{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:45:26Z","timestamp":1782837926040,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Emerg Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T02:03:50Z","timestamp":1765505030000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Negative predictive value of S100B in all types of traumatic brain injury in different aging groups"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Clemens","family":"Clar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Puchwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diether","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai","family":"Veeranki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sadoghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Leithner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Reinbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1411_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689717714102","volume":"26","author":"M Galgano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galgano M, Toshkezi G, Qiu X, Russell T, Chin L, Zhao LR. Traumatic brain injury: current treatment strategies and future endeavors. Cell Transpl. 2017;26(7):1118\u201330. PMID: 28933211; PMCID: PMC5657730.","journal-title":"Cell Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"1411_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2017.06.003","volume":"97","author":"MA Vella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vella MA, Crandall ML, Patel MB. Acute management of traumatic brain injury. Surg Clin North Am. 2017;97(5):1015\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.suc.2017.06.003. PMID: 28958355; PMCID: PMC5747306.","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"1411_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0160","volume":"96","author":"D Najem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Najem D, Rennie K, Ribecco-Lutkiewicz M, Ly D, Haukenfrers J, Liu Q, Nzau M, Fraser DD, Bani-Yaghoub M. Traumatic brain injury: classification, models, and markers. Biochem Cell Biol. 2018;96(4):391\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/bcb-2016-0160. Epub 2018 Jan 25. PMID: 29370536.","journal-title":"Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"1411_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jinadasa S, Boone MD. Controversies in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Anesthesiol Clin. 2016;34(3):557\u2009\u2013\u200975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.04.008. PMID: 27521198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2016.04.008"},{"key":"1411_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mauritz W, Brazinova A, Majdan M, Leitgeb J. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury in Austria. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2014;126(1\u20132):42\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-013-0456-6. Epub 2013 Nov 19. Erratum in: Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2014;126(9\u201310):324-5. PMID: 24249325; PMCID: PMC3904034.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-013-0456-6"},{"key":"1411_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith LGF, Milliron E, Ho ML, Hu HH, Rusin J, Leonard J, Sribnick EA. Advanced neuroimaging in traumatic brain injury: an overview. Neurosurg Focus. 2019;47(6):E17. doi: 10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652. Erratum in: Neurosurg Focus. 2021;50(1):E22. PMID: 32364704.","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.9.FOCUS19652"},{"issue":"2","key":"1411_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56020087","volume":"56","author":"JK Yue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yue JK, Upadhyayula PS, Avalos LN, Deng H, Wang KKW. The role of blood biomarkers for magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. Med (Kaunas). 2020;56(2):87. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina56020087. PMID: 32098419; PMCID: PMC7074393.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1411_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuchi.2021.01.001","volume":"67","author":"V Sapin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sapin V, Gaulmin R, Aubin R, Walrand S, Coste A, Abbot M. Blood biomarkers of mild traumatic brain injury: state of Art. Neurochirurgie. 2021;67(3):249\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuchi.2021.01.001. Epub 2021 Jan 19. PMID: 33482234.","journal-title":"Neurochirurgie"},{"issue":"2","key":"1411_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2018.1428089","volume":"18","author":"KK Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang KK, Yang Z, Zhu T, Shi Y, Rubenstein R, Tyndall JA, Manley GT. An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2018;18(2):165\u201380. Epub 2018 Jan 23. PMID: 29338452; PMCID: PMC6359936.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Diagn"},{"issue":"4","key":"1411_CR10","first-page":"86","volume":"12","author":"T Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta T, Fayyaz M, Giler GE, Kaur H, Raikwar SP, Kempuraj D, Selvakumar GP, Ahmed ME, Thangavel R, Zaheer S, Iyer S, Govindarajan R, Zaheer A. Current trends in biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Open Access J Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;12(4):86\u201394. Epub 2020 Jan 8. PMID: 32775958; PMCID: PMC7410004.","journal-title":"Open Access J Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1411_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3109\/02699052.2015.1091504","volume":"30","author":"S Asadollahi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asadollahi S, Heidari K, Taghizadeh M, Seidabadi AM, Jamshidian M, Vafaee A, Manoochehri M, Shojaee AH, Hatamabadi HR. Reducing head computed tomography after mild traumatic brain injury: screening value of clinical findings and S100B protein levels. Brain Inj. 2016;30(2):172\u20138. Epub 2015 Dec 15. PMID: 26671496.","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"3","key":"1411_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-024-02189-7","volume":"42","author":"A Karamian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Karamian A, Farzaneh H, Khoshnoodi M, Maleki N, Karamian A, Stufflebeam S, Lucke-Wold B. Diagnostic accuracy of S100B in predicting intracranial abnormalities on CT imaging following mild traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and Meta-analysis. Neurocrit Care. 2025;42(3):1025\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-024-02189-7. Epub 2025 Jan 7. PMID: 39776345.","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1411_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111313","volume":"55","author":"JAL Santing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santing JAL, Hopman JH, Verheul RJ, van der Naalt J, van den Brand CL, Jellema K. Clinical value of S100B in detecting intracranial injury in elderly patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Injury. 2024;55(3):111313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.injury.2024.111313. Epub 2024 Jan 9. PMID: 38219558.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1411_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oris C, Kahouadji S, Bouvier D, Sapin V. Blood Biomarkers for the Management of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Clinical Practice. Clin Chem. 2024;70(8):1023\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvae049. PMID: 38656380.","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvae049"},{"key":"1411_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-227X-12-13","volume":"12","author":"O Calcagnile","year":"2012","unstructured":"Calcagnile O, Und\u00e9n L, Und\u00e9n J. Clinical validation of S100B use in management of mild head injury. BMC Emerg Med. 2012;12:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-227X-12-13. PMID: 23102492; PMCID: PMC3527238.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"1411_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Und\u00e9n J, Romner B. A new objective method for CT triage after minor head injury\u2013serum S100B. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2009;69(1):13\u2009\u2013\u20097. doi: 10.1080\/00365510802651833. PMID: 19199125.","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510802651833"},{"issue":"5","key":"1411_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS142276","volume":"123","author":"HW Thaler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thaler HW, Schmidsfeld J, Pusch M, Pienaar S, Wunderer J, Pittermann P, Valenta R, Gleiss A, Fialka C, Mousavi M. Evaluation of S100B in the diagnosis of suspected intracranial hemorrhage after minor head injury in patients who are receiving platelet aggregation inhibitors and in patients 65 years of age and older. J Neurosurg. 2015;123(5):1202\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.12.JNS142276. Epub 2015 Jul 7. PMID: 26148794.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1411_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oris C, Bouillon-Minois JB, Pinguet J, Kahouadji S, Durif J, Mesl\u00e9 V, Pereira B, Schmidt J, Sapin V, Bouvier D. Predictive Performance of Blood S100B in the Management of Patients Over 65 Years Old With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76(8):1471\u20131479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glab055. PMID: 33647933.","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab055"},{"key":"1411_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biberthaler P, Linsenmeier U, Pfeifer KJ, Kroetz M, Mussack T, Kanz KG, Hoecherl EF, Jonas F, Marzi I, Leucht P, Jochum M, Mutschler W. Serum S-100B concentration provides additional information fot the indication of computed tomography in patients after minor head injury: a prospective multicenter study. Shock. 2006;25(5):446\u2009\u2013\u200953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.shk.0000209534.61058.35. PMID: 16680008.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000209534.61058.35"},{"issue":"8","key":"1411_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17056","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.17056","volume":"13","author":"K Mozaffari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mozaffari K, Dejam D, Duong C, Ding K, French A, Ng E, Preet K, Franks A, Kwan I, Phillips HW, Kim DY, Yang I. Systematic review of serum biomarkers in traumatic brain injury. Cureus. 2021;13(8):e17056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.17056. PMID: 34522534; PMCID: PMC8428323.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1411_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Thelin EP, Johannesson L, Nelson D, Bellander BM. S100B is an important outcome predictor in traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013;30(7):519\u2009\u2013\u200928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2012.2553. Epub 2013 Apr 15. PMID: 23297751.","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2553"},{"key":"1411_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lange RT, Iverson GL, Brubacher JR. Clinical utility of the protein S100B to evaluate traumatic brain injury in the presence of acute alcohol intoxication. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2012 Mar-Apr;27(2):123\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31820e6840. PMID: 22411109.","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31820e6840"},{"key":"1411_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ben Abdesselam O, Vally J, Adem C, Foglietti MJ, Beaudeux JL. Reference values for serum S-100B protein depend on the race of individuals. Clin Chem. 2003;49(5):836-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/49.5.836. PMID: 12709387.","DOI":"10.1373\/49.5.836"},{"issue":"1","key":"1411_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-016-0723-z","volume":"16","author":"O Calcagnile","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calcagnile O, Anell A, Und\u00e9n J. The addition of S100B to guidelines for management of mild head injury is potentially cost saving. BMC Neurol. 2016;16(1):200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-016-0723-z. PMID: 27765016; PMCID: PMC5073952.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1411_CR25","first-page":"83","volume":"16","author":"O Rezaei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rezaei O, Pakdaman H, Gharehgozli K, Simani L, Vahedian-Azimi A, Asaadi S, Sahraei Z, Hajiesmaeili M. S100 B: A new concept in neurocritical care. Iran J Neurol. 2017;16(2):83\u20139. PMID: 28761630; PMCID: PMC5526782.","journal-title":"Iran J Neurol"},{"key":"1411_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0533-y","volume":"13","author":"L Und\u00e9n","year":"2015","unstructured":"Und\u00e9n L, Calcagnile O, Und\u00e9n J, Reinstrup P, Bazarian J. Validation of the Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minimal, mild and moderate traumatic brain injury in adults. BMC Med. 2015;13:292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12916-015-0533-y. PMID: 26645914; PMCID: PMC4673733.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1411_CR27","first-page":"447","volume":"3","author":"JB Steinm\u00fcller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steinm\u00fcller JB, Lynnerup NM, Steinmetz J, Riis JJ, Doering P. Implementation of the S100 Calcium-Binding protein B biomarker in a clinical setting: A retrospective study of Benefits, Safety, and effectiveness. Neurotrauma Rep. 2022;3(1):447\u201355. PMID: 36337079; PMCID: PMC9622208.","journal-title":"Neurotrauma Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1411_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-025-01208-w","volume":"25","author":"M Sedlak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sedlak M, Sya\u2019ban SN, Dragasek J, Hutnanova K, Sedlakova E, Morochovic R, Burda R. Acute behavioral changes as a diagnostic factor of intracranial injuries among the elderly population with mild traumatic brain injury - retrospective cross-sectional study. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25(1):50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01208-w. PMID: 40158119; PMCID: PMC11954172.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"1411_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Und\u00e9n J, Romner B. Can low serum levels of S100B predict normal CT findings after minor head injury in adults? An evidence-based review And meta-analysis. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010 Jul-Aug;25(4):228\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181e57e22. PMID: 20611042.","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3181e57e22"},{"key":"1411_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Allouchery G, Moustafa F, Roubin J, Pereira B, Schmidt J, Raconnat J, Pic D, Sapin V, Bouvier D. Clinical validation of S100B in the management of a mild traumatic brain injury: issues from an interventional cohort of 1449 adult patients. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(11):1897\u20131904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/cclm-2018-0471. PMID: 29924734.","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2018-0471"},{"issue":"1","key":"1411_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-018-0193-2","volume":"18","author":"A Ananthaharan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ananthaharan A, Kravdal G, Straume-Naesheim TM. Utility and effectiveness of the Scandinavian guidelines to exclude computerized tomography scanning in mild traumatic brain injury - a prospective cohort study. BMC Emerg Med. 2018;18(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-018-0193-2. PMID: 30458714; PMCID: PMC6245911.","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T18:28:25Z","timestamp":1768847305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1411"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-025-01411-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-227X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-227X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"18"}}