{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:53:08Z","timestamp":1781639588467,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025M772244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025M772244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Universities, China","award":["2024KCXTD019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KCXTD019"]}]},{"name":"Funding for Guangdong Medical Leading Talent, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China","award":["2019-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-2022"]}]},{"name":"Grant for Key Disciplinary Project of Clinical Medicine under the High-level University Development Program, Guangdong, China","award":["2024-2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disease that progresses with ageing. Glycosylation plays a significant role in inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of ageing-related diseases, including atherosclerosis. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), a glycosylated agonist of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), serves as an inducer of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. However, the effect of glycosylated CD147 (GlyCD147) on atherosclerosis remains unclear. This research aims to identify whether GlyCD147 is associated with atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To begin with, a clinical case-control study was designed to assess the differences of CD147 and GlyCD147 between 69 carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) cases and 69 controls. Traditional atherosclerotic risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia and obesity, between cases and controls were matched by propensity score matching. Next, a cross-sectional study including 583 participants was conducted to confirm the association of GlyCD147 with CAS by multivariable logistic analysis, which was further examined within subgroups defined by age, gender, smoking, hypertension, T2DM and dyslipidemia. Subsequently, the differentially expressed key genes of carotid artery atheroma were identified by profiling the GSE43292 gene expression dataset.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The serum level of GlyCD147 in CAS cases was higher than that in controls [2.40\u00a0\u00b5g\/L vs. 1.06\u00a0\u00b5g\/L,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001], whereas no significant difference of CD147 protein level was observed. Elevated GlyCD147 was positively associated with risk of CAS (adjusted odds ratio 21.57, 95% confidence interval 13.10-35.52,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Especially, GlyCD147 was shown to raise risk of CAS onset across different subgroups. The top hub gene associated with CAS was MMP9 based on its high degree centrality in protein-protein interaction network, which was upregulated in atheroma plaques in comparison to the adjacent tissues.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research demonstrated that GlyCD147 is independently associated with CAS even with other traditional atherosclerotic risk factors being considered. A potential pathogenesis underlying this association could be that GlyCD147 may be involved in CAS by promoting an MMP9-mediated inflammatory response, a hypothesis that warrants future validation through functional experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T11:16:48Z","timestamp":1772277408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of GlyCD147 with carotid atherosclerosis: evidence from integrative analyses"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Cuihong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peixuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxiu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yequn","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuerui","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"5665_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000485","volume":"135","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000000485.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5665_CR2","unstructured":"WHO. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). 2025. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-%28cvds%29."},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z","volume":"5","author":"P Libby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Libby P, Buring JE, Badimon L, Hansson GK, Deanfield J, Bittencourt MS, et al. Atherosclerosis Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-019-0106-z.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"5665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108172","volume":"237","author":"MJ Chapman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chapman MJ, Zamorano JL, Parhofer KG. Reducing residual cardiovascular risk in Europe: Therapeutic implications of European medicines agency approval of icosapent ethyl\/eicosapentaenoic acid. Pharmacol Ther. 2022;237:108172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108172.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15046356","volume":"15","author":"Y Bai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bai Y, Huang W, Ma LT, Jiang JL, Chen ZN. Importance of N-glycosylation on CD147 for its biological functions. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15(4):6356\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms15046356.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"von Ungern-Sternberg SNI, Zernecke A, Seizer P. Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN (CD147) in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19020507.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020507"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.021","volume":"51","author":"C Tarin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tarin C, Lavin B, Gomez M, Saura M, Diez-Juan A, Zaragoza C. The extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer EMMPRIN is a target of nitric oxide in myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;51(2):387\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.04.021.","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"5665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramirez-Carracedo R, Tesoro L, Hernandez I, Diez-Mata J, Filice M, Toro R, et al. Non-Invasive Detection of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer EMMPRIN, a New Therapeutic Target against Atherosclerosis, Inhibited by Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19103248.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19103248"},{"issue":"15","key":"5665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3896","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.15.3896","volume":"19","author":"P Kirk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kirk P, Wilson MC, Heddle C, Brown MH, Barclay AN, Halestrap AP. CD147 is tightly associated with lactate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 and facilitates their cell surface expression. EMBO J. 2000;19(15):3896\u2013904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/emboj\/19.15.3896.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"5","key":"5665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1212","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00228.2010","volume":"299","author":"W Bao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bao W, Min D, Twigg SM, Shackel NA, Warner FJ, Yue DK, et al. Monocyte CD147 is induced by advanced glycation end products and high glucose concentration: possible role in diabetic complications. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010;299(5):C1212\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00228.2010.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.06.015","volume":"78","author":"N Abe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abe N, Osanai T, Fujiwara T, Kameda K, Matsunaga T, Okumura K. C-reactive protein-induced upregulation of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer in macrophages: inhibitory effect of fluvastatin. Life Sci. 2006;78(9):1021\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.06.015.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4062","volume":"13","author":"X Liang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang X, Yang LX, Guo R, Shi Y, Hou X, Yang Z, et al. Atorvastatin attenuates plaque vulnerability by downregulation of EMMPRIN expression via COX-2\/PGE2 pathway. Experimental therapeutic Med. 2017;13(3):835\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.4062.","journal-title":"Experimental therapeutic Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"5665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1161\/01.Atv.0000142806.59283.11","volume":"24","author":"C Haug","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haug C, Lenz C, Diaz F, Bachem MG. Oxidized low-density lipoproteins stimulate extracellular matrix metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) release by coronary smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24(10):1823\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.Atv.0000142806.59283.11.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"5665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.05.027","volume":"156","author":"T Ni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ni T, Chen M, Yang K, Shao J, Fu Y, Zhou W. Association of CD147 genetic polymorphisms with carotid atherosclerotic plaques in a Han Chinese population with cerebral infarction. Thromb Res. 2017;156:29\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2017.05.027.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.116.013133","volume":"47","author":"W Bekwelem","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bekwelem W, Jensen PN, Norby FL, Soliman EZ, Agarwal SK, Lip GY, et al. Carotid Atherosclerosis and Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 2016;47(6):1643\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.116.013133.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"21","key":"5665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laurent S, Cockcroft J, Van Bortel L, Boutouyrie P, Giannattasio C, Hayoz D, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(21):2588\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6319","key":"5665_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1126\/science.354.6319.1601-b","volume":"354","author":"EA Youxin Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Youxin Wang EA, Roberts ARP, Ge S, Zeng Q, Wang W. Glycomics and its application potential in precision medicine. Sci supplement: Precision Med China. 2016;354(6319):36\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.354.6319.1601-b.","journal-title":"Sci supplement: Precision Med China"},{"key":"5665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2022.03.009","author":"W Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang W. Glycomedicine: The Current State of the Art. Engineering. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2022.03.009.","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89703","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89703","volume":"2","author":"A Ercan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ercan A, Kohrt WM, Cui J, Deane KD, Pezer M, Yu EW, et al. Estrogens regulate glycosylation of IgG in women and men. JCI Insight. 2017;2(4):e89703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.89703.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"5665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01834","volume":"9","author":"N Chidi-Ogbolu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chidi-Ogbolu N, Baar K. Effect of Estrogen on Musculoskeletal Performance and Injury Risk. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1834. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2018.01834.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5054","volume":"245","author":"J Cui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cui J, Huang W, Wu B, Jin J, Jing L, Shi WP, et al. N-glycosylation by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V enhances the interaction of CD147\/basigin with integrin \u03b21 and promotes HCC metastasis. J Pathol. 2018;245(1):41\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.5054.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"5665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35210","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35210","volume":"6","author":"JH Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li JH, Huang W, Lin P, Wu B, Fu ZG, Shen HM, et al. N-linked glycosylation at Asn152 on CD147 affects protein folding and stability: promoting tumour metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep. 2016;6:35210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep35210.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.13459\/j.cnki.cjap.2015.01.001","volume":"31","author":"YX Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang YX, Gao YT, Cui LB, Ru NY, Zhang HJ, Jiao B, et al. Effects of tamoxifen on CD147 glycosylation and MMPs in the diabetic rat myocardium. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi. 2015;31(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13459\/j.cnki.cjap.2015.01.001.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"7","key":"5665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e058922","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058922","volume":"12","author":"C Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian C, Mahara G, Zhang H, Tan X. Association of immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation with carotid atherosclerotic plaque phenotypes and actual clinical cardiovascular events: a study protocol for a longitudinal prospective cohort study. BMJ open. 2022;12(7):e058922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-058922.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-013-9310-2","volume":"38","author":"H Ayari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ayari H, Bricca G. Identification of two genes potentially associated in iron-heme homeostasis in human carotid plaque using microarray analysis. J Biosci. 2013;38(2):311\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12038-013-9310-2.","journal-title":"J Biosci"},{"key":"5665_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15404","author":"WB Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai WB, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo WG, Duan YY, Zhang L. Preliminary study of carotid variables under ultrasound analysis as predictors for the risk of coronary arterial atherosclerosis. Echocardiography. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/echo.15404.","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"33","key":"5665_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","volume":"39","author":"B Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(33):3021\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"5665_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.11.014","volume":"7","author":"TZ Naqvi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Naqvi TZ, Lee MS. Carotid intima-media thickness and plaque in cardiovascular risk assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(10):1025\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.11.014.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.permed.2012.01.006","volume":"1","author":"S Bartels","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartels S, Franco AR, Rundek T. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque from risk assessment and clinical use to genetic discoveries. Perspect Med. 2012;1(1):139\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.permed.2012.01.006.","journal-title":"Perspect Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"5665_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000597","volume":"138","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Jr. Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, et al. 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2017;138(17):e426\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000000597.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"5665_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-9033","volume":"32","author":"International Expert Committee report on the","year":"2009","unstructured":"International Expert Committee report on the. role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1327\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-9033.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"5665_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3760\/j.issn:0253-3758.2007.05.003","volume":"35","author":"adults JCfDoGftpatodiC","year":"2007","unstructured":"adults JCfDoGftpatodiC. Chinese guidelines on prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in adults. Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi. 2007;35(5):390\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/j.issn:0253-3758.2007.05.003.","journal-title":"Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-6047.11.s8.9.x","volume":"15","author":"BF Zhou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhou BF. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults\u2013study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci. 2002;15(1):83\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-6047.11.s8.9.x.","journal-title":"Biomed Environ Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.123.323223","volume":"134","author":"JJ Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv JJ, Wang H, Zhang C, Zhang TJ, Wei HL, Liu ZK, et al. CD147 Sparks Atherosclerosis by Driving M1 Phenotype and Impairing Efferocytosis. Circ Res. 2024;134(2):165\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.123.323223.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1161\/atvbaha.108.170969","volume":"29","author":"H Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang H, Tang R, Zhang W, Amirikian K, Geng Z, Geng J, et al. Core2 1-6-N-glucosaminyltransferase-I is crucial for the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009;29(2):180\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/atvbaha.108.170969.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.114.302426","volume":"114","author":"Y D\u00f6ring","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u00f6ring Y, Noels H, Mandl M, Kramp B, Neideck C, Lievens D, et al. Deficiency of the sialyltransferase St3Gal4 reduces Ccl5-mediated myeloid cell recruitment and arrest: short communication. Circ Res. 2014;114(6):976\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.114.302426.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5665_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678x16679671","volume":"37","author":"Y He","year":"2017","unstructured":"He Y, Ma X, Li D, Hao J. Thiamet G mediates neuroprotection in experimental stroke by modulating microglia\/macrophage polarization and inhibiting NF-\u03baB p65 signaling. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2017;37(8):2938\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271678x16679671.","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"15","key":"5665_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21058","volume":"58","author":"SY Hwang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hwang SY, Shin JH, Hwang JS, Kim SY, Shin JA, Oh ES, et al. Glucosamine exerts a neuroprotective effect via suppression of inflammation in rat brain ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Glia. 2010;58(15):1881\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.21058.","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"5665_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607355","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1607355","volume":"16","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Y, Ai L, Zhou Y, Huang J, Long X, Wu Q. Multi-omics approach to personalised treatment: insights into thrombus-derived exosome regulation in cardiomyocyte ferritinophagy. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1607355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1607355.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368504251372111","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251372111","volume":"108","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Y, Liu W, Zhou Y, Ai L, Qian Y, Huang X, et al. Role of thrombus-derived exosomal lncRNA LOC101928697 in regulating endothelial function via FUS protein interaction in myocardial infarction. Sci Prog. 2025;108(3):368504251372111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504251372111.","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"issue":"3","key":"5665_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.08.002","volume":"69","author":"AC Newby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newby AC. Matrix metalloproteinases regulate migration, proliferation, and death of vascular smooth muscle cells by degrading matrix and non-matrix substrates. Cardiovasc Res. 2006;69(3):614\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardiores.2005.08.002.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"5665_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1161\/01.res.0000041036.86977.14","volume":"91","author":"ZS Galis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Galis ZS, Johnson C, Godin D, Magid R, Shipley JM, Senior RM, et al. Targeted disruption of the matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene impairs smooth muscle cell migration and geometrical arterial remodeling. Circ Res. 2002;91(9):852\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.res.0000041036.86977.14.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"5665_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.107.733238","volume":"117","author":"C Cheung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheung C, Marchant D, Walker EK, Luo Z, Zhang J, Yanagawa B, et al. Ablation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 increases severity of viral myocarditis in mice. Circulation. 2008;117(12):1574\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.107.733238.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5665_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kudelski J, Tokarzewicz A, Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B, Ch\u0142osta P, Bruczko-Goralewska M, et al. The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer. Biomedicines. 2023;11(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11030956.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11030956"},{"issue":"6","key":"5665_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.09.019","volume":"44","author":"JH Nguyen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nguyen JH, Yamamoto S, Steers J, Sevlever D, Lin W, Shimojima N, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 contributes to brain extravasation and edema in fulminant hepatic failure mice. J Hepatol. 2006;44(6):1105\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2005.09.019.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"39","key":"5665_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq2423","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq2423","volume":"8","author":"D Feng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Feng D, Zhou J, Liu H, Wu X, Li F, Zhao J, et al. Astrocytic NDRG2-PPM1A interaction exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Sci Adv. 2022;8(39):eabq2423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abq2423.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"5665_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.67","volume":"86","author":"SY Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li SY, Huang PH, Yang AH, Tarng DC, Yang WC, Lin CC, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency attenuates diabetic nephropathy by modulation of podocyte functions and dedifferentiation. Kidney Int. 2014;86(2):358\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2014.67.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5665_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983964","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.983964","volume":"13","author":"G Opdenakker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Opdenakker G, Vermeire S, Abu El-Asrar A. How to place the duality of specific MMP-9 inhibition for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases into clinical opportunities? Front Immunol. 2022;13:983964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.983964.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000196986.50059.e0","volume":"37","author":"JP Sluijter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sluijter JP, Pulskens WP, Schoneveld AH, Velema E, Strijder CF, Moll F, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 is associated with stable and matrix metalloproteinases 8 and 9 with vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic lesions: a study in human endarterectomy specimen pointing to a role for different extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer glycosylation forms. Stroke. 2006;37(1):235\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000196986.50059.e0.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"5665_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.029","volume":"209","author":"P Seizer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seizer P, Sch\u00f6nberger T, Sch\u00f6tt M, Lang MR, Langer HF, Bigalke B, et al. EMMPRIN and its ligand cyclophilin A regulate MT1-MMP, MMP-9 and M-CSF during foam cell formation. Atherosclerosis. 2010;209(1):51\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.08.029.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"5665_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8022","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.26713","volume":"119","author":"NY Ru","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ru NY, Cui LB, Jiao B, Zhang L, Jiang S, Yu ZB. Glycosylated CD147 reduces myocardial collagen cross-linking in cardiac hypertrophy. J Cell Biochem. 2018;119(10):8022\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcb.26713.","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"13","key":"5665_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.05160-11","volume":"31","author":"CG Liao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liao CG, Kong LM, Song F, Xing JL, Wang LX, Sun ZJ, et al. Characterization of basigin isoforms and the inhibitory function of basigin-3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion. Mol Cell Biol. 2011;31(13):2591\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mcb.05160-11.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5665_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00647-9","volume":"19","author":"O Raitakari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raitakari O, Pahkala K, Magnussen CG. Prevention of atherosclerosis from childhood. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(8):543\u2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-021-00647-9. \u200954.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"5665_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199806043382302","volume":"338","author":"GS Berenson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP 3rd, Tracy RE, Wattigney WA. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(23):1650\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejm199806043382302.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"5665_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Katoh K. Effects of Mechanical Stress on Endothelial Cells In Situ and In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242216518","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216518"},{"key":"5665_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798958","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.798958","volume":"8","author":"G Gallo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gallo G, Volpe M, Savoia C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:798958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.798958.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"14","key":"5665_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e012178","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.012178","volume":"8","author":"DN Vikulova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vikulova DN, Grubisic M, Zhao Y, Lynch K, Humphries KH, Pimstone SN, et al. Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Trends in Incidence, Risk Factors, and Sex-Related Differences, 2000 to 2016. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(14):e012178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.119.012178.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-4-447","volume":"85","author":"WB Kannel","year":"1976","unstructured":"Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara PM, Gordon T. Menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1976;85(4):447\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-85-4-447.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"5665_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.049","volume":"74","author":"N Ding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding N, Sang Y, Chen J, Ballew SH, Kalbaugh CA, Salameh MJ, et al. Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(4):498\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.05.049.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"5665_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Poznyak A, Grechko AV, Poggio P, Myasoedova VA, Alfieri V, Orekhov AN. The Diabetes Mellitus-Atherosclerosis Connection: The Role of Lipid and Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21051835.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051835"},{"key":"5665_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perry W, Justin L, Amgad NM. Dyslipidemia and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Evaluation and Targets for Treatment of Dyslipidemia Based on Recent Guidelines. In: Samy IM, editor Dyslipidemia. Rijeka: IntechOpen; 2019, p. Ch. 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/intechopen.85772","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.85772"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:06:18Z","timestamp":1781636778000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05665-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The original HECS was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of SUMC (No. B-2021-127), and informed consent was obtained from all recruited participants. Given the data in present study were de-identified with low risk to participants, the Human Research Ethics of Edith Cowan University waived the informed consent for the secondary analysis. The study adhered to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of 1975.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"287"}}