{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:52:22Z","timestamp":1791165142770,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":90,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Emerg Med"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:06:15Z","timestamp":1783440375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early decision effect of withholding and\/or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment on emergency department patients\u2019 short- and long-term outcomes: a retrospective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Sinoquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeebane","family":"Vaittinada Ayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabakar","family":"Vaittinada Ayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1669_CR1","unstructured":"Institut national de la statistique et des \u00e9tudes \u00e9conomiques. \u00c9volution du nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s entre le 1er janvier et le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2022\u2009\u2013\u2009Nombre de d\u00e9c\u00e8s quotidiens | Insee. 2023. https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/6206305?sommaire=4487854#tableau-figure2. Accessed 3 Sep 2024."},{"key":"1669_CR2","unstructured":"Inspection G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Affaires Sociales. La mort \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital.|IGAS. 2009. https:\/\/www.igas.gouv.fr\/La-mort-a-l-hopital.html. Accessed 3 Sep 2024."},{"key":"1669_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-684X-12-7","volume":"12","author":"B Gomes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gomes B, Calanzani N, Gysels M, Hall S, Higginson IJ. Heterogeneity and changes in preferences for dying at home: a systematic review. BMC Palliat Care. 2013;12:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-684X-12-7.","journal-title":"BMC Palliat Care"},{"key":"1669_CR4","unstructured":"Commission de r\u00e9flexion sur la fin de vie en France. Rapport a Fran\u00e7ois hollande, pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise; 2012."},{"key":"1669_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0993-9857(05)82458-6","volume":"18","author":"C Rothmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rothmann C, Evrard D. La mort aux urgences. J europ\u00e9en des urgences. 2005;18:3\u20139.","journal-title":"J europ\u00e9en des urgences"},{"key":"1669_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1800-1","volume":"36","author":"P Le Conte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Le Conte P, Riochet D, Batard E, Volteau C, Giraudeau B, Arnaudet I, et al. Death in emergency departments: a multicenter cross-sectional survey with analysis of withholding and withdrawing life support. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36:765\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-010-1800-1.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reaurg.2008.09.005","volume":"17","author":"P Le Conte","year":"2008","unstructured":"Le Conte P, Batard E, Pinaud V, Evain Y, Potel G. D\u00e9cisions de limitation ou d\u2019arr\u00eat des th\u00e9rapeutiques actives dans les services d\u2019urgence. R\u00e9animation. 2008;17:802\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reaurg.2008.09.005.","journal-title":"R\u00e9animation"},{"key":"1669_CR8","unstructured":"Article R712-65. - Code de la sant\u00e9 publique - L\u00e9gifrance. https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006802859. Accessed 10 Sep 2024."},{"key":"1669_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-019-0579-7","volume":"9","author":"J Reignier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reignier J, Feral-Pierssens A-L, Boulain T, Carpentier F, Le Borgne P, Del Nista D, et al. Withholding and withdrawing life-support in adults in emergency care: joint position paper from the French Intensive Care Society and French Society of Emergency Medicine. Ann Intensive Care. 2019;9:105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-019-0579-7.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"1669_CR10","unstructured":"SFMU SFAP. Proc\u00e9dure d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de Limitation et Arr\u00eat des th\u00e9rapeutiques lors d\u2019une prise en charge en urgence. Fiche M\u00e9mo. 2020."},{"key":"1669_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198108000-00008","volume":"9","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1981","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Draper EA, Lawrence DE. APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system. Crit Care Med. 1981;9:591\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-198108000-00008.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","volume":"13","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818\u201329.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1989-3","volume":"29","author":"E Azoulay","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azoulay E, Pochard F, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Moreau D, Montesino L, Adrie C, et al. Decisions to forgo life-sustaining therapy in ICU patients independently predict hospital death. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29:1895\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-003-1989-3.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.6.790","volume":"290","author":"CL Sprung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sprung CL, Cohen SL, Sjokvist P, Baras M, Bulow H-H, Hovilehto S, et al. End-of-life practices in European intensive care units: the Ethicus Study. JAMA. 2003;290:790\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.290.6.790.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1669_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/CC1479","author":"N Chambers","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chambers N, Curtis JR, Rubenfeld GD. Managing Death in the ICU: The Transition from Cure to Comfort. Crit Care. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/CC1479.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1669_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4240-8","volume":"42","author":"M Hua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hua M, Halpern SD, Gabler NB, Wunsch H. Effect of ICU Strain on Timing of Limitations in Life-Sustaining Therapy and Death. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:987\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-016-4240-8.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1310-6","volume":"35","author":"E Azoulay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azoulay E, Metnitz B, Sprung CL, Timsit J-F, Lemaire F, Bauer P, et al. End-of-life practices in 282 intensive care units: data from the SAPS 3 database. Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:623\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-008-1310-6.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0924ST","volume":"191","author":"GT Bosslet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bosslet GT, Pope TM, Rubenfeld GD, Lo B, Truog RD, Rushton CH, et al. An Official ATS\/AACN\/ACCP\/ESICM\/SCCM Policy Statement: Responding to Requests for Potentially Inappropriate Treatments in Intensive Care Units. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:1318\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201505-0924ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1669_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03564-9","volume":"357","author":"E Ferrand","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ferrand E, Robert R, Ingrand P, Lemaire F, French LATAREA, Group. Withholding and withdrawal of life support in intensive-care units in France: a prospective survey. French LATAREA Group. Lancet. 2001;357:9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(00)03564-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1669_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afv191","volume":"45","author":"J Le Guen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Le Guen J, Boumendil A, Guidet B, Corvol A, Saint-Jean O, Somme D. Are elderly patients\u2019 opinions sought before admission to an intensive care unit? Results of the ICE-CUB study. Age Ageing. 2016;45:303\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afv191.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"1669_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.1183","volume":"174","author":"CL Auriemma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Auriemma CL, Nguyen CA, Bronheim R, Kent S, Nadiger S, Pardo D, et al. Stability of End-of-Life Preferences: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1085\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.1183.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1669_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7148","volume":"13","author":"A Baumann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baumann A, Audibert G, Claudot F, Puybasset L. Ethics review: End of life legislation \u2013 the French model. Crit Care. 2009;13:204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc7148.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1669_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00008","volume":"153","author":"RL Sudore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the Planning in Advance Care Planning: Preparing for End-of-Life Decision Making. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153:256\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-153-4-201008170-00008.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1669_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.022","volume":"43","author":"CR Grudzen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grudzen CR, Richardson LD, Hopper SS, Ortiz JM, Whang C, Morrison RS. Does palliative care have a future in the emergency department? Discussions with attending emergency physicians. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012;43:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.022.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"1669_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00907.x","volume":"17","author":"CR Grudzen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grudzen CR, Richardson LD, Morrison M, Cho E, Morrison RS. Palliative care needs of seriously ill, older adults presenting to the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2010;17:1253\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2010.00907.x.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Emergency Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1791164189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12873-026-01669-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7357429\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-227X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-227X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The work conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent was waived by the institutional review board called Assistance Publique des H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Clinical Data Warehouse (AP-HP CDW) Scientific and Ethics Committee (Conseil Scientifique et Ethique; IRB number: 00011591).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"260"}}