{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T03:23:17Z","timestamp":1787282597929,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82300917"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82300917"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82341076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82341076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program","award":["PX20240203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PX20240203"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009592","name":"Beijing Municipal Science &Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Z151100004015021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z151100004015021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009592","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:14:36Z","timestamp":1781518476000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with elevated insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk, particularly in otherwise low-risk individuals: the Tongren health care study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Miao-Miao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong-Rong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Ning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Lian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6099_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022","volume":"153","author":"Hooi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hooi, et al. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:420\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.04.022.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"6099_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12234","volume":"21","author":"J Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun J, Rangan P, Bhat SS, Liu. A meta-analysis of the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and risk of coronary heart disease from published prospective studies. Helicobacter. 2016;21:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.12234.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"6099_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3787-8","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection as a risk factor for serum bilirubin change and less favourable lipid profiles: a hospital-based health examination survey. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-019-3787-8.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"6099_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12741","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12741","volume":"25 Suppl 1","author":"R Pellicano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellicano R, Ianiro G, Fagoonee S, Settanni CR, Gasbarrini. Review: extragastric diseases and Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter. 2020;25 Suppl 1:e12741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.12741.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"6099_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288","volume":"19","author":"M Di Cesare","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Cesare M, et al. The Heart of the World. Glob Heart. 2024;19:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gh.1288.","journal-title":"Glob Heart"},{"key":"6099_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","volume":"117","author":"RB D'Agostino Sr","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino RB Sr, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008;117:743\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6099_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0982-2","volume":"19","author":"J Alizargar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alizargar J, Bai CH, Hsieh NC, Wu S-G. Use of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) in cardiovascular disease patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-019-0982-2.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"6099_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034","volume":"6","author":"LE Simental-Mendia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simental-Mendia LE, Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero. The product of fasting glucose and triglycerides as surrogate for identifying insulin resistance in apparently healthy subjects. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2008;6:299\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2008.0034.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"6099_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9","volume":"23","author":"Dang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dang, et al. The association between triglyceride-glucose index and its combination with obesity indicators and cardiovascular disease: NHANES 2003-2018. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-02115-9.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"6099_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-021-00185-2","volume":"73","author":"Riad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riad. Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with coronary artery disease: is it an independent risk factor? Egypt Heart J. 2021;73:61. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43044-021-00185-2.","journal-title":"Egypt Heart J"},{"key":"6099_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794445","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.794445","volume":"9","author":"Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong, et al. An updated meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of coronary heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:794445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.794445.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"6099_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7117.1199","volume":"315","author":"NJ Wald","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wald NJ, Law MR, Morris JK, Bagnall. Helicobacter pylori infection and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: negative result from a large, prospective study. BMJ. 1997;315:1199\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.315.7117.1199.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6099_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003354","volume":"42","author":"CC Xue","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xue CC, et al. Gunn\u2019s DOTS as indicators of renal function, findings from the Tongren health care study. Retina. 2022;42:789\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003354.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"6099_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-023-01973-7","volume":"22","author":"Khalaji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khalaji, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22:244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-023-01973-7.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"6099_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2017.16557","volume":"28","author":"Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, et al. Decreasing prevalence of Helicobacter pylori according to birth cohorts in urban China. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2017;28:94\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/tjg.2017.16557.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6099_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147916412095362","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164120953626","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang, et al. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection to peripheral arterial stiffness and 10-year cardiovascular risk in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2020;17:1479164120953626. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1479164120953626.","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"6099_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i1.19","volume":"7","author":"V Sharma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sharma V, Aggarwal A. Helicobacter pylori: does it add to risk of coronary artery disease. World J Cardiol. 2015;7:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4330\/wjc.v7.i1.19.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"key":"6099_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-025-04259-2","volume":"25","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Q, Yan R, Wu X, Guo H, Wu J. Effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric cancer, obesity and esophageal diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2025;25:839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-025-04259-2.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6099_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s40842-021-00131-w","volume":"7","author":"A Baradaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baradaran A, et al. The association between Helicobacter pylori and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;7:15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40842-021-00131-w.","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"6099_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142387","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1142387","volume":"13","author":"L Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang L, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection selectively attenuates endothelial function in male mice via exosomes-mediated ROS production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1142387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1142387.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"6099_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881372","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.881372","volume":"9","author":"X Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia X, et al. CagA(+) Helicobacter pylori, Not CagA(-) Helicobacter pylori, infection impairs endothelial function through exosomes-mediated ROS formation. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:881372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.881372.","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"6099_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310005622","volume":"38","author":"Byrne","year":"2003","unstructured":"Byrne, et al. Helicobacter pylori induces cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vascular endothelial cells. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2003;38:1023\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365520310005622.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"6099_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105362","volume":"162","author":"KH Rasool","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rasool KH, Mahmood Alubadi AE, Al-Bayati. The role of serum Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-6 in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients. Microb Pathog. 2022;162:105362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105362.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"6099_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2024.100981","volume":"50","author":"Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, et al. IL-6 facilitates cross-talk between epithelial cells and tumor-associated macrophages in Helicobacter pylori-linked gastric carcinogenesis. Neoplasia. 2024;50:100981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neo.2024.100981.","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"6099_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072802","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1072802","volume":"13","author":"Malespin-Bendana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malespin-Bendana, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection induces gastric precancerous lesions and persistent expression of Angpt2, Vegf-A and Tnf-A in a mouse model. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1072802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2023.1072802.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"6099_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12783","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12783","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection decreases risk for dyslipidemia: a cohort study. Helicobacter. 2021;26:e12783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hel.12783.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T02:28:22Z","timestamp":1787279302000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06099-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-9310779\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (TRECKY2018-033). As this was a retrospective study using anonymized data obtained from routine health examinations and involved no additional interventions, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for additional study-specific informed consent. In addition, as part of the hospital\u2019s standard pre-examination procedure, all individuals undergoing health examinations had signed written informed consent prior to participation, authorizing their examination results and clinical data to be used for scientific research purposes. Therefore, all data used in the present study were covered by the informed consent previously provided by all participants. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"734"}}