{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:38:35Z","timestamp":1792787915250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the 2025 Scientific Research Projects (Natural Science Category) of Anhui Provincial Department of Education","award":["2025AHGXZK30867"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AHGXZK30867"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/012m7k033","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Cultivation Program for Distinguished Teachers (Master Craftsmen) of Vocational Colleges in Anhui Province for the New Era"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T23:04:12Z","timestamp":1784070252000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Obesity and shorter QT intervals: sex- and adiposity distribution-specific patterns of ventricular repolarization in healthy Asian youth"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1952-9190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuechun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juxia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.154","volume":"15","author":"C Andersson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Andersson C, Vasan RS. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in young individuals. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018;15:230\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.154.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"6285_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Jauhari SM, Chan SP, Goh R, Kueh MTW, et al. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Projections from 2025 to 2050. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024;zwae281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae281"},{"key":"6285_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000308","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000308","volume":"1","author":"KHK Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel KHK, Reddy RK, Sau A, Sivanandarajah P, Ardissino M, Ng FS. Obesity as a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias. BMJ Med. 2022;1:e000308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000308.","journal-title":"BMJ Med"},{"key":"6285_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)61307-0","volume":"372","author":"H Morita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morita H, Wu J, Zipes DP. The QT syndromes: Long and short. Lancet. 2008;372:750\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(08)61307-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"6285_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.044","volume":"6","author":"S Viskin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viskin S. The QT interval: Too long, too short or just right. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:711\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.02.044.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"6285_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2020.1770269","volume":"48","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen H, Wang X, Xiong C, Zou H. The negative effects of obesity on heart, especially the electrophysiology of the heart. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2020;48:1055\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21691401.2020.1770269.","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"6285_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12390","volume":"17","author":"J Omran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Omran J, Firwana B, Koerber S, Bostick B, Alpert MA. Effect of obesity and weight loss on ventricular repolarization: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17:520\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12390.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"s2","key":"6285_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.05.010","volume":"7","author":"C Antzelevitch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antzelevitch C. Cardiac repolarization. The long and short of it. EP Europace. 2005;7(s2):S3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eupc.2005.05.010.","journal-title":"EP Europace"},{"key":"6285_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm15030105","volume":"15","author":"A Boulmpou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boulmpou A, Giannopoulos A, Papadopoulos C, Giannopoulos G, Papagiannis I, Zormpas G, et al. The uncommon phenomenon of short QT syndrome: A scoping review of the literature. J Pers Med. 2025;15:105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm15030105.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6285_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/86.2.353","volume":"86","author":"SA Lear","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, Chockalingam A, Frohlich JJ, Birmingham CL. Visceral adipose tissue accumulation differs according to ethnic background: results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(2):353\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/86.2.353.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"6285_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002956","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002956","volume":"5","author":"R Santhanakrishnan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santhanakrishnan R, Wang N, Larson MG, Magnani JM, Vasan RS, Wang TJ, et al. Racial differences in electrocardiographic characteristics and prognostic significance in whites versus asians. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e002956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.115.002956.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"6285_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2005.05.010","volume":"94","author":"AF James","year":"2007","unstructured":"James AF, Choisy SCM, Hancox JC. Recent advances in understanding sex differences in cardiac repolarization. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2007;94:265\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2005.05.010.","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"6285_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.03.032","volume":"30","author":"R Tadros","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tadros R, Ton AT, Fiset C, Nattel S. Sex differences in cardiac electrophysiology and clinical arrhythmias: Epidemiology, therapeutics, and mechanisms. Can J Cardiol. 2014;30:783\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2014.03.032.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"6285_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang J, Wu J, Chen J, Ding X, Zhu D, Peng Z, Wang J. From Empirical to More Precise Correction: Multidimensional Performance Evaluation of QTc Formulas in a Cohort of Healthy Asian Youth. J Am Heart Assoc. 2026 Mar;18:e046279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.125.046279.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.125.046279"},{"key":"6285_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vandenberk B, Vandael E, Robyns T, Vandenberghe J, Garweg C, Foulon V, et al. Which QT correction formulae to use for QT monitoring? J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.116.003264.","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.116.003264"},{"key":"6285_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv405","volume":"18","author":"M Baumert","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baumert M, Porta A, Vos MA, Malik M, Couderc J-P, Laguna P, et al. QT interval variability in body surface ECG: Measurement, physiological basis, and clinical value: position statement and consensus guidance endorsed by the european heart rhythm association jointly with the ESC working group on cardiac cellular electrophysiology. Europace. 2016;18:925\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/euv405.","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"6285_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.12290\/xhyxzz.2024-0918","volume":"16","author":"Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China","year":"2025","unstructured":"Department of Medical Administration, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China. Chinese Guidelines for the Clinical Management of Obesity (2024 Edition). Med J Peking Union Med Coll Hosp. 2025;16:90\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12290\/xhyxzz.2024-0918.","journal-title":"Med J Peking Union Med Coll Hosp"},{"key":"6285_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.118.033943","volume":"138","author":"AS Vink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vink AS, Neumann B, Lieve KVV, Sinner MF, Hofman N, El Kadi S, et al. Determination and Interpretation of the QT Interval: Comprehensive Analysis of a Large Cohort of Long QT Syndrome Patients and Controls. Circulation. 2018;138:2345\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.118.033943.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"6285_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00962-1","volume":"36","author":"M Malik","year":"2000","unstructured":"Malik M, Batchvarov VN. Measurement, interpretation and clinical potential of QT dispersion. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1749\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0735-1097(00)00962-1.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6285_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v7.i6.315","volume":"7","author":"SW Rabkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rabkin SW, Cheng XB. Nomenclature, categorization and usage of formulae to adjust QT interval for heart rate. World J Cardiol. 2015;7(6):315\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4330\/wjc.v7.i6.315.","journal-title":"World J Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6285_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15(2):155\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6285_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278","volume":"41","author":"WG Hopkins","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, et al. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31818cb278.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"6285_CR23","unstructured":"Python Software Foundation. Python Language Reference (Version 3.12) [Computer software]. 2023. https:\/\/www.python.org\/."},{"key":"6285_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X10666140514103612","volume":"10","author":"P Postema","year":"2014","unstructured":"Postema P, Wilde A. The measurement of the QT interval. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2014;10:287\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1573403X10666140514103612.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"6285_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Grissom RJ, Kim JJ. Effect sizes for research: univariate and multivariate applications. 1st ed. Routledge; 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781410612915.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781410612915"},{"issue":"12","key":"6285_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280220932189","volume":"29","author":"JW Bartlett","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bartlett JW, Hughes RA. Bootstrap inference for multiple imputation under uncongeniality and misspecification. Stat Methods Med Res. 2020;29(12):3533\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0962280220932189.","journal-title":"Stat Methods Med Res"},{"key":"6285_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Belsley DA, Kuh E, Welsch RE. Regression diagnostics: Identifying influential data and sources of collinearity. Wiley; 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/0471725153.","DOI":"10.1002\/0471725153"},{"key":"6285_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470434697","volume-title":"Robust Statistics","author":"PJ Huber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huber PJ, Ronchetti EM. Robust Statistics. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009.","edition":"2"},{"key":"6285_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrell FE. Regression modeling strategies: With applications to linear models, logistic and ordinal regression, and survival analysis. 2nd ed. Springer; 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"6285_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/brm.40.3.879","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preacher KJ, Hayes AF. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(3):879\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/brm.40.3.879.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"6285_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1257\/jep.15.4.143","volume":"15","author":"R Koenker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Koenker R, Hallock KF. Quantile Regression. J Econ Perspect. 2001;15(4):143\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1257\/jep.15.4.143.","journal-title":"J Econ Perspect"},{"key":"6285_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12028","volume":"76","author":"Y Benjamini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Bogomolov M. Selective inference on multiple families of hypotheses. J R Stat Soc B. 2014;76:297\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/rssb.12028.","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"issue":"6","key":"6285_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015357","volume":"18","author":"M Stramba-Badiale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stramba-Badiale M, Locati EH, Martinelli A, et al. Gender and the relationship between ventricular repolarization and cardiac cycle length during 24-h holter recordings. Eur Heart J. 1997;18(6):1000\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015357.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"6285_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.132","volume":"19","author":"LA Gondoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gondoni LA, Titon AM, Montano M, Caetani G, Nibbio F, Schwartz PJ. The myth of QT shortening by weight loss and physical training in obese subjects with coronary heart disease. Obesity. 2011;19:200\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2010.132.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"6285_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13123587","volume":"13","author":"IA Dykiert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dykiert IA, Kraik K, Jurczenko L, Ga\u0107 P, Por\u0119ba R, Por\u0119ba M. The effect of obesity on repolarization and other ECG parameters. J Clin Med. 2024;13:3587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13123587.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6285_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.12.033","volume":"119","author":"X Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo X, Li Z, Guo L, Yu S, Yang H, Zheng L, et al. Effects of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity on prolongation of corrected QT interval. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119:1199\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.12.033.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"6285_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0054","volume":"95","author":"A Durak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Durak A, Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Karaomerlioglu I, Kayki Mutlu G, Arioglu Inan E, et al. Onset of decreased heart work is correlated with increased heart rate and shortened QT interval in high-carbohydrate fed overweight rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2017;95:1335\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/cjpp-2017-0054.","journal-title":"Can J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6285_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094827","volume":"50","author":"H Dhutia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dhutia H, Malhotra A, Parpia S, et al. The prevalence and significance of a short QT interval in 18,825 low-risk individuals including athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(2):124\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094827.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"6285_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.01.009","volume":"6","author":"R Kobza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kobza R, Roos M, Niggli B, et al. Prevalence of long and short QT in a young population of 41,767 predominantly male Swiss conscripts. Heart rhythm. 2009;6(5):652\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.01.009.","journal-title":"Heart rhythm"},{"key":"6285_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2013.0107","volume":"12","author":"SW Rabkin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rabkin SW. The Relationship Between Epicardial Fat and Indices of Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2014;12:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2013.0107.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"6285_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H129","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00565.2021","volume":"322","author":"KHK Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel KHK, Hwang T, Se Liebers C, Ng FS. Epicardial adipose tissue as a mediator of cardiac arrhythmias. Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol. 2022;322:H129\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00565.2021.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"6285_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3606","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25163606","volume":"25","author":"SJ Jhuo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jhuo SJ, Liu IH, Tsai WC, Chou TW, Lin YH, Wu B-N, et al. Effects of Secretome from Fat Tissues on Ion Currents of Cardiomyocyte Modulated by Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitor. Molecules. 2020;25:3606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules25163606.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"6285_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.05.011","volume":"19","author":"AC Ernault","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ernault AC, Verkerk AO, Bayer JD, Aras K, Monta\u00f1\u00e9s-Agudo P, Mohan RA, et al. Secretome of atrial epicardial adipose tissue facilitates reentrant arrhythmias by myocardial remodeling. Heart Rhythm. 2022;19:1461\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2022.05.011.","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"issue":"12","key":"6285_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0316701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0316701","volume":"19","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li B, Chen Y, Zhao M, et al. Obesity-induced activation of NADPH oxidase 2 prolongs cardiac repolarization via inhibiting K+ currents. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(12):e0316701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0316701.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6285_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costa S, Saguner AM, Gasperetti A, Akdis D, Brunckhorst C, Duru F. The link between sex hormones and susceptibility to cardiac arrhythmias: From molecular basis to clinical implications. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2021;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2021.644279.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.644279"},{"issue":"1","key":"6285_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.008","volume":"115","author":"T Furukawa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Furukawa T, Kurokawa J. Regulation of cardiac ion channels via non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones: Implication for the gender difference in cardiac arrhythmias. Pharmacol Ther. 2007;115(1):106\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.008.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"6285_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.06.023","volume":"11","author":"KE Odening","year":"2014","unstructured":"Odening KE, Koren. G.How do sex hormones modify arrhythmogenesis in long QT syndrome? Sex hormone effects on arrhythmogenic substrate and triggered activity. Heart rhythm. 2014;11(11):2107\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.06.023.","journal-title":"Heart rhythm"},{"key":"6285_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2005.00384.x","volume":"20","author":"J Cheng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheng J. Evidences of the gender-related differences in cardiac repolarization and the underlying mechanisms in different animal species and human. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2006;20:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2005.00384.x.","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"6285_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00429-1","volume":"53","author":"T Pham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pham T. Sex, hormones, and repolarization. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;53:740\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0008-6363(01)00429-1.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"6285_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01586.x","volume":"187","author":"AO Verkerk","year":"2006","unstructured":"Verkerk AO, Wilders R, De Geringel W, Tan HL. Cellular basis of sex disparities in human cardiac electrophysiology. Acta Physiol. 2006;187:459\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2006.01586.x.","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6285_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.03.046","volume":"9","author":"GK Panicker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Panicker GK, Manohar D, Karnad DR, et al. Early repolarization and short QT interval in healthy subjects. Heart rhythm. 2012;9(8):1265\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrthm.2012.03.046.","journal-title":"Heart rhythm"},{"key":"6285_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b212021","volume":"36","author":"J Kurokawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kurokawa J, Furukawa T. Non-genomic action of sex steroid hormones and cardiac repolarization. Biol Pharm Bull. 2013;36:8\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b212021.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"6285_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00609-0","volume":"12","author":"M Vasheghani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vasheghani M, Sarvghadi F, Beyranvand MR, Emami H. The relationship between QT interval indices with cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: A case control study. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-00609-0.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"6285_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-013-1228-x","volume":"465","author":"P Smetana","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smetana P, Malik M. Sex differences in cardiac autonomic regulation and in repolarisation electrocardiography. Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. 2013;465:699\u2013717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00424-013-1228-x.","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:26:33Z","timestamp":1791357993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6285"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06285-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Anqing Medical College (Approval No. 2025-02-004). All participants provided written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"886"}}