{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:48:03Z","timestamp":1791820083167,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:13:44Z","timestamp":1784250824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical value of RT-3DE in evaluating mitral valve configuration and the occurrence of VFMR in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: a clinical investigation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wenshu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aoyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"6296_CR1","first-page":"e35","volume":"143","author":"CM Otto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines[J]. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35\u201371.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"6296_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1574","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2021-001574","volume":"8","author":"C Okamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okamoto C, Okada A, Nishimura K, et al. Prognostic comparison of atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation[J]. Open Heart. 2021;8(1):e1574.","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"6","key":"6296_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2022.03.001","volume":"33","author":"M Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar M, Thompson PD, Chen K. New Perspective on pathophysiology and management of functional mitral regurgitation[J]. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023;33(6):386\u201392.","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6296_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.21037\/acs-2020-mv-15","volume":"10","author":"D Grinberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grinberg D, Uhlrich W, Thivolet S, et al. The unfinished saga of invasive procedures for secondary mitral regurgitation[J]. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2021;10(1):66\u201374.","journal-title":"Ann Cardiothorac Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"6296_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009689","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.122.009689","volume":"15","author":"A Milwidsky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Milwidsky A, Mathai SV, Topilsky Y, et al. Medical therapy for functional mitral regurgitation[J]. Circ Heart Fail. 2022;15(9):e009689.","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"issue":"24","key":"6296_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806640","volume":"379","author":"GW Stone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, et al. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure[J]. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2307\u201318.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"6296_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805374","volume":"379","author":"JF Obadia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation[J]. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2297\u2013306.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"6296_CR8","first-page":"737","volume":"21","author":"S Hou Jie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hou Jie S, Libo YZ, et al. Prediction of surgical method change during mitral regurgitation based on mitral valve calcification score of plain CT of the heart [J]. Interventional Imaging Ther China. 2024;21(12):737\u201341.","journal-title":"Interventional Imaging Ther China"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR9","first-page":"266","volume":"33","author":"L Wang Huan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Huan L, Yuman H, Lin, et al. Progress in the application of transesophageal three-dimensional echocardiography of valve configuration in patients with mitral regurgitation [J]. Chin J Ultrasound Imaging. 2024;33(3):266\u201370.","journal-title":"Chin J Ultrasound Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"6296_CR10","first-page":"1121","volume":"40","author":"Ma Chunyan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Chunyan. Current Status of Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Echocardiography [J]. Chin Med Imaging Technol. 2024;40(8):1121\u20133.","journal-title":"Chin Med Imaging Technol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6296_CR11","first-page":"1013","volume":"25","author":"L Xue Jiping","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xue Jiping L, Hong K, Chunsong, et al. Study on the Evaluation of Mitral Valve Configuration in Healthy Individuals by Three-Dimensional Transthoracic and transesophageal Ultrasound [J]. Chin J Ultrasound Imaging. 2016;25(12):1013\u201320.","journal-title":"Chin J Ultrasound Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"6296_CR12","first-page":"461","volume":"29","author":"UM Branch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Echocardiography Group, Branch UM, Chinese Medical Association; Echocardiography Professional Committee, Branch C, Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Clinical Application Guidelines for Echocardiography in Evaluating Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic Functions [J]. Chin J Ultrasound Imaging. 2020;29(6):461\u201377.","journal-title":"Chin J Ultrasound Imaging"},{"issue":"9","key":"6296_CR13","first-page":"680","volume":"46","author":"Interventional Cardiology Group of the Cardiovascular Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease Group of the Cardiovascular Branch of the Chinese Medical Association","year":"2018","unstructured":"Interventional Cardiology Group of the Cardiovascular Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease Group of the Cardiovascular Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Thrombosis Prevention and Treatment Professional Committee of the Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Physicians Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, etc. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Stable Coronary Heart Disease [J]. Chin J Cardiovasc Dis. 2018;46(9):680\u201394.","journal-title":"Chin J Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6296_CR14","first-page":"109","volume":"36","author":"Cardiovascular Imaging Group of Cardiovascular Disease Branch, Chinese Medical Association; Imaging Group of Cardiovascular Disease Society, Beijing Medical Association","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cardiovascular Imaging Group of Cardiovascular Disease Branch, Chinese Medical Association; Imaging Group of Cardiovascular Disease Society, Beijing Medical Association. Expert Consensus on Standardized Echocardiographic Examination for Valvular Heart Disease in Chinese Adults [J]. Chin J Circulation. 2021;36(2):109\u201325.","journal-title":"Chin J Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-023-02204-5","volume":"113","author":"T Dissabandara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dissabandara T, Lin K, Forwood M, et al. Validating real-time three-dimensional echocardiography against cardiac magnetic resonance, for the determination of ventricular mass, volume and ejection fraction: a meta-analysis[J]. Clin Res Cardiol. 2024;113(3):367\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Res Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6296_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2022.02.008","volume":"16","author":"A Reid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reid A, Ben Zekry S, Naoum C, et al. Geometric differences of the mitral valve apparatus in atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation[J]. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2022;16(5):431\u201341.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"6","key":"6296_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.12.098","volume":"164","author":"SA Hirji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hirji SA, Cote CL, Javadikasgari H, et al. Atrial functional versus ventricular functional mitral regurgitation: Prognostic implications[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022;164(6):1808\u201315.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13896","volume":"9","author":"M Masuda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Masuda M, Sekiya K, Asai M, et al. Influence of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation on atrial and ventricular functional mitral regurgitation[J]. ESC Heart Fail. 2022;9(3):1901\u201313.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"24","key":"6296_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.09.046","volume":"80","author":"S Farhan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farhan S, Silbiger JJ, Halperin JL, et al. Pathophysiology, echocardiographic diagnosis, and treatment of atrial functional mitral regurgitation[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;80(24):2314\u201330.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)39144-5","volume":"86","author":"A Carpentier","year":"1983","unstructured":"Carpentier A. Cardiac valve surgery\u2013the French correction[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;86(3):323\u201337.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"6296_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1483","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001483","volume":"8","author":"M von Stumm","year":"2021","unstructured":"von Stumm M, Dudde F, Holst T, et al. Predicting clinical outcome by indexed mitral valve tenting in functional mitral valve regurgitation[J]. Open Heart. 2021;8(1):e1483.","journal-title":"Open Heart"},{"issue":"7","key":"6296_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.02.017","volume":"34","author":"T Buck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buck T, Eiswirth N, Farah A, et al. Recurrence of functional versus organic mitral regurgitation after transcatheter mitral valve repair: implications from three-dimensional echocardiographic analysis of mitral valve geometry and left ventricular dilation for a point of no return[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2021;34(7):744\u201356.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"4","key":"6296_CR23","first-page":"392","volume":"36","author":"S Haoning","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haoning S. The influence of statins on the severity of coronary artery lesions and clinical prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease [J]. Chin Crit Care Med. 2024;36(4):392\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6296_CR24","first-page":"712","volume":"26","author":"L Zhang Jing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Jing L, Yaliang L, Yuan, et al. Ultrasound image analysis of Cardiac Valve Injury in familial hypercholesterolemia [J]. Chin J Geriatric Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis. 2024;26(6):712\u20134.","journal-title":"Chin J Geriatric Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"6296_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2021.01","volume":"16","author":"KK Yeo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeo KK, Tan J, Muller DW, et al. Asian pacific society of cardiology consensus recommendations on the use of Mitraclip for mitral regurgitation[J]. Eur Cardiol. 2021;16:e25.","journal-title":"Eur Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6296_CR26","first-page":"246","volume":"34","author":"Y Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu Y, Junying C, Xin Y, et al. Analysis of the short-term efficacy of echocardiography in the treatment of coronary heart disease complicated with Severe ischemic mitral regurgitation [J]. Chin J Clin Med Imaging. 2023;34(4):246\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Med Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"6296_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.11.024","volume":"164","author":"T Kono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kono T, Onohara D, Amedi A, et al. Effect of early versus late onset mitral regurgitation on left ventricular remodeling in ischemic cardiomyopathy in an animal model[J]. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2022;164(6):e333\u201347.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28101","volume":"56","author":"XL Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen XL, Gao Y, Guo YK, et al. Effect of mitral regurgitation on left ventricular deformation in myocardial infarction patients: evaluation by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2022;56(3):790\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"6296_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07658-z","volume":"31","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhao L, Zhu E, et al. Predictors of moderate to severe ischemic mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction: a cardiac magnetic resonance study[J]. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(8):5650\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6296_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv680","volume":"37","author":"V Kamperidis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kamperidis V, Marsan NA, Delgado V, et al. Left ventricular systolic function assessment in secondary mitral regurgitation: left ventricular ejection fraction vs. speckle tracking global longitudinal strain[J]. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(10):811\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6296_CR31","first-page":"354","volume":"19","author":"C Zhou Dingwen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Dingwen C, Wen W. Evaluation of Left Ventricular Torsional Motion Changes in Patients with Mitral Regurgitation before and after Mitral Valvuloplasty Using Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging [J]. Chin J Integr Traditional Western Med Imaging. 2021;19(4):354\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin J Integr Traditional Western Med Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"6296_CR32","first-page":"536","volume":"40","author":"Z Nie Shuting","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie Shuting Z, Chang S, Yuanyuan, et al. Study on the Geometric Morphological Changes of the mitral valve and Its Correlation with Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Moderate to Severe Functional Mitral Regurgitation Evaluated by Ultrasound [J]. Chin J Ultrasound Med. 2024;40(5):536\u201340.","journal-title":"Chin J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"6296_CR33","first-page":"89","volume":"8","author":"Z Dou Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dou Pan Z, Xueliang Y, Bo, et al. Clinical study on evaluating left ventricular systolic function and torsional motion in patients after PCI for coronary heart disease by real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging technology [J]. Clin Med Res Pract. 2023;8(10):89\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Med Res Pract"},{"key":"6296_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.10.004","volume":"345","author":"T Hasin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hasin T, Mann D, Welt M, et al. Loss of left ventricular rotation is a significant determinant of functional mitral regurgitation[J]. Int J Cardiol. 2021;345:143\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6296_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2020.08.019","volume":"14","author":"K Hirasawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hirasawa K, Namazi F, Milhorini Pio S, et al. Insufficient mitral leaflet remodeling in relation to annular dilation and risk of residual mitral regurgitation after mitraclip implantation[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(4):756\u201365.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"6296_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2018.11.006","volume":"12","author":"PA Grayburn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grayburn PA, Sannino A, Packer M. Proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation[J]. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12(2):353\u201362.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"6296_CR37","first-page":"571","volume":"39","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Tan L, Yi Z, et al. Evaluation and progress of Proportional and disproportionate mitral regurgitation by echocardiography [J]. J Clin Cardiovasc Dis. 2023;39(8):571\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6296_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030645","volume":"11","author":"S Cimino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cimino S, Agati L, Filomena D, et al. 3D echo characterization of proportionate and disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation before and after percutaneous mitral valve repair[J]. J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):645.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6296_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.7200","volume":"6","author":"J Lindenfeld","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, Grayburn PA, et al. Association of effective regurgitation orifice area to left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio with transcatheter mitral valve repair outcomes[J]. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(4):427.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6296_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2021.08.002","volume":"35","author":"JF Ooms","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ooms JF, Bouwmeester S, Debonnaire P, et al. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in proportionate versus disproportionate functional mitral regurgitation[J]. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2022;35(1):105\u201315.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:03:22Z","timestamp":1791817402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06296-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Clinical Medical Science College of China Three Gorges University, & Yichang Central People\u2019s Hospital Ethics Committee, Ethics No. 2023-139-01. And the study was carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects had signed informed consent forms.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"903"}}