{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T05:05:16Z","timestamp":1788671116692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T01:46:06Z","timestamp":1754531166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association between cardiovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease implications for patient safety"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"5054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61249-0","volume":"382","author":"FGR Fowkes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowkes FGR, Rudan D, Rudan I, Aboyans V, Denenberg JO, McDermott MM, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013;382:1329\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"5054_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.179","volume":"14","author":"FGR Fowkes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fowkes FGR, Aboyans V, Fowkes FJI, McDermott MM, Sampson UKA, Criqui MH. Peripheral artery disease: epidemiology and global perspectives. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:156\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"5054_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1736444","volume":"122","author":"M Bojic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bojic M, Bielesz B, Cejka D, Schernthaner G-H, H\u00f6baus C. Calcification propensity in serum and cardiovascular outcome in peripheral artery disease. Thromb Haemost. 2022;122:1040\u20136.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"5054_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8295054","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8295054","volume":"2019","author":"R Bauersachs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bauersachs R, Zeymer U, Bri\u00e8re J-B, Marre C, Bowrin K, Huelsebeck M. Burden of coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease: A literature review. Cardiovasc Ther. 2019;2019:8295054.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Ther"},{"key":"5054_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2023.107255","volume":"154","author":"P Libby","year":"2024","unstructured":"Libby P. Inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol. 2024;154:107255.","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"5054_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319710371614","volume":"61","author":"S Santo Signorelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Santo Signorelli S, Anzaldi M, Fiore V, Catanzaro S, Simili M, Torrisi B, et al. Study on unrecognized peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by ankle\/brachial index and arterial comorbidity in catania, sicily, Italy. Angiology. 2010;61:524\u20139.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"5054_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318276fbcb","volume":"126","author":"V Aboyans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, Allison MA, Creager MA, Diehm C, et al. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2012;126:2890\u2013909.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5054_CR8","first-page":"e686","volume":"135","author":"MD Gerhard-Herman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerhard-Herman MD, Gornik HL, Barrett C, Barshes NR, Corriere MA, Drachman DE, et al. 2016 AHA\/ACC guideline on the management of patients with lower extremity peripheral artery disease: executive summary: A report of the American college of cardiology\/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2017;135:e686\u2013725.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5054_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0239-5","volume":"17","author":"C Souilhol","year":"2020","unstructured":"Souilhol C, Serbanovic-Canic J, Fragiadaki M, Chico TJ, Ridger V, Roddie H, et al. Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17:52\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"5054_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306301","volume":"118","author":"MA Gimbrone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gimbrone MA, Garc\u00eda-Carde\u00f1a G. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Circ Res. 2016;118:620\u201336.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"5054_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020963","volume":"23","author":"E Barbu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barbu E, Popescu M-R, Popescu A-C, Balanescu S-M. Inflammation as A precursor of atherothrombosis, diabetes and early vascular aging. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:963.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5054_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2186317","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2023.2186317","volume":"45","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang Q, Zhang N, Zhang H, Xiao Y, Zhang X, Gao J, et al. Impact of off-hour admission on the maces of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2023;45:2186317.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"5054_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15187","volume":"326","author":"J He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He J, Zhu Z, Bundy JD, Dorans KS, Chen J, Hamm LL. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in US adults by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 1999\u20132018. JAMA. 2021;326:1286\u201398.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"5054_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13442","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713442","volume":"24","author":"A Mall\u00e9n","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mall\u00e9n A, Rodriguez-Urquia R, Alvarez R, Dorca-Duch E, Navarro E, Hueso M. Sex differences in glomerular lesions, in atherosclerosis progression, and in the response to Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors in the ApoE-\/- mice model. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:13442.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5054_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003341","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.121.003341","volume":"14","author":"QS Wells","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wells QS, Bagheri M, Aday AW, Gupta DK, Shaffer CM, Wei W-Q, et al. Polygenic risk score to identify subclinical coronary heart disease risk in young adults. Circ Genom Precis Med. 2021;14:e003341.","journal-title":"Circ Genom Precis Med"},{"key":"5054_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan H, Zhou J, Huang Y, Feng X, Dang P, Li G et al. A Proinflammatory diet is associated with higher risk of peripheral artery disease. Nutrients. 2022;14:3490.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173490"},{"key":"5054_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"G Zipf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zipf G, Chiappa M, Porter KS, Ostchega Y, Lewis BG, Dostal J. National health and nutrition examination survey: plan and operations, 1999\u20132010. Vital Health Stat. 2013;1:1\u201337.","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"5054_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233712","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2023.2233712","volume":"45","author":"M Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu M, Si J, Liu Y, Kang L, Xu B. Association between composite dietary antioxidant index and hypertension: insights from NHANES. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2023;45:2233712.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"5054_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X12442443","volume":"17","author":"SK Zalawadiya","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zalawadiya SK, Veeranna V, Panaich SS, Afonso L. Red cell distribution width and risk of peripheral artery disease: analysis of National health and nutrition examination survey 1999\u20132004. Vasc Med. 2012;17:155\u201363.","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"5054_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.09.010","volume":"213","author":"JS Berger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berger JS, Eraso LH, Xie D, Sha D, Mohler ER 3rd. Mean platelet volume and prevalence of peripheral artery disease, the National health and nutrition examination survey, 1999\u20132004. Atherosclerosis. 2010;213:586\u201391.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"5054_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2024.05.025","volume":"34","author":"F Loreaux","year":"2024","unstructured":"Loreaux F, J\u00e9hannin P, Le Pabic E, Paillard F, Le Faucheur A, Mahe G. An unfavorable dietary pattern is associated with symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2024;34:2173\u201381.","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"5054_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-024-00610-7","volume":"43","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wei R, Tan Z, Chen G, Xu T, Liu Z, et al. Association between dietary fiber intake and peripheral artery disease in hypertensive patients. J Health Popul Nutr. 2024;43:118.","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"5054_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.06.011","volume":"33","author":"AZ Naqvi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naqvi AZ, Davis RB, Mukamal KJ. Nutrient intake and peripheral artery disease in adults: key considerations in cross-sectional studies. Clin Nutr. 2014;33:443\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"5054_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0289973","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289973","volume":"18","author":"Z Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu Z, Ruan Z, Liang G, Wang X, Wu J, Wang B. Association between dietary magnesium intake and peripheral arterial disease: results from NHANES 1999\u20132004. PLoS ONE. 2023;18:e0289973.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5054_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.006","volume":"269","author":"X Zhuang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhuang X, Ni A, Liao L, Guo Y, Dai W, Jiang Y, et al. Environment-wide association study to identify novel factors associated with peripheral arterial disease: evidence from the National health and nutrition examination survey (1999\u20132004). Atherosclerosis. 2018;269:172\u20137.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"5054_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2018.05.010","volume":"27","author":"AV Mattioli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mattioli AV, Francesca C, Mario M, Alberto F. Fruit and vegetables in hypertensive women with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2018;27:110\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN"},{"key":"5054_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2018.03.001","volume":"32","author":"M Mazidi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mazidi M, Mikhailidis DP, Banach M. Higher dietary acid load is associated with higher likelihood of peripheral arterial disease among American adults. J Diabetes Complications. 2018;32:565\u20139.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"5054_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15621797","volume":"21","author":"SM Amrock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amrock SM, Weitzman M. Multiple biomarkers for mortality prediction in peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med. 2016;21:105\u201312.","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"5054_CR29","first-page":"e48142","volume":"15","author":"M Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar M, Deshmukh P, Kumar M, Bhatt A, Sinha AH, Chawla P. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular health: A comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15:e48142.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"5054_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315828","volume":"41","author":"M Kou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kou M, Ding N, Ballew SH, Salameh MJ, Martin SS, Selvin E, et al. Conventional and novel lipid measures and risk of peripheral artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021;41:1229\u201338.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"5054_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.02.059","volume":"75","author":"EK Duran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duran EK, Aday AW, Cook NR, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Pradhan AD. Triglyceride-Rich lipoprotein cholesterol, small dense LDL cholesterol, and incident cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:2122\u201335.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"5054_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0492-5","volume":"25","author":"D Klarin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klarin D, Lynch J, Aragam K, Chaffin M, Assimes TL, Huang J, et al. Genome-wide association study of peripheral artery disease in the million veteran program. Nat Med. 2019;25:1274\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"5054_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314824","volume":"40","author":"N Ding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ding N, Yang C, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, McEvoy JW, Salameh M, et al. Fibrosis and inflammatory markers and Long-Term risk of peripheral artery disease: the ARIC study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40:2322\u201331.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"5054_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X15617541","volume":"21","author":"MM McDermott","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDermott MM, Liu K, Green D, Greenland P, Tian L, Kibbe M, et al. Changes in D-dimer and inflammatory biomarkers before ischemic events in patients with peripheral artery disease: the BRAVO study. Vasc Med. 2016;21:12\u201320.","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"key":"5054_CR35","first-page":"11","volume":"479","author":"JD McDivitt","year":"2019","unstructured":"McDivitt JD, Braun M, Kassop D. Cardiovascular disease: lower extremity peripheral artery disease. FP Essent. 2019;479:11\u20135.","journal-title":"FP Essent"},{"key":"5054_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2115","volume":"23","author":"B Bozkurt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bozkurt B, Coats AJS, Tsutsui H, Abdelhamid CM, Adamopoulos S, Albert N, et al. Universal definition and classification of heart failure: a report of the heart failure society of america, heart failure association of the European society of cardiology, Japanese heart failure society and writing committee of the universal definition of heart failure: endorsed by the Canadian heart failure society, heart failure association of india, cardiac society of Australia and new zealand, and Chinese heart failure association. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021;23:352\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"5054_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.063","volume":"77","author":"A Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain A, Sun W, Deswal A, de Lemos JA, McEvoy JW, Hoogeveen RC, et al. Association of NT-ProBNP, blood pressure, and cardiovascular events: the ARIC study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:559\u201371.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"5054_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.122.318774","volume":"43","author":"CW Hicks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hicks CW, Wang D, McDermott K, Matsushita K, Tang O, Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, et al. Associations of cardiac biomarkers with peripheral artery disease and peripheral neuropathy in US adults without prevalent cardiovascular disease. ATVB. 2023;43:1583\u201391.","journal-title":"ATVB"},{"key":"5054_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.08.021","volume":"65","author":"Y Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim Y, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Grams ME, Skali H, Shah AM, et al. Association of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and natriuretic peptide with incident ESRD: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;65:550\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"5054_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000173","volume":"44","author":"AR Folsom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Folsom AR, Nambi V, Bell EJ, Oluleye OW, Gottesman RF, Lutsey PL, et al. Troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and incidence of stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Stroke. 2013;44:961\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"5054_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001128","volume":"44","author":"RT Dadu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dadu RT, Fornage M, Virani SS, Nambi V, Hoogeveen RC, Boerwinkle E, et al. Cardiovascular biomarkers and subclinical brain disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Stroke. 2013;44:1803\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"5054_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750X.2019.1631886","volume":"24","author":"S Fatemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fatemi S, Acosta S, Gotts\u00e4ter A, Melander O, Engstr\u00f6m G, Dakhel A, et al. Copeptin, B-type natriuretic peptide and Cystatin C are associated with incident symptomatic PAD. Biomarkers. 2019;24:615\u201321.","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"5054_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.09.055","volume":"344","author":"PK Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg PK, Lima J, deFilippi CR, Daniels LB, Seliger SL, de Lemos JA, et al. Associations of cardiac injury biomarkers with risk of peripheral artery disease: the Multi-Ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol. 2021;344:199\u2013204.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"5054_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy106","volume":"39","author":"K Matsushita","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsushita K, Kwak L, Yang C, Pang Y, Ballew SH, Sang Y, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptide with risk of lower-extremity peripheral artery disease: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:2412\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"5054_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35073-z","volume":"13","author":"B Zierfuss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zierfuss B, Feldscher A, H\u00f6baus C, Hannes A, Koppensteiner R, Schernthaner G-H. NT-proBNP as a surrogate for unknown heart failure and its predictive power for peripheral artery disease outcome and phenotype. Sci Rep. 2023;13:8029.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5054_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.314774","volume":"40","author":"B Kremers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kremers B, W\u00fcbbeke L, Mees B, Ten Cate H, Spronk H, Ten Cate-Hoek A. Plasma biomarkers to predict cardiovascular outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020;40:2018\u201332.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"5054_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4944238","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/4944238","volume":"2023","author":"I Isordia-Salas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isordia-Salas I, Santiago-Germ\u00e1n D, Flores-Arizmendi A, Lea\u00f1os-Miranda A. Polymorphisms in the Renin-Angiotensin system and eNOS Glu298Asp genes are associated with increased risk for essential hypertension in a Mexican population. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2023;2023:4944238.","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"5054_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9002021","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9002021","volume":"2023","author":"I Isordia-Salas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Isordia-Salas I, Santiago-Germ\u00e1n D, Jim\u00e9nez-Alvarado RM, Lea\u00f1os-Miranda A. Genetic variants associated with high susceptibility of premature ischemic stroke. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2023;2023:9002021.","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"5054_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7890188","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7890188","volume":"2023","author":"H Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad H, Khan H, Haque S, Ahmad S, Srivastava N, Khan A. Angiotensin-Converting enzyme and hypertension: A systemic analysis of various ACE inhibitors, their side effects, and bioactive peptides as a putative therapy for hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2023;2023:7890188.","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T15:36:56Z","timestamp":1757345816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5054"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05054-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study complied with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The NHANES protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). All participants provided written informed consent prior to enrollment. Ethical review for this secondary analysis was exempted as only de-identified, publicly available data were used.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. This study utilized anonymized data from the NHANES database, and no individual identifiers are included in the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"586"}}