{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:10:02Z","timestamp":1778152202838,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases\u2013National Science and Technology Major Project","award":["No. 2023ZD0504404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023ZD0504404"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T23:34:35Z","timestamp":1774740875000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fangyi","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"5795_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.03.016","volume":"147","author":"S Gallagher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gallagher S, Jones DA, Lovell MJ, Hassan S, Wragg A, Kapur A, et al. The impact of acute kidney injury on midterm outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a matched propensity score analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;147(3):989\u201395.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"5795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.01.013","volume":"172","author":"L Ryd\u00e9n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryd\u00e9n L, Ahnve S, Bell M, Hammar N, Ivert T, Sartipy U, et al. Acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting and long-term risk of myocardial infarction and death. Int J Cardiol. 2014;172(1):190\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"5795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.4952","volume":"311","author":"AX Garg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garg AX, Devereaux PJ, Yusuf S, Cuerden MS, Parikh CR, Coca SG, et al. Kidney function after off-pump or on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(21):2191\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"5795_CR4","first-page":"1970","volume":"23","author":"JF Dasta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dasta JF, Kane-Gill SL, Durtschi AJ, Pathak DS, Kellum JA. Costs and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. Nephrol Dial Transplant Off Publ Eur Dial Transpl Assoc -. Eur Ren Assoc. 2008;23(6):1970\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur Ren Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"5795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.01.267","volume":"54","author":"SU Nigwekar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nigwekar SU, Kandula P, Hix JK, Thakar CV. Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found. 2009;54(3):413\u201323.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis Off J Natl Kidney Found"},{"key":"5795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353956","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1353956","volume":"11","author":"Y Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi Y, Duan H, Liu J, Shi X, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, et al. Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio is associated with all-cause mortality in patients with AKI: a cohort study. Front Nutr. 2024;11:1353956.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"issue":"19","key":"5795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10318","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910318","volume":"22","author":"DA Belinskaia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Shmurak VI, Jenkins RO, Goncharov NV. Serum Albumin in Health and Disease: Esterase, Antioxidant, Transporting and Signaling Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(19):10318.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1928-z","volume":"36","author":"CJ Wiedermann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wiedermann CJ, Wiedermann W, Joannidis M. Hypoalbuminemia and acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis of observational clinical studies. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(10):1657\u201365.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001347","volume":"125","author":"W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang W, Xue F. Assessing the Effect of Exogenous Albumin on the Incidence of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(6):1251\u20132.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5795_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-189111","volume":"69","author":"B Wernly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wernly B, Lichtenauer M, Vellinga NAR, Boerma EC, Ince C, Kelm M, et al. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) independently predicts mortality in critically ill patients admitted to ICU: A multicenter study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2018;69(1\u20132):123\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"5795_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.02.045","volume":"43","author":"S Ryu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ryu S, Oh SK, Cho SU, You Y, Park JS, Min JH, et al. Utility of the blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio as a prognostic factor of mortality in aspiration pneumonia patients. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;43:175\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"5795_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S356893","volume":"15","author":"T Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han T, Cheng T, Liao Y, Tang S, Liu B, He Y, et al. Analysis of the Value of the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res. 2022;15:1227\u201335.","journal-title":"J Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"5795_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e069503","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-069503","volume":"13","author":"F Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang F, Wang R, Lu W, Hu H, Li Z, Shui H. Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio for acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients with intracerebral haemorrhage: a retrospective cohort study using the MIMIC-IV database. BMJ Open. 2023;13(8):e069503.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"5795_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.378","volume":"85","author":"MD Okusa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okusa MD, Davenport A. Reading between the (guide)lines\u2013the KDIGO practice guideline on acute kidney injury in the individual patient. Kidney Int. 2014;85(1):39\u201348.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5795_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510919","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1510919","volume":"12","author":"K Han","year":"2025","unstructured":"Han K, Tao Y, Wang J, Lu J. Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio in septic patients with acute kidney injury-a retrospective study based on MIMIC database. Front Med. 2025;12:1510919.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"5795_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.113600","volume":"143","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhou J, Wang R, Wang Y, Luo S, Yang J, et al. Blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio predicts risk of acute kidney injury and in-hospital mortality associated with immunological and surgical diseases: A retrospective analysis of 1994 patients. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;143(Pt 3):113600.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5795_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.12.022","volume":"41","author":"SJ Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae SJ, Kim K, Yun SJ, Lee SH. Predictive performance of blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio in elderly patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;41:152\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5795_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13825","volume":"9","author":"Z Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Z, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Qi C, Chen Q, Li Y. Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio as a new prognostic indicator in critical patients with chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(2):1360\u20139.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"12","key":"5795_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-019-05760-5","volume":"45","author":"RW Haines","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haines RW, Zolfaghari P, Wan Y, Pearse RM, Puthucheary Z, Prowle JR. Elevated urea-to-creatinine ratio provides a biochemical signature of muscle catabolism and persistent critical illness after major trauma. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(12):1718\u201331.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5795_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.03.047","volume":"31","author":"CY Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen CY, Lin YR, Zhao LL, Yang WC, Chang YJ, Wu HP. Clinical factors in predicting acute renal failure caused by rhabdomyolysis in the ED. Am J Emerg Med. 2013;31(7):1062\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5795_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14205-2","volume":"7","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tanaka S, Ninomiya T, Taniguchi M, Tokumoto M, Masutani K, Ooboshi H, et al. Impact of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio on mortality and morbidity in hemodialysis patients: The Q-Cohort Study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14901.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5795_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02762-6","volume":"30","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang M, Zeng J, Ge Y, Chen W, Feng K, Cheng A, et al. Risk factors and prognosis of post-surgical acute kidney injury in elderly patients based on the MIMIC-IV database. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):491.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"5795_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.04.057","volume":"582","author":"M Roche","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roche M, Rondeau P, Singh NR, Tarnus E, Bourdon E. The antioxidant properties of serum albumin. FEBS Lett. 2008;582(13):1783\u20137.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"5795_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0894-0959.2004.17603.x","volume":"17","author":"BR Don","year":"2004","unstructured":"Don BR, Kaysen G. Serum albumin: relationship to inflammation and nutrition. Semin Dial. 2004;17(6):432\u20137.","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"5","key":"5795_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001051","volume":"124","author":"EH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee EH, Kim WJ, Kim JY, Chin JH, Choi DK, Sim JY, et al. Effect of Exogenous Albumin on the Incidence of Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with a Preoperative Albumin Level of Less Than 4.0\u00a0g\/dl. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(5):1001\u201311.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5795_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)09594-1","volume":"273","author":"MA Kaufmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaufmann MA, Castelli I, Pargger H, Drop LJ. Nitric oxide dose-response study in the isolated perfused rat kidney after inhibition of endothelium-derived relaxing factor synthesis: the role of serum albumin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995;273(2):855\u201362.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"5795_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2011.12.002","volume":"33","author":"G Fanali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fanali G, di Masi A, Trezza V, Marino M, Fasano M, Ascenzi P. Human serum albumin: from bench to bedside. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(3):209\u201390.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T10:10:39Z","timestamp":1778148639000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-05795-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"403"}}