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When researching severe diseases such as cancer, it is difficult to avoid the problem of incomplete questionnaires from drop-outs or missing data from patients who pass away during the observation period. The aim of this exploratory study was to explore patient characteristics and the patient-reported outcomes associated with the time-to-dropout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an Oncological Social Care Project (OSCAR) study, the condition of the participants was assessed four times within 12\u2009months (t0: baseline, t1: 3\u2009months, t2: 6\u2009months, and t3: 12\u2009months) by validated PROMs. We performed competing-risk regressions based on Fine and Gray\u2019s proportional sub-distribution hazards model for exploring factors associated with time-to-dropout. Death was considered a competing risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred sixty-two participants were analyzed in the study. 193 (53.3%) completed a follow-up after 12\u2009months, 67 (18.5%) patients dropped out, and 102 patients (28.2%) died during the study period. Poor subjective social support was related to a higher risk of drop-out (SHR\u2009=\u20092.10; 95%CI: 1.01\u20134.35). Lower values in health-related quality of life were related to drop-out and death. The sub-scales global health status\/QoL, role functioning, physical functioning, and fatigue symptom in the EORTC QLQ-C30 were key characteristics of early drop-out.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Severely affected cancer patients with poor social support and poor quality of life seem more likely to drop out of studies than patients with higher levels of social support and a better quality of life. This should be considered when planning studies to assess advanced cancer patients. Methods of close continued monitoring should be actively used when patient experiences a substantial deterioration in their health-related quality of life and symptoms during the study. Results for such studies have to be interpreted with caution in light of specific drop-out mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OSCAR study was registered to the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS-ID:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\/drks_web\/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&amp;TRIAL_ID=DRKS00013640\">DRKS00013640<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      ). Registered 29 December 2017.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01259-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]],"date-time":"2021-04-20T10:08:13Z","timestamp":1618913293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Characteristics and patient-reported outcomes associated with dropout in severely affected oncological patients: an exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5946-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pimrapat","family":"Gebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Schindel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Frick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Schenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Grittner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4137\/HSI.S11093","volume":"6","author":"T Weldring","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weldring T, Smith SM. 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The participants were enrolled in the study after providing written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"77"}}