{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:45:11Z","timestamp":1768257911076,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T10:20:25Z","timestamp":1764584425000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Understanding delays in care-seeking behavior in heart failure: a comprehensive scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaisheng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2016.tb00669.x","volume":"6","author":"E Tanai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tanai E, Frantz S. Pathophysiology of heart failure. Compr Physiol. 2016;6(1):187\u2013214.","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"5293_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2023.05","volume":"9","author":"B Shahim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shahim B, Kapelios CJ, Savarese G, Lund LH. Global public health burden of heart failure: an updated review. Cardiac Fail Rev. 2023;9:e11.","journal-title":"Cardiac Fail Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/10376178.2017.1290537","volume":"53","author":"M Toback","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toback M, Clark N. Strategies to improve self-management in heart failure patients. Contemp Nurse. 2017;53(1):105\u201320.","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"5","key":"5293_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjcn\/zvaa032","volume":"20","author":"CY Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin CY, Hammash M, Miller JL, Schrader M, Mudd-Martin G, Biddle MJ, et al. Delay in seeking medical care for worsening heart failure symptoms: predictors and association with cardiac events. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;20(5):454\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"5293_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang B-B, Wang S-Y, Han S-X, Yang X-B, Liu Q-D, Chen S-Y et al. Factors influencing Healthcare-Seeking decisions delay during acute exacerbations in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: an analysis based on a Cross-Sectional study. 2024.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5114634\/v1"},{"issue":"12","key":"5293_CR6","first-page":"1772","volume":"117","author":"Y Wu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y-q, Hong B-l. Huang C-x. Factors associated with the extent of care-seeking delay for patients with acute myocardial infarction in Beijing. Chin Med J. 2004;117(12):1772\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5293_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2011.09.007","volume":"41","author":"NF Altice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Altice NF, Madigan EA. Factors associated with delayed care-seeking in hospitalized patients with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2012;41(3):244\u201354.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000526","volume":"34","author":"A Okada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okada A, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Kang J, Aoki Y, Fukawa M, Matsuoka S. Symptom perception, evaluation, response to symptom, and delayed care seeking in patients with acute heart failure: an observational study. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2019;34(1):36\u201343.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"5293_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tromp J, Paniagua SM, Lau ES, Allen NB, Blaha MJ, Gansevoort RT et al. Age dependent associations of risk factors with heart failure: pooled population based cohort study. BMJ. 2021;372.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n461"},{"issue":"10","key":"5293_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(00)00186-8","volume":"19","author":"LS Evangelista","year":"2000","unstructured":"Evangelista LS, Dracup K, Doering LV. Treatment-seeking delays in heart failure patients. J Heart Lung Transplantation: Official Publication Int Soc Heart Transplantation. 2000;19(10):932\u20138.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplantation: Official Publication Int Soc Heart Transplantation"},{"issue":"6","key":"5293_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/01.JCN.0000338928.51093.40","volume":"23","author":"MM Friedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Friedman MM, Quinn JR. Heart failure patients\u2019 time, symptoms, and actions before a hospital admission. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008;23(6):506\u201312.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"5293_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002540","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002540","volume":"15","author":"CA Lawson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lawson CA, Solis-Trapala I, Dahlstrom U, Mamas M, Jaarsma T, Kadam UT, et al. Comorbidity health pathways in heart failure patients: A sequences-of-regressions analysis using cross-sectional data from 10,575 patients in the Swedish heart failure registry. PLoS Med. 2018;15(3):e1002540.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"5293_CR13","unstructured":"Liu L. Heart failure: epidemiology and research methods. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017."},{"key":"5293_CR14","first-page":"58","volume":"1001","author":"O Page","year":"2024","unstructured":"Page O. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Br J Sports Med. 2024;1001:58.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-302","volume":"11","author":"RH Schwinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schwinger RH. Pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovasc Diagnosis Therapy. 2021;11(1):263.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagnosis Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2005.04.011","volume":"5","author":"P Johansson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johansson P, Dahlstr\u00f6m U, Brostr\u00f6m A. Factors and interventions influencing health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure: a review of the literature. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006;5(1):5\u201315.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"5293_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515119892797","volume":"19","author":"GC Santos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Santos GC, Liljeroos M, Dwyer AA, Jaques C, Girard J, Str\u00f6mberg A, et al. Symptom perception in heart failure: a scoping review on definition, factors and instruments. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2020;19(2):100\u201317.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"5293_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2013.01.007","volume":"42","author":"C Darling","year":"2013","unstructured":"Darling C, Saczynski JS, McManus DD, Lessard D, Spencer FA, Goldberg RJ. Delayed hospital presentation in acute decompensated heart failure: clinical and patient reported factors. Heart Lung: J Crit Care. 2013;42(4):281\u20136.","journal-title":"Heart Lung: J Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"5293_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2002.129234","volume":"8","author":"LS Evangelista","year":"2002","unstructured":"Evangelista LS, Dracup K, Doering LV. Racial differences in treatment-seeking delays among heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2002;8(6):381\u20136.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"5293_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9563(97)90053-4","volume":"26","author":"MM Friedman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Friedman MM. Older adults\u2019 symptoms and their duration before hospitalization for heart failure. Heart Lung: J Crit Care. 1997;26(3):169\u201376.","journal-title":"Heart Lung: J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"5293_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20118","volume":"29","author":"CY Jurgens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jurgens CY. Somatic awareness, uncertainty, and delay in care-seeking in acute heart failure. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(2):74\u201386.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5293_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0b013e3181ac1581","volume":"58","author":"CY Jurgens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jurgens CY, Hoke L, Byrnes J, Riegel B. Why do elders delay responding to heart failure symptoms? Nurs Res. 2009;58(4):274\u201382.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5293_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e3182a37789","volume":"29","author":"KA Sethares","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sethares KA, Sosa ME, Fisher P, Riegel B. Factors associated with delay in seeking care for acute decompensated heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2014;29(5):429\u201338.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2017750","volume":"26","author":"JR Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu JR, Lee KS, Dekker RD, Welsh JD, Song EK, Abshire DA, et al. Prehospital Delay, precipitants of Admission, and length of stay in patients with exacerbation of heart Failure. American journal of critical care: an official publication. Am Association Critical-Care Nurses. 2016;26(1):62\u20139.","journal-title":"Am Association Critical-Care Nurses"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000423","volume":"33","author":"J Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu J, Gallo JJ, Wenzel J, Nolan MT, Budhathoki C, Abshire M, et al. Heart failure rehospitalization and delayed decision making: the impact of Self-care and depression. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2018;33(1):30\u20139.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"5293_CR26","unstructured":"Feiyu W, Xiaomei L, Rong H. The association between delayed medical care-seeking and symptom experience in patients with acute heart failure. J Xinjiang Med Univ. 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"5293_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq200","volume":"13","author":"P Johansson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Johansson P, Nieuwenhuis M, Lesman-Leegte I, van Veldhuisen DJ, Jaarsma T. Depression and the delay between symptom onset and hospitalization in heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 2011;13(2):214\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"8","key":"5293_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2011.04.004","volume":"17","author":"MM Nieuwenhuis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuis MM, Jaarsma T, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Wal MH. Factors associated with patient delay in seeking care after worsening symptoms in heart failure patients. J Card Fail. 2011;17(8):657\u201363.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"5293_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.10.032","volume":"121","author":"RJ Goldberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldberg RJ, Goldberg JH, Pruell S, Yarzebski J, Lessard D, Spencer FA, et al. Delays in seeking medical care in hospitalized patients with decompensated heart failure. Am J Med. 2008;121(3):212\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"37","key":"5293_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgm003","volume":"2007","author":"C Miaskowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miaskowski C, Aouizerat BE, Dodd M, Cooper B. Conceptual issues in symptom clusters research and their implications for quality-of-life assessment in patients with cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2007;2007(37):39\u201346.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"5293_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1177\/1474515116642594","volume":"16","author":"HA DeVon","year":"2017","unstructured":"DeVon HA, Vuckovic K, Ryan CJ, Barnason S, Zerwic JJ, Pozehl B, et al. Systematic review of symptom clusters in cardiovascular disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2017;16(1):6\u201317.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"5293_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2016.02.002","volume":"109","author":"A Teixeira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Teixeira A, Arrigo M, Tolppanen H, Gayat E, Laribi S, Metra M, et al. Management of acute heart failure in elderly patients. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2016;109(6\u20137):422\u201330.","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"5293_CR33","unstructured":"Duan JH. Clinical predictive factors and prognosis analysis of depression symptoms in heart failure [dissertation]. Suzhou: Soochow University; 2022."},{"issue":"2","key":"5293_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0b013e318197a985","volume":"24","author":"E Allman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Allman E, Berry D, Nasir L. Depression and coping in heart failure patients: a review of the literature. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2009;24(2):106\u201317.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"5293_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2006.11.002","volume":"9","author":"H Patel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patel H, Shafazand M, Schaufelberger M, Ekman I. Reasons for seeking acute care in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9(6\u20137):702\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"5293_CR36","first-page":"25","volume":"37","author":"YK Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao YK, Yang Y. Progress in research on neuroendocrine aspects of anxiety and depression in chronic heart failure. J Pract Tradit Chin Intern Med. 2023;37:25\u20138.","journal-title":"J Pract Tradit Chin Intern Med"},{"key":"5293_CR37","first-page":"4072","volume":"20","author":"L Xing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xing L, Yi YP, Tao L, et al. Progress in research on symptom perception process and interventions in heart failure patients. Gen Nurs. 2022;20:4072\u20135.","journal-title":"Gen Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"5293_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.04.058","volume":"154","author":"VV Dickson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dickson VV, Tkacs N, Riegel B. Cognitive influences on self-care decision making in persons with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2007;154(3):424\u201331.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"5293_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1580","volume":"21","author":"T Jaarsma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaarsma T, Str\u00f6mberg A. We told you so: \u2018knowledge is not enough to improve heart failure self-care behaviour\u2019. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1443\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"5293_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1067\/mhl.2001.118611","volume":"30","author":"B Carlson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carlson B, Riegel B, Moser DK. Self-care abilities of patients with heart failure. Heart Lung. 2001;30(5):351\u20139.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T10:20:35Z","timestamp":1764584435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccardiovascdisord.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-025-05293-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"854"}}