{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T01:25:32Z","timestamp":1787102732268,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003945","name":"Link\u00f6ping University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003945","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Emerg Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emergency department staff work under substantial and variable demands. Physiologic monitoring is an integral part of the ED working environment and supports the observation of several patients at the same time, but the alarms generated by monitoring equipment may also add to staff workload. We examined the relation between perceived alarm workload and overall workload and assessed whether operational factors were associated with alarm workload after adjustment for overall workload.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a prospective, multicenter, cross sectional study at three Swedish emergency departments. During clinical shifts, staff rated their overall workload and alarm workload during the preceding hour on a scale from 0 to 6. Survey responses were matched by emergency department team and hour with patient data from electronic health records and alarm data from monitoring systems. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relation between the two workload measures. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine associations between alarm workload and prespecified operational variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 184 surveys covering 81\u00a0h were collected. Alarm workload was moderately correlated with overall workload\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.53, with\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001. After observations without patients were excluded, 68\u00a0h were included in the regression analysis. Overall workload, the proportion of patients arriving by ambulance, and the frequency of technical alarms were associated with greater alarm workload in the adjusted analysis. Monitoring equipment was considered helpful in 68% of assessments and disruptive in 18%.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Perceived alarm workload was moderately correlated with overall workload. A higher proportion of patients arriving by ambulance and a higher frequency of technical alarms were associated with greater alarm workload after adjustment for overall workload. These findings may help guide efforts to reduce the workload associated with monitor alarms in emergency departments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-026-01733-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T12:36:00Z","timestamp":1786970160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Correlations between monitor alarm workload and overall workload in Swedish emergency departments: a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Johansson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Johannesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel B.","family":"Wilhelms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Wretborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnston A, Abraham L, Greenslade J, Thom O, Carlstrom E, Wallis M et al. Review article: Staff perception of the emergency department working environment: Integrative review of the literature. Emerg Med Australas [Internet]. 2016;28(1):7\u201326. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1742-6723.12522.","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12522"},{"key":"1733_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ruskin KJ, Hueske-Kraus D. Alarm fatigue: impacts on patient safety. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol [Internet]. 2015;28(6):685\u201390. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000260.","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000260"},{"key":"1733_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Prints M, Fishbein D, Arnold R, Stander E, Miller K, Kim T et al. Understanding the perception of workload in the emergency department and its impact on medical decision making. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2020;38(2):397\u20139. 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Alarm fatigue in the emergency department: a multicenter, mixed-method study of monitor alarms. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open [Internet]. 2025;6(2):100077. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acepjo.2025.100077.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acepjo.2025.100077"},{"key":"1733_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fleischman W, Ciliberto B, Rozanski N, Parwani V, Bernstein SL. Emergency department monitor alarms rarely change clinical management: An observational study. Am J Emerg Med [Internet]. 2020;38(6):1072\u20136. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158370.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.158370"},{"key":"1733_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sendelbach S, Funk M. Alarm fatigue: a patient safety concern. AACN Adv Crit Care [Internet]. 2013;24(4):378\u201386; quiz 387\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NCI.0b013e3182a903f9.","DOI":"10.1097\/NCI.0b013e3182a903f9"},{"key":"1733_CR9","unstructured":"Joint Commission. 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Patient and staff consent was waived by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority since no personal identifiable data was collected. The survey was anonymous and data could not be traced to any individual subject. The study is reported according to the STROBE guidelines.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"224"}}