{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:59:15Z","timestamp":1781632755524,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-159791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["283723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["283723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008385","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l'\u00c9ducation, du Loisir et du Sport Qu\u00e9bec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12532"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12532"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008385","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000261","name":"Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2435"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2435"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Res Methodol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A life history calendar allows mapping personal events to improve recall of past events in retrospective data collection. We estimated whether the use of a life history calendar was related to data completeness and accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants in a case-control study on inflammatory bowel disease in Quebec, Canada in 2021, were invited to complete a preparatory life history calendar and encouraged to consult it during data collection. For data completeness, associations between life history calendar preparation\/consultation frequency and number of missing values were estimated using negative binomial regression (Sample Mean Ratio, SMR) with inverse-probability-weighting to balance participants\u2019 characteristics across life history calendar preparation\/consultation groups. One hundred and thirty variables were considered. For accuracy, parents\u2019 age at participants\u2019 birth and number of older siblings, the only variables available from both the questionnaire and Birth Registry, were compared for agreement according to life history calendar preparation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2727 participants, 48% prepared the life history calendar. During data collection, 27%, 48%, and 25% consulted it never, sometimes, often\/always, respectively. The overall proportion of missing values was low (0.7%). Life history calendar preparation (vs. not) was associated with a 22% decrease in number of missing values (SMR\u2009=\u20090.78; 95% CI: 0.64\u20130.96). There were fewer missing values with greater consultation frequency, with 26% (SMR\u2009=\u20090.74; 95% CI: 0.56\u20130.98), 31% (SMR\u2009=\u20090.69; 95% CI: 0.55\u20130.86) and 59% (SMR\u2009=\u20090.41; 95% CI: 0.29\u20130.56) fewer missing values among those who never, sometimes, often\/always consulted it, respectively, vs. not having completed a life history calendar. Life history calendar preparation was associated with slightly better agreement between self-reported and registry data for mother\u2019s (5% higher) and father\u2019s (4% higher) age at participant\u2019s birth, but not number of older siblings (1% lower).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Life history calendar preparation\/consultation were associated with higher data completeness. However, the assessment of data accuracy was limited due to the small number of available variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T04:13:45Z","timestamp":1770264825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of a self-completed life history calendar in relation to data completeness and accuracy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prevost","family":"Jantchou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui Ning","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda","family":"Nicolau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreenath","family":"Madathil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miceline","family":"Mesidor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Claude","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.285","volume":"31","author":"Y Ben-Shlomo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo Y, Kuh D. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(2):285\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-007-9129-8","volume":"43","author":"T Glasner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glasner T, van der Vaart W. Applications of calendar instruments in social surveys: a review. Qual Quant. 2009;43(3):333\u201349.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"2777_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2307\/271044","volume":"18","author":"D Freedman","year":"1988","unstructured":"Freedman D, Thornton A, Camburn D, Alwin D, Young-DeMarco L. The life history calendar: A technique for collecting retrospective data. Sociol Methodol. 1988;18:37\u201368.","journal-title":"Sociol Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2777_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/741942610","volume":"6","author":"RF Belli","year":"1998","unstructured":"Belli RF. The structure of autobiographical memory and the event history calendar: potential improvements in the quality of retrospective reports in surveys. Memory. 1998;6(4):383\u2013406.","journal-title":"Memory"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719000394","volume":"50","author":"WG Axinn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Axinn WG, Chardoul S, Gatny H, Ghimire DJ, Smoller JW, Zhang Y, Scott KM. Using life history calendars to improve measurement of lifetime experience with mental disorders. Psychol Med. 2020;50(3):515\u201322.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2777_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2128281","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2022.2128281","volume":"15","author":"JC Cubides","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cubides JC, Jorgensen N, Peiter PC. Time, space and health: using the life history calendar methodology applied to mobility in a medical-humanitarian organisation. Glob Health Action. 2022;15(1):E2128281.","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"2","key":"2777_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2020.12.007","volume":"87","author":"LY Bay-Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bay-Cheng LY, Ginn HG, Fava NM, Maguin EM, Bascug EW. At risk and in love: A mixed methodexamination of the link between childhood maltreatment and youth relationships. J Adolesc. 2021;87(2):28\u201337.","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2777_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-021-01278-5","volume":"24","author":"M Anastario","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anastario M, Rodriguez AM, Xiuhtecutli N, Wagner E. Characterization of lifetime agrichemical exposure sequences relative to international migration in foreign born Latinx agricultural workers living in South Florida. J Immigr Minor Health. 2022;24(5):1145\u201353.","journal-title":"J Immigr Minor Health"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2777_CR9","first-page":"95","volume":"37","author":"M Yoshihama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yoshihama M, Hammock AC, Horrocks J. Intimate partner violence, welfare receipt, and health status of low-income African American women: a lifecourse analysis. Am J Community Psychol. 2006;37(1\u20132):95\u2013109.","journal-title":"Am J Community Psychol"},{"key":"2777_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E844230","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.844230","volume":"3","author":"S Madathil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madathil S, Rousseau MC, Dur\u00e1n D, Alli BY, Joseph L, Nicolau B. Life course tobacco smoking and risk of HPV-Negative squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity in two countries. Front Oral Health. 2022;3:E844230.","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2777_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1853","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1853","volume":"30","author":"WG Axinn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Axinn WG, Chardoul S. Improving reports of health risks: life history calendars and measurement of potentially traumatic experiences. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2021;30(1):E1853.","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2777_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.3109\/01443618509071181","volume":"5","author":"ML Gwinn","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gwinn ML. Oral contraceptives and breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. The cancer and steroid hormone study Group, Atlanta Georgia. J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore). 1985;5(Suppl 2):S83\u20137.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol (Lahore)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2777_CR13","first-page":"301","volume":"20","author":"W van der Vaart","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Vaart W. The Time-line as a device to enhance recall in standardized research interviews: A split ballot study. J Off Stat. 2004;20(2):301\u201317.","journal-title":"J Off Stat"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E004476","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004476","volume":"4","author":"H Kendig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kendig H, Byles JE, O\u2019Loughlin K, Nazroo JY, Mishra G, Noone J, et al. Adapting data collection methods in the Australian life histories and health survey: a retrospective life course study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(3):E004476.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"2777_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(03)00039-5","volume":"13","author":"LS Cook","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cook LS, White JL, Stuart GC, Magliocco AM. The reliability of telephone interviews compared with in-person interviews using memory aids. Ann Epidemiol. 2003;13(7):495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2777_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(97)00088-9","volume":"45","author":"LR Berney","year":"1997","unstructured":"Berney LR, Blane DB. Collecting retrospective data: accuracy of recall after 50 years judged against historical records. Soc Sci Med. 1997;45(10):1519\u201325.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2777_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-4567-0_20","volume-title":"Withstanding vulnerability throughout adult life: dynamics of Stressors, Resources, and reserves","author":"D Morselli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morselli D, Berchtold A. Life calendars for the collection of life course data. In: Spini D, Widmer E, editors. Withstanding vulnerability throughout adult life: dynamics of Stressors, Resources, and reserves. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore; 2023. pp. 319\u201336."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2777_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/21582041.2017.1418528","volume":"14","author":"D Morselli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morselli D, Le Goff J-M, Gauthier J-A. Self-administered event history calendars: a possibility for surveys? Contemp Soc Sci. 2019;14(3\u20134):423\u201346.","journal-title":"Contemp Soc Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X14554882","volume":"27","author":"T Glasner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Glasner T, van der Vaart W, Dijkstra W. Calendar instruments in retrospective web surveys. Field Methods. 2015;27(3):265\u201383.","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.068","volume":"58","author":"D Morselli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Morselli D, Berchtold A, Suris Granell J-C, Berchtold A. On-line life history calendar and sensitive topics: A pilot study. Comput Hum Behav. 2016;58(3):141\u20139.","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2777_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"J Chevallereau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chevallereau J, Berchtold A. Quality principles of retrospective data collected through a life history calendar. Qual Quant. 2022;57(5):1\u201326.","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"issue":"4","key":"2777_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyy011","volume":"47","author":"MC Rousseau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rousseau MC, El-Zein M, Conus F, Parent ME, Benedetti A. Cohort profile: the Qu\u00e9bec birth cohort on immunity and health (QBCIH). Int J Epidemiol. 2018;47(4):1040\u20131h.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2777_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dyae014","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae014","volume":"53","author":"MC Rousseau","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rousseau MC, Parent ME, Corsenac P, Salmon C, M\u00e9sidor M, Fantodji C, et al. Cohort profile update: the Qu\u00e9bec birth cohort on immunity and health (CO\u00b7MMUNITY). Int J Epidemiol. 2024;53(2):dyae014.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2777_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.188383","volume":"58","author":"EI Benchimol","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benchimol EI, Guttmann A, Griffiths AM, Rabeneck L, Mack DR, Brill H, et al. Increasing incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease in Ontario, Canada: evidence from health administrative data. Gut. 2009;58(11):1490\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"2777_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.02.019","volume":"67","author":"EI Benchimol","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benchimol EI, Guttmann A, Mack DR, Nguyen GC, Marshall JK, Gregor JC, et al. Validation of international algorithms to identify adults with inflammatory bowel disease in health administrative data from Ontario, Canada. J Clin Epidemiol. 2014;67(8):887\u201396.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/14616690701336518","volume":"9","author":"D Rose","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rose D, Harrison E. The European Socio-economic classification: A new social class schema for comparative European research. Eur Soc. 2007;9(3):459\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2777_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.34.1.03","volume":"34","author":"R Pampalon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pampalon R, Hamel D, Gamache P, Simpson A, Philibert MD. Validation of a deprivation index for public health: a complex exercise illustrated by the Quebec index. Chronic Dis Inj Can. 2014;34(1):12\u201322.","journal-title":"Chronic Dis Inj Can"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2011.568786","volume":"46","author":"PC Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin PC. An introduction to propensity score methods for reducing the effects of confounding in observational studies. Multivar Behav Res. 2011;46(3):399\u2013424.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"2777_CR29","volume-title":"R: A Language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: A Language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2023."},{"key":"2777_CR30","unstructured":"Greifer N. cobalt. Covariate Balance Tables and Plots. (R package version 4.5.1) 2023. https:\/\/ngreifer.github.io\/cobalt\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K. Mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw. 2011;45(3):1\u201367.","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2777_CR32","unstructured":"Greifer N, WeightIt. Weighting for Covariate Balance in Observational Studies. (R package version 1.5.1) 2023. https:\/\/ngreifer.github.io\/WeightIt\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"2777_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.1338","volume":"21","author":"W van der Vaart","year":"2007","unstructured":"van der Vaart W, Glasner T. Applying a timeline as a recall aid in a telephone survey: a record check study. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2007;21(2):227\u201338.","journal-title":"Appl Cogn Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2777_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1332\/175795921X16209324334818","volume":"13","author":"A Berchtold","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berchtold A, Wicht B, Sur\u00eds JC, Morselli D. Consistency of data collected through online life history calendars. Longitud Life Course Stud. 2021;13(1):145\u201368.","journal-title":"Longitud Life Course Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"2777_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2014.07.004","volume":"1","author":"H Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones H, Chatterjee K, Gray S. A biographical approach to studying individual change and continuity in walking and cycling over the life course. J Transp Health. 2014;1(3):182\u20139.","journal-title":"J Transp Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Research Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:34:50Z","timestamp":1781631290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2777"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12874-026-02777-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We obtained the necessary authorizations for data access from the Quebec governmental authorities (Commission d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019information) and the Research Ethics Committees of the Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Institut de la statistique du Qu\u00e9bec, Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine and R\u00e9gie de l\u2019assurance maladie du Qu\u00e9bec. All participants have provided informed consent (online or orally) for their participation in the study and for the linkage of their collected data with administrative data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}