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This study aimed to directly assess the trough anticoagulant levels (anti-Xa activities at 90\u00a0min after administration) of enoxaparin 0.75\u00a0mg\/kg versus 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg in patients undergoing trans-radial coronary angiography (CAG) alone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Before CAG, eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin 0.75\u00a0mg\/kg (High-dose group) or 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg (Standard-dose group). After CAG, patients undergoing both CAG and PCI were excluded from each group according to the study protocol. Anti-Xa activities were assessed at 0\u00a0min, 10\u00a0min, and 90\u00a0min after enoxaparin was administered. The primary endpoint was anti-Xa activity at 90\u00a0min. Target anticoagulation was defined as anti-Xa activities of 0.5-1.8 IU\/ml.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 177 patients underwent randomization, 96 of which underwent CAG alone (48 in each group). The baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. In the High-dose compared to the Standard-dose group, (1) the anti-Xa activities were higher at both 90\u00a0min (0.80 [0.68, 0.90] IU\/ml vs. 0.57 [0.49, 0.69] IU\/ml,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 10\u00a0min (1.37 [1.16, 1.50] IU\/ml vs. 0.94 [0.83, 1.13] IU\/ml,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001); (2) the rates of target anticoagulation were higher at 90\u00a0min (100.0% [38\/38] vs. 72.7% [32\/44],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), although similar at 10\u00a0min (100.0% [41\/41] vs. 97.9% [46\/47],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091.000).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Enoxaparin 0.75\u00a0mg\/kg achieved higher anticoagulant levels and higher rates of target anticoagulation at 90\u00a0min after administration in patients undergoing trans-radial CAG alone compared to enoxaparin 0.5\u00a0mg\/kg.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03145675) on May 21, 2017.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-05618-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:56:50Z","timestamp":1771505810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trough anticoagulant levels of high-dose versus standard-dose intravenous enoxaparin in patients undergoing trans-radial coronary angiography alone"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Lun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingding","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinglin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengyue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5618_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy394","volume":"40","author":"FJ Neumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neumann FJ, Sousa-Uva M, Ahlsson A, Alfonso F, Banning AP, Benedetto U, et al. 2018 ESC\/EACTS guidelines on myocardial revascularization. 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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Zhenyu Liu reports receiving consulting\/lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi-Sankyo, GLG, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, and Servier. Other co-authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"257"}}