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All datasets are secondary, publicly available and accessible from the DHS official website (\n                      \n                      ). The 2022 NDHS received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of ICF International in the United States (reference number: 180657.0.001.NP.DHS.01). This study adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. ICF International ensured that the survey complied with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations for the protection of human subjects. During the NDHS 2022, written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants. For participants under 18, consent was obtained from their parents or guardians, along with assent from the minors themselves.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"553"}}