{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:05:50Z","timestamp":1789106750344,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785456000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cardiovasc Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood pressure-related cardiovascular risk follows a continuous pattern rather than a dichotomous threshold-based model. In this context, the 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC 2024) guidelines emphasize elevated blood pressure as an intermediate-risk category. Low-grade systemic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, data regarding inflammatory alterations in individuals with elevated blood pressure remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective cross-sectional study included adults aged 18\u201365 years attending a general internal medicine outpatient clinic. Participants were classified into three groups based on office blood pressure measurements according to the 2024 ESC guidelines: non-elevated blood pressure, elevated blood pressure, and newly diagnosed hypertension (NDH). Inflammatory and hematological markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and C-reactive protein (CRP), were compared across groups. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify independent associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 284 individuals were included (mean age 46.7\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 years; 65.5% male). Nearly half of the cohort was classified as having elevated blood pressure, while 27.5% had NDH. Age, MPV, and CRP differed significantly across blood pressure categories. MPV was significantly higher in the NDH group and remained independently associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure after adjustment for age and NLR. NLR showed weak correlations with systolic blood pressure but was not independently associated in multivariable analyses, while PLR and MLR did not differ significantly across blood pressure categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory and hematological differences were most evident in newly diagnosed hypertension. Mean platelet volume was independently associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The temporal and mechanistic significance of this association cannot be determined from this cross-sectional study and requires confirmation in longitudinal research. The 2024 ESC blood pressure classification highlights elevated blood pressure as a clinically relevant intermediate-risk state and underscores the potential value of readily available hematological markers in early cardiovascular risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:24:59Z","timestamp":1785475499000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mean platelet volume is independently associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure: a retrospective cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3582-9663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kemal Ozan","family":"Lule","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Ozsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamit","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"6381_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"G Mancia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstr\u00f6m M, Burnier M, Grassi G, Januszewicz A, et al. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension and the European Renal Association. J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"38","key":"6381_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178","volume":"45","author":"JW McEvoy","year":"2024","unstructured":"McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension: developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO). Eur Heart J. 2024;45(38):3912\u20134018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae178.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"6381_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002191","volume":"37","author":"M Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han M, Li Q, Liu L, Zhang D, Ren Y, Zhao Y, et al. Prehypertension and risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of 47 cohort studies. J Hypertens. 2019;37(12):2325\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002191.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"18","key":"6381_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa003417","volume":"345","author":"RS Vasan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Evans JC, O\u2019Donnell CJ, Kannel WB, et al. Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(18):1291\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa003417.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6381_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2016","volume":"97","author":"B Rodriguez-Iturbe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Pons H, Johnson RJ. Role of the immune system in hypertension. Physiol Rev. 2017;97(3):1127\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00031.2016.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"6381_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319715615252","volume":"67","author":"S Balta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balta S, Ozturk C, Balta I, Demirkol S, Demir M, Celik T, et al. The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and inflammation. Angiology. 2016;67(3):298\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003319715615252.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"6381_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02070.x","volume":"63","author":"L Vizioli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vizioli L, Muscari S, Muscari A. The relationship of mean platelet volume with the risk and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Int J Clin Pract. 2009;63(10):1509\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2009.02070.x.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"6381_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-017-0507-4","volume":"17","author":"H Ji","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ji H, Li Y, Fan Z, Zuo B, Jian X, Li L, et al. Monocyte\/lymphocyte ratio predicts the severity of coronary artery disease: a SYNTAX score assessment. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2017;17(1):90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-017-0507-4.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"6381_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2018.81353","volume":"43","author":"P Skrzypczyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skrzypczyk P, Przychodzie\u0144 J, Bombi\u0144ska M, Kaczmarska Z, Mazur M, Pa\u0144czyk-Tomaszewska M. Complete blood count-derived inflammatory markers in adolescents with primary arterial hypertension: a preliminary report. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2018;43(4):434\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ceji.2018.81353.","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"6381_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263585","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/263585","volume":"2011","author":"J Steppan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steppan J, Barodka V, Berkowitz DE, Nyhan D. Vascular stiffness and increased pulse pressure in the aging cardiovascular system. Cardiol Res Pract. 2011;2011:263585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4061\/2011\/263585.","journal-title":"Cardiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"6381_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03617","volume":"65","author":"Z Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun Z. Aging, arterial stiffness, and hypertension. Hypertension. 2015;65(2):252\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03617.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"6381_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2017.30","volume":"40","author":"G Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li G, Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Du J. Association between mean platelet volume and hypertension incidence. Hypertens Res. 2017;40:779\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2017.30.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6381_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3109\/08037051.2010.532317","volume":"20","author":"M Yarlioglues","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yarlioglues M, Kaya MG, Ardic I, Dogdu O, Kasapkara HA, Gunturk E, et al. Relationship between mean platelet volume levels and subclinical target organ damage in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. Blood Press. 2011;20(2):92\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08037051.2010.532317.","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"6381_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.18410\/jebmh\/2020\/382","volume":"7","author":"L Rajagopal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rajagopal L, Paramasivam YG. Role of mean platelet volume as a predictive marker for hypertensive vascular complications: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care hospital. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2020;7:1839\u201343.","journal-title":"J Evid Based Med Healthc"},{"key":"6381_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221438","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1221438","volume":"10","author":"D Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das D, Shruthi NR, Banerjee A, Jothimani G, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Endothelial dysfunction, platelet hyperactivity, hypertension, and the metabolic syndrome: molecular insights and combating strategies. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1221438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1221438.","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"6381_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11020224","volume":"11","author":"K Pluta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pluta K, Por\u0119bska K, Urbanowicz T, G\u0105secka A, Olasi\u0144ska-Wi\u015bniewska A, Targo\u0144ski R, et al. Platelet-leucocyte aggregates as novel biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Biology (Basel). 2022;11:224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology11020224.","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6381_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1093\/ajh\/hpv034","volume":"28","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu X, Zhang Q, Wu H, Du H, Liu L, Shi H, et al. Blood neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28(11):1339\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajh\/hpv034.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"2","key":"6381_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repc.2016.12.003","volume":"36","author":"J Pol\u00f3nia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pol\u00f3nia J. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and ambulatory blood pressure: exploring the link between inflammation and hypertension. Rev Port Cardiol. 2017;36(2):107\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.repc.2016.12.003.","journal-title":"Rev Port Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"6381_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.052","volume":"49","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ridker PM. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(21):2129\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.052.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6381_CR20","first-page":"114","volume":"19","author":"N Bayrakci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bayrakci N, Ozkayar N, Akyel F, Ates I, Akyel S, Dede F. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as an inflammation marker in non-dipper hypertensive patients. Hippokratia. 2015;19(2):114\u20138.","journal-title":"Hippokratia"},{"issue":"4","key":"6381_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pbj.0000000000000220","volume":"8","author":"R Pinho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinho R, Ribeiro R, Ferr\u00e3o D, Medeiros R, Lima MJ, Almeida J, et al. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as an indirect outcome predictor in primary hypertension. Porto Biomed J. 2023;8(4):e220.","journal-title":"Porto Biomed J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6381_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-2010-1327","volume":"45","author":"E Varol","year":"2010","unstructured":"Varol E, Akcay S, Icli A, Yucel H, Ozkan E, Erdogan D, et al. Mean platelet volume in patients with prehypertension and hypertension. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2010;45(1):67\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/CH-2010-1327.","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"key":"6381_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheon DY, Han KD, Lee YJ, Lee JH, Park MS, Lee SJ, et al. Cardiovascular risk across blood pressure categories defined by the 2024 ESC and 2023 ESH hypertension guidelines: insights from a Korean nationwide cohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf573.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwaf573"}],"container-title":["BMC Cardiovascular Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T05:06:47Z","timestamp":1789103207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6381"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12872-026-06381-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2261"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2261","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Gaziantep University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Number:2025\/226, Date: 24\/09\/2025). This study was conducted using anonymized retrospective data obtained from hospital archive records. Individual informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of fully anonymized data. Institutional permission for data use was obtained from Gaziantep \u015eahinbey Research and Practice Hospital Administration. As this was a retrospective, non-interventional observational study, prospective clinical trial registration was not applicable, and the study was not registered in a clinical trial registry.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"790"}}