{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:38:12Z","timestamp":1782409092977,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Laerdal Foundation","award":["3623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3623"]}]},{"name":"OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Emerg Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Video streaming in emergency medical communication centers (EMCC) from caller to medical dispatcher has recently been introduced in some countries. Death by trauma is a leading cause of death and injuries are a frequent reason to contact EMCC. We aimed to investigate if video streaming is associated with recognition of a need for first aid during calls regarding injured patients and improve quality of bystander first aid.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective observational study including patients from three health regions in Norway, from November 2021 to February 2023 (registered in clinical trials 10\/25\/2021, NCT05121649). Cases where video streaming had been used as a supplement during the medical emergency call were compared to cases where video streaming was not used during the call. Patients were included by ambulance personnel on the scene of accident if they met the following criteria: 1. Ambulance personnel arrived at a patient who had an injury, 2. One or more bystanders had been present before their arrival, 3. One or more of the following first aid measures had been performed by bystander or should have been performed: airway management, control of external bleeding, recovery position, and hypothermia prevention. Ambulance personnel assessed quality of first aid performed by bystander, and information concerning use of video streaming and patient need for first aid measures recognized by dispatcher was collected through EMCC audio logs and patient charts. We present descriptive data and results from a logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data was collected on 113 cases, and dispatchers used video streaming in addition to standard telephone communication in 12\/113 (10%) of the cases. The odds for the dispatcher to recognize a need for first aid during a medical emergency call were more than five times higher when video streaming was used compared to no use of video streaming (OR 5.30, 95% CI 1.11-25.44). Overall quality of bystander first aid was rated as \u201chigh\u201d. The odds ratio for the patient receiving first aid of higher quality were 1.82 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>-value 0.46) when video streaming was used by dispatcher during the call.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our findings show that video streaming is not frequently used by dispatchers in calls regarding patients with injuries, but that video streaming is associated with improved recognition of patients\u2019 first aid needs. We found no statistically significant difference in first aid quality comparing the calls where video streaming as a supplement were used with the calls with audio only.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-024-01010-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T06:02:03Z","timestamp":1716876123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Can video streaming improve first aid for injured patients? A prospective observational study from Norway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Siri","family":"Idland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Kramer-Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e5kon Kv\u00e5le","family":"Bakke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milada","family":"Hagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"T\u00f8nsager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Christian Stoud","family":"Platou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Hjortdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-021-00917-y","volume":"29","author":"J Gerwing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerwing J, Steen-Hansen JE, Mjaaland T, Jensen BF, Eielsen O, Thomas OMT, et al. Evaluating a training intervention for improving alignment between emergency medical telephone operators and callers: a pilot study of communication behaviours. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2021;29(1):107.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-019-4370-0","volume":"19","author":"AC Leonardsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leonardsen AC, Ramsdal H, Olasveengen TM, Steen-Hansen JE, Westmark F, Hansen AE, et al. Exploring individual and work organizational peculiarities of working in emergency medical communication centers in Norway- a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):545.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"1010_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-016-0343-z","volume":"25","author":"HK Bakke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Ruud H, Wisborg T. Effect and accuracy of emergency dispatch telephone guidance to bystanders in trauma: post-hoc analysis of a prospective observational study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017;25(1):27.","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"1010_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12561","volume":"59","author":"HK Bakke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bakke HK, Steinvik T, Eidissen SI, Gilbert M, Wisborg T. Bystander first aid in trauma - prevalence and quality: a prospective observational study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015;59(9):1187\u201393.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"1010_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00008724","volume":"25","author":"MK Murad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murad MK, Husum H. Trained lay first responders reduce trauma mortality: a controlled study of rural trauma in Iraq. 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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012;56(10):1222\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"1010_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063395","volume":"12","author":"S Idland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Idland S, Iversen E, Brattebo G, Kramer-Johansen J, Hjortdahl M. From hearing to seeing: medical dispatchers\u2019 experience with use of video streaming in medical emergency calls - a qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2022;12(12): e063395.","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"1010_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.08.048","volume":"168","author":"G Linderoth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linderoth G, Rosenkrantz O, Lippert F, Ostergaard D, Ersboll AK, Meyhoff CS, et al. Live video from bystanders\u2019 smartphones to improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 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We applied to the Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK) (247264), who appraised the study to not be in need of consent from REK, but from Sikt, the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (reference number 804294) and data protection officers from all study sites. We followingly applied and received approval from Sikt (804294) and all local data protection officers. As a general rule, research conducted on individuals who cannot consent must be directly beneficial for the group or individuals the research is conducted on, and not be possible to conduct if individuals must consent<sub>1<\/sub>. In some situations, exemption can be given. In emergency situations, obtaining consent from individuals involved in the events can be challenging. Many may be unconscious, and seeking consent at a later time would be difficult. Consent was not obtained from the individuals in our study before inclusion. This exemption from informed consent was approved by Sikt, however, passive consent was still to be maintained. Passive consent was ensured by ambulance personnel giving included patients written information about the study and how to withdraw if they did not wish to participate, including contact information to project leader. They had the right to access, delete, restrict, and object. A data protection impact assessment (DPIA) was developed according to procedures for passive consent. Due to the exemption from informed consent, dispensation from the duty of confidentiality was given by the Norwegian Directorate of Health to those project members who collected retrospective data from audio logs and journals (21\/7455).<sub>1<\/sub>Forskningsdata (sikt.no)","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}