{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T20:43:19Z","timestamp":1775421799074,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Fam Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to investigate factors associated with substance use disorder identification and follow-up rates among samples of members of a private health insurance plan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In an observational study, samples of claims data for 2017 for Commercial and Medicare members from a private health insurer were accessed and analyzed using descriptive statistics, decision tree analysis, and linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Commercial and Medicare members differed in age. Medicare members had higher rates of inclusion in a measure of substance use disorder than Commercial members, lower rates of initial short term follow-up, more opioid prescriptions from primary care provides, fewer prescriptions for opioid treatment, and higher rates of selected comorbid conditions. Mental health diagnoses and substance use disorder co-occurred frequently and to a greater extent in the Medicare sample. Among commercial members, there were primarily alcohol problems that increased with age, while opioid problems at about 10% peaked in the mid-twenties. More males were included among all substance types. The overall rate for an initial short term follow-up visit indicating initiation of treatment was 30%. There were large differences in the follow-up rates across settings with a very low rate (4.6% for alcohol and 6.9% for opioid) in primary care settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest that increased attention in primary care to young adult males and to older adults, may help to reduce substance use disorder rates, especially alcohol use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1604228598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Substance use identification and follow-up rates among commercial and Medicare health insurance members in primary care and other settings"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1544-1269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Doxbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie E.","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Dunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1286_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2953","volume":"166","author":"R Crowley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Crowley R, Kirschner N, Dunn AS, Bornstein SS. Health and public policy to facilitate effective prevention and treatment of substance use disorders involving illicit and prescription drugs: an American College of Physicians Position Paper. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:733\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"1286_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quinn PD, Hur K, Chang Z, et. al. Incident and long-term opioid therapy among patients with psychiatric conditions and medications: a national study of commercial health care claims. Pain.\u00a02017;158;140\u20138.","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000730"},{"key":"1286_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watkins KE, Cuellar AE, Hepner KA, et. al. The cost-effectiveness of depression treatment for co-occurring disorders: a clinical trial. J Subst Abus Treat. 2014;46;128\u201333.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2013.08.006"},{"key":"1286_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.024","volume":"160","author":"CP Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas CP, Hodgkin D, Levit K, Marl TL. Growth in spending on substance use treatment services for the privately insured population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2016;160:143\u201350.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"1286_CR5","first-page":"1207","volume":"21","author":"UB Baizyldayeva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baizyldayeva UB, Uskenbayeva RK, Amanzholova ST. Decision making procedure: applications of IBM SPSS cluster analysis and decision tree. World Appl Sci J. 2013;21:1207\u201312.","journal-title":"World Appl Sci J."},{"key":"1286_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-016-9798-7","volume":"40","author":"ME Vogel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vogel ME, Kanzler KE, Aikens JE, Goodie JL. Integration of behavioral health and primary care: current knowledge and future directions. J Behav Med. 2017;40:69\u201384.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"key":"1286_CR7","first-page":"357","volume":"3","author":"S Parthasarathy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Parthasarathy S, Mertens J, Moore C, Weisner C. Utilization and cost impact of integrating substance abuse treatment and primary care. Med Care. 2003;3:357\u201367.","journal-title":"Med Care."}],"container-title":["BMC Family Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]],"date-time":"2020-11-01T11:03:41Z","timestamp":1604228621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1286"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01286-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21850\/v4","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21850\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21850\/v2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.2.21850\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-2296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval by the University at Buffalo Institutional Review Board (Study # 00002540). Since this study involved only analyses of existing claims data as part of a consulting engagement with a health insurance company, it was not considered necessary by the University at Buffalo Institutional Review Board to obtain verbal or written informed consent from the members.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The first author received consultation fees and the other authors received salary from the health insurance company whose data were analyzed in the preparation of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"223"}}