao Y, Saito M, Inoue K, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis screening using a relative apical sparing pattern in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2021;19(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12947-021-00258-x.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ultrasound"},{"issue":"12","key":"4973_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.05.002","volume":"16","author":"X Arana-Achaga","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arana-Achaga X, Goena-Vives C, Villanueva-Benito I, et al. Development and validation of a prediction model and score for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis diagnosis: T-Amylo. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2023;16(12):1567\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2023.05.002.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"11","key":"4973_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae093","volume":"31","author":"A Aimo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aimo A, Vergaro G, Castiglione V, et al. Wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis is not rare in elderly subjects: the CATCH screening study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;31(11):1410\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae093.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"07","key":"4973_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112151-20221230-01082","volume":"52","author":"Y Tianping","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tianping Y, Jing H, Tingjie Y, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: pathological classification and clinical analysis of 48 cases. Chin J Pathol. 2023;52(07):671\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112151-20221230-01082.","journal-title":"Chin J Pathol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T18:07:03Z","timestamp":1761847623000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-04973-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Medical Center, Sichuan University (Ethics approval number: 20221448). Each patient gave informed consent in agreement with the Helsinki Declaration before participating in any study-related activity.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"767"}}