{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T07:05:03Z","timestamp":1784358303388,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:53:27Z","timestamp":1759755207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unraveling cardiogenic shock: insights from a single-center registry on management strategies and patient outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Saba","family":"Aijaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asadullah","family":"Bugti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asefa","family":"Shariq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Kashif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asad","family":"Pathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3S1","key":"5128_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00888-3","volume":"36","author":"AK Jacobs","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jacobs AK, French JK, Col J, Sleeper LA, Slater JN, Carnendran L, et al. Cardiogenic shock with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK trial registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36(3S1):1091\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5128_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.4.448","volume":"294","author":"A Babaev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Babaev A, Frederick PD, Pasta DJ, Every N, Sichrovsky T, Hochman JS, et al. Trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA. 2005;294(4):448\u201354.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"5128_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000590","volume":"3","author":"D Kolte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kolte D, Khera S, Aronow WS, Mujib M, Palaniswamy C, Sule S, et al. Trends in incidence, management, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(1): e000590.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"9","key":"5128_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-9-200811040-00005","volume":"149","author":"RV Jeger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jeger RV, Radovanovic D, Hunziker PR, Pfisterer ME, Stauffer J-C, Erne P, et al. Ten-year trends in the incidence and treatment of cardiogenic shock. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):618\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"5128_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.055","volume":"73","author":"AA Damluji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Damluji AA, Bandeen-Roche K, Berkower C, Boyd CM, Al-Damluji MS, Cohen MG, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in older patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(15):1890\u2013900.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5128_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.02.015","volume":"123","author":"S Kubo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kubo S, Yamaji K, Inohara T, Kohsaka S, Tanaka H, Ishii H, et al. In-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome with cardiogenic shock (from a Japanese nationwide registry [J-PCI registry]). Am J Cardiol. 2019;123(10):1595\u2013601.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"18","key":"5128_CR7","first-page":"1853","volume":"12","author":"U Zeymer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeymer U, Hochadel M, Karcher A-K, Thiele H, Darius H, Behrens S, et al. Procedural success rates and mortality in elderly patients with percutaneous coronary intervention for cardiogenic shock. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions. 2019;12(18):1853\u20139.","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions"},{"issue":"4","key":"5128_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007293","volume":"12","author":"L Hunziker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hunziker L, Radovanovic D, Jeger R, Pedrazzini G, Cuculi F, Urban P, et al. Twenty-year trends in the incidence and outcome of cardiogenic shock in AMIS plus registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(4): e007293.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"15","key":"5128_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e815","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000959","volume":"143","author":"TD Henry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henry TD, Tomey MI, Tamis-Holland JE, Thiele H, Rao SV, Menon V, et al. Invasive management of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2021;143(15):e815\u201329.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5128_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/157340308783565456","volume":"4","author":"L Khalid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khalid L, Dhakam SH. A review of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2008;4(1):34\u201340.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"5128_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3126\/jnsccm.v2i3.71538","volume":"2","author":"P Koolwal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koolwal P, Mangal K. Cardiogenic shock in resource-limited settings. J Nepal Soc Crit Care Med. 2024;2(3):9\u201313.","journal-title":"J Nepal Soc Crit Care Med"},{"key":"5128_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1147","author":"Z Samad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samad Z, Noorali AA, Farhad A, Awan S, Qureshi NQ, Mawani M, et al. Leveraging clinical digitized data to understand temporal characteristics and outcomes of acute myocardial infarctions at a tertiary care medical centre in Pakistan from 1988\u20132018 \u2013 methods and results. Glob Heart. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gh.1147.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"issue":"11","key":"5128_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22580","volume":"39","author":"VV Hemradj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hemradj VV, Ottervanger JP, van\u2019t Hof AW, Dambrink JH, Gosselink M, Kedhi E, et al. Cardiogenic shock predicts Long-term mortality in hospital survivors of STEMI treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Clin Cardiol. 2016;39(11):665\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5128_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.37616\/2212-5043.1323","volume":"34","author":"G Shalaby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shalaby G, Niazi AK, Khaled S. Cardiogenic shock among patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a middle Eastern country: a single-center experience. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2022;34(4):232\u201340.","journal-title":"J Saudi Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"5128_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000190","volume":"26","author":"D Acharya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Acharya D. Predictors of outcomes in myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. Cardiol Rev. 2018;26(5):255\u201366.","journal-title":"Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"5128_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.18.1860","volume":"98","author":"PW Armstrong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Armstrong PW, Fu Y, Chang W-C, Topol EJ, Granger CB, Betriu A, et al. Acute coronary syndromes in the GUSTO-IIb trial. Circulation. 1998;98(18):1860\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"5128_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-024-03832-z","volume":"24","author":"N Kassam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kassam N, Ngunga M, Varwani M, Msunza M, Jeilan M. Acute coronary syndrome patterns in the young: risk factor profile and in-hospital outcomes in a tertiary referral hospital in Kenya. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2024;24(1): 192.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"5128_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199908263410901","volume":"341","author":"H Js","year":"1999","unstructured":"Js H. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:625\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5128_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(02)00429-3","volume":"24","author":"M Lindholm","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindholm M, K\u00f8ber L, Boesgaard S, Torp-Pedersen C, Aldershvile J, Group TS. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: prognostic impact of early and late shock development. Eur Heart J. 2003;24(3):258\u201365.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"5128_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2014.12.006","volume":"6","author":"JK Jensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jensen JK, Thayssen P, Antonsen L, Hougaard M, Junker A, Pedersen KE, et al. Influence of cardiogenic shock with or without the use of intra-aortic balloon pump on mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. IJC Heart & Vasculature. 2015;6:19\u201324.","journal-title":"IJC Heart & Vasculature"},{"issue":"6","key":"5128_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.12.009","volume":"128","author":"S Bangalore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bangalore S, Gupta N, Guo Y, Lala A, Balsam L, Roswell RO, et al. Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med. 2015;128(6):601\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"5128_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy004","volume":"39","author":"KH Scholz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scholz KH, Maier SKG, Maier LS, Lengenfelder B, Jacobshagen C, Jung J, et al. Impact of treatment delay on mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients presenting with and without haemodynamic instability: results from the German prospective, multicentre FITT-STEMI trial. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(13):1065\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5128_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21030969","volume":"21","author":"GT Szab\u00f3","year":"2021","unstructured":"Szab\u00f3 GT, \u00c1goston A, Csat\u00f3 G, R\u00e1cz I, B\u00e1r\u00e1ny T, Uzonyi G, et al. Predictors of hospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiogenic shock. Sensors. 2021;21(3): 969.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"8","key":"5128_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01372-9","volume":"37","author":"RG Brindis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brindis RG, Fitzgerald S, Anderson HV, Shaw RE, Weintraub WS, Williams JF. The American college of cardiology-national cardiovascular data registry\u2122(ACC-NCDR\u2122): building a national clinical data repository. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(8):2240\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5128_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2015.10.039","volume":"9","author":"SA Wayangankar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wayangankar SA, Bangalore S, McCoy LA, Jneid H, Latif F, Karrowni W, et al. Temporal trends and outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions for cardiogenic shock in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: a report from the CathPCI registry. Cardiovasc Interventions. 2016;9(4):341\u201351.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Interventions"},{"issue":"15","key":"5128_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq220","volume":"31","author":"H Thiele","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thiele H, Allam B, Chatellier G, Schuler G, Lafont A. Shock in acute myocardial infarction: the Cape Horn for trials? Eur Heart J. 2010;31(15):1828\u201335.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"5128_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Unverzagt S, Buerke M, de Waha A, Haerting J, Pietzner D, Seyfarth M et al. Intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation (IABP) for myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Cochrane Database Syst Reviews. 2015(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007398.pub3","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007398.pub3"},{"issue":"4","key":"5128_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.12.008","volume":"25","author":"U Zeymer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zeymer U, Vogt A, Zahn R, Weber MA, Tebbe U, Gottwik M, et al. Predictors of in-hospital mortality in 1333 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) results of the primary PCI registry of the arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitende kardiologische krankenhaus\u00e4rzte (ALKK). Eur Heart J. 2004;25(4):322\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5128_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2003.021691","volume":"91","author":"AG Sutton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sutton AG, Finn P, Hall J, Harcombe A, Wright R, De Belder M. Predictors of outcome after percutaneous treatment for cardiogenic shock. Heart. 2005;91(3):339\u201344.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"5128_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.10.035","volume":"99","author":"RH Mehta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mehta RH, Califf RM, Yang Q, Pieper KS, White HD, Ohman EM, et al. Impact of initial heart rate and systolic blood pressure on relation of age and mortality among fibrinolytic-treated patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction presenting with cardiogenic shock. Am J Cardiol. 2007;99(6):793\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"5128_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.09.019","volume":"224","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X, Sousa-Casasnovas I, Devesa C, Juarez M, Fernandez-Aviles F, Martinez-Selles M. Predictors of in-hospital mortality among cardiogenic shock patients. Prognostic and therapeutic implications. Int J Cardiol. 2016;224:114\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5128_CR32","first-page":"29","volume":"94","author":"DA Baran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baran DA, Grines CL, Bailey S, Burkhoff D, Hall SA, Henry TD. SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;94(1):29\u201337.","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:53:28Z","timestamp":1759755208000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05128-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Tabba Heart Institute (THI) [IRB Reference Number: THI\/IRB\/SQ\/13-12-2018\/067]. The authors confirm that this study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. As the data were collected from an existing registry, no direct patient interventions were performed, and no human subjects were directly involved in experiments. All data were handled with strict confidentiality in compliance with ethical standards, and informed consent was not required for the use of registry data. Confidentiality and privacy were maintained by assigning unique identification numbers (IDs) to the participants. Data was accessible to only authorized personnel and was secured with password protected key.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"As data was retrieved from registry, informed consent for publication was not applicable. No images of patients have been used in our study for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"716"}}