{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:23:27Z","timestamp":1787243007041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]],"date-time":"2020-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007037","name":"Danish Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007037","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Fam Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Meta-analyses suggest that collaborative care (CC) improves symptoms of depression and anxiety. In CC, a care manager collaborates with a general practitioner (GP) to provide evidence-based care. Most CC research is from the US, focusing on depression. As research results may not transfer to other settings, we developed and tested a Danish CC-model (the Collabri-model) for depression, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder in general practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four cluster-randomized superiority trials evaluated the effects of CC. The overall aim was to explore if CC significantly improved depression and anxiety symptoms compared to treatment-as-usual at 6-months\u2019 follow-up. The Collabri-model was founded on a multi-professional collaboration between a team of mental-health specialists (psychiatrists and care managers) and GPs. In collaboration with GPs, care managers provided treatment according to a structured plan, including regular reassessments and follow-up. Treatment modalities (cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, and medication) were offered based on stepped care algorithms. Face-to-face meetings between GPs and care managers took place regularly, and a psychiatrist provided supervision. The control group received treatment-as-usual. Primary outcomes were symptoms of depression (BDI-II) and anxiety (BAI) at 6-months\u2019 follow-up. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated based on 6-months\u2019 follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite various attempts to improve inclusion rates, the necessary number of participants was not recruited. Seven hundred thirty-one participants were included: 325 in the depression trial and 406 in the anxiety trials. The Collabri-model was implemented, demonstrating good fidelity to core model elements. In favor of CC, we found a statistically significant difference between depression scores at 6-months\u2019 follow-up in the depression trial. The difference was not significant at 15-months\u2019 follow-up. The anxiety trials were pooled for data analysis due to inadequate sample sizes. At 6- and 15-months\u2019 follow-up, there was a difference in anxiety symptoms favoring CC. These differences were not statistically significant. The ICER was 58,280 Euro per QALY.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At 6\u2009months, a significant difference between groups was found in the depression trial, but not in the pooled anxiety trial. However, these results should be cautiously interpreted as there is a risk of selection bias and lacking statistical power.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ClinicalTrials.gov, ID:\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02678624\">NCT02678624<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      and\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT02678845\">NCT02678845<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      . Retrospectively registered on 7 February 2016.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1605654363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Collaborative care for depression and anxiety disorders: results and lessons learned from the Danish cluster-randomized Collabri trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1485-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadja Kehler","family":"Curth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula \u00d8dum","family":"Brinck-Claussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Hjorth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette Sofie","family":"Davidsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Hagel","family":"Mikkelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Engelbrecht","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Lundsteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Csillag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaj Sparle","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Jakobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Bo","family":"Bojesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lene Falgaard","family":"Eplov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1299_CR1","volume-title":"Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. Geneva: Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; 2017."},{"key":"1299_CR2","volume-title":"Common mental health problems: identification and pathways to care. Clinical guideline [CG123]","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Common mental health problems: identification and pathways to care. Clinical guideline [CG123]. 2011. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg123\/resources\/common-mental-health-problems-identification-and-pathways-to-care-pdf-35109448223173. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Archer J, Bower P, Gilbody S, Lovell K, Richards D, Gask L, et al. Collaborative care for depression and anxiety problems (review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;10:CD006525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006525.pub2.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006525.pub2"},{"key":"1299_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.08.006","volume":"77","author":"C Sighinolfi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sighinolfi C, Nespeca C, Menchetti M, Levantesi P, Belvederi Murri M, Berardi D. Collaborative care for depression in European countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res. 2014;77:247\u201363.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1299_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muntingh ADT, van der Feltz-cornelis CM, van Marwijk HWJ, Spinhoven P, van Balkom AJLM. Collaborative care for anxiety disorders in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Fam Pract. 2016;17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-016-0466-3.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-016-0466-3"},{"key":"1299_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rkelund C, Svenningsson I, Hange D, Udo C, Petersson EL, Ariai N, et al. Clinical effectiveness of care managers in collaborative care for patients with depression in Swedish primary health care: a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Fam Pract. 2018;19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-018-0711-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0711-z"},{"key":"1299_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2064-7","volume":"18","author":"U Brinck-Claussen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brinck-Claussen U, Curth NK, Davidsen AS, Mikkelsen JH, Lau ME, Lundsteen M, et al. Collaborative care for depression in general practice: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"1299_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2120-3","volume":"18","author":"NK Curth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Curth NK, Brinck-Claussen U\u00d8, Davidsen AS, Lau ME, Lundsteen M, Mikkelsen JH, et al. Collaborative care for panic disorder, generalised anxiety disorder and social phobia in general practice: study protocol for three cluster-randomised, superiority trials. Trials. 2017;18:382.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"1299_CR9","volume-title":"Klinisk vejledning for almen praksis. Angsttilstande. Diagnostik og behandling","author":"Dansk Selskab for Almen Medicin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dansk Selskab for Almen Medicin. Klinisk vejledning for almen praksis. Angsttilstande. Diagnostik og behandling. 2010. http:\/\/vejledninger.dsam.dk\/media\/files\/7\/angsttilstande-med-links.pdf. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(97)83297-X","volume":"12","author":"D Sheehan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sheehan D, Lecrubier Y, Harnett Sheehan K, Janavs J, Weiller E, Keskiner A, et al. The validity of the MINI international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) according to the SCID-P and its reliability. Eur Psychiatry. 1997;12:232\u201341.","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR11","volume-title":"Shared care for ikke-psykotiske sygdomme","author":"L Eplov","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eplov L, Lundsteen M, Birket-Smith M. Shared care for ikke-psykotiske sygdomme. Danske Regioner: Anbefalinger p\u00e5 baggrund af en systematisk litteraturunders\u00f8gelse; 2009."},{"key":"1299_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-6-88","volume":"6","author":"J Gunn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gunn J, Diggens J, Hegarty K, Blashki G. A systematic review of complex system interventions designed to increase recovery from depression in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;6:88.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1299_CR13","volume-title":"Klinisk vejledning for almen praksis. Unipolar depression. Diagnostik og behandling","author":"Dansk Selskab for Almen Medicin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dansk Selskab for Almen Medicin. Klinisk vejledning for almen praksis. Unipolar depression. Diagnostik og behandling. 2010. https:\/\/www.dsam.dk\/files\/9\/depression_med_links.pdf. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR14","volume-title":"Referenceprogram for angstlidelser hos voksne","author":"Sundhedsstyrelsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sundhedsstyrelsen. Referenceprogram for angstlidelser hos voksne. 2007. http:\/\/www.sst.dk\/~\/media\/63928C3E9D2845D19A0A0783AAB92CD8.ashx. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR15","volume-title":"Referenceprogram for unipolar depression hos voksne","author":"Sundhedsstyrelsen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sundhedsstyrelsen. Referenceprogram for unipolar depression hos voksne. 2007. https:\/\/www.sst.dk\/-\/media\/Udgivelser\/2007\/Publ2007\/PLAN\/SfR\/SST_Dep,-d-,rapport,-d-,pdf.ashx. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.183.3.228","volume":"183","author":"P Moran","year":"2003","unstructured":"Moran P, Leese M, Lee T, Walters P, Thornicrof G, Mann A. Standardised assessment of personality - abbreviated scale (SAPAS): preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry. 2003;183:228\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR17","unstructured":"Statistics Denmark. https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/en. Accessed 2 Jul 2020."},{"key":"1299_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-1048","volume":"35","author":"Y-P Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang Y-P, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck depression inventory-II: a comprehensive review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2013;35:416\u201331.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Psiquiatr"},{"key":"1299_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","volume":"56","author":"AT Beck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893\u20137.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1299_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00399.x","volume":"110","author":"LR Olsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Olsen LR, Mortensen EL, Bech P. The SCL-90 and SCL-90R versions validated by item response models in a Danish community sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2004;110:225\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1299_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2006.03.008","volume":"48","author":"G Pedersen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pedersen G, Hagtvet KA, Karterud S. Generalizability studies of the global assessment of functioning-Split version. Compr Psychiatry. 2007;48:88\u201394.","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2014.23","volume":"26","author":"L Hellstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m L, Eplov LF, Nordentoft M, Ostergaard SD, Bech P. The diagnostic Apathia scale predicts the ability to return to work following depression or anxiety. Acta Neuropsychiatr. 2014;26:364\u201371.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropsychiatr"},{"key":"1299_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101004323.x","volume":"101","author":"PL Morosini","year":"2000","unstructured":"Morosini PL, Magliano L, Brambilla L, Ugolini S, Pioli R. Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV social and occupational functioning assessment scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2000;101:323\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1299_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2190\/T8EM-C8YH-373N-1UWD","volume":"27","author":"AC Leon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Leon AC, Olfson M, Portera L, Farber L, Perrnanente K, David Sheehan CV. Assessing psychiatric impairment in primary care with the Sheehan disability scale*. J Psychiatry Med. 1997;27:93\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"1299_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000376585","volume":"84","author":"CW Topp","year":"2015","unstructured":"Topp CW, \u00d8stergaard SD, S\u00f8ndergaard S, Bech P. The WHO-5 well-being index: a systematic review of the literature. Psychother Psychosom. 2015;84:167\u201376.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1299_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440290001494","volume":"17","author":"R Moss-Morris","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moss-Morris R, Weinman J, Petrie K, Horne R, Cameron L, Buick D. The revised illness perception questionnaire (IPQ-R). Psychol Health. 2002;17:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"1299_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452232966","volume-title":"Outcome measures for health education and other health care interventions","author":"K Lorig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lorig K, Stewart A, Ritter P, Gonz\u00e1lez V, Laurent D, Lynch J. Outcome measures for health education and other health care interventions. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 1996."},{"key":"1299_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087","volume":"33","author":"R Rabin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rabin R, De Charro F. EQ-5D: a measure of health status from the EuroQol group. Ann Med. 2001;33:337\u201343.","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1299_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.2011.01020.x","volume":"32","author":"AJ Katz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Katz AJ, Dusetzina SB, Farley JF, Ellis AR, Gaynes BN, Castillo WC, et al. Distressing adverse events after antidepressant switch in the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D) trial: influence of adverse events during initial treatment with citalopram on development of subsequent adverse events with an a. Pharmacotherapy. 2012;32:234\u201343.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy."},{"key":"1299_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(79)90094-6","volume":"2","author":"DL Larsen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Larsen DL, Attkisson CC, Hargreaves WA, Nguyen TD. Assessment of client\/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale. Eval Program Plann. 1979;2:197\u2013207.","journal-title":"Eval Program Plann"},{"key":"1299_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-014-0983-0","volume":"50","author":"J Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams J, Leamy M, Bird V, Le C, Sam B, Francesca N. Development and evaluation of the INSPIRE measure of staff support for personal recovery. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2015;50:777\u201386.","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1299_CR32","unstructured":"The Danish Agency for Labour Market and Recruitment. The DREAM database, Statistics Denmark. https:\/\/www.dst.dk\/da\/TilSalg\/Forskningsservice\/Data\/Andre_Styrelser. Accessed 12 Jun 2020."},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1299_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811401482","volume":"39","author":"E Lynge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lynge E, Sandegaard JL, Rebolj M. The Danish National Patient Register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):30\u20133.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1299_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","volume":"39","author":"K Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen K. The Danish register of causes of death. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39(7 Suppl):26\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"key":"1299_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"M Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson M, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie R. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1299_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717","volume":"39","author":"HW Kildemoes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kildemoes HW, Sorensen HT, Hallas J. The Danish National Prescription Registry. Scand J Public Heal. 2011;39(7 Suppl):38\u201341.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Heal"},{"key":"1299_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2190\/QRY5-B61V-QE4R-8141","volume":"33","author":"RW Swindle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Swindle RW, Rao JK, Helmy A, Plue L, Zhou XH, Eckert GJ, et al. Integrating clinical nurse specialists into the treatment of primary care patients with depression. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2003;33:17\u201337.","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Med"},{"key":"1299_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-61","volume":"10","author":"M Buszewicz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Buszewicz M, Griffin M, McMahon EM, Beecham J, King M. Evaluation of a system of structured, pro-active care for chronic depression in primary care: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry. 2010;10:61.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-9-159","volume":"9","author":"ADT Muntingh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Muntingh ADT, van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, van Marwijk HWJ, Spinhoven P, Assendelft WJJ, de Waal MWM, et al. Collaborative stepped care for anxiety disorders in primary care: aims and design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:159.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1299_CR40","first-page":"875","volume":"48","author":"AH Mann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mann AH, Blizard R, Murray J, Smith JA, Botega N, MacDonald E, et al. An evaluation of practice nurses working with general practitioners to treat people with depression. Br J Gen Pract. 1998;48:875\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1299_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3399\/096016407782317847","volume":"57","author":"L McMahon","year":"2007","unstructured":"McMahon L, Foran KM, Forrest SD, Taylor ML, Ingram G, Rajwal M, et al. Graduate mental health worker case management of depression in UK primary care: a pilot study. Br J Gen Pract. 2007;57:880\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1299_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.058032","volume":"195","author":"H-H K\u00f6nig","year":"2009","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig H-H, Born A, Heider D, Matschinger H, Heinrich S, Riedel-Heller SG, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a primary care model for anxiety disorders. Br J Psychiatry. 2009;195:308\u201317.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.46","volume":"185","author":"J Proudfoot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Proudfoot J, Ryden C, Everitt B, Shapiro DA, Goldberg D, Mann A, et al. Clinical efficacy of computerised cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression in primary care: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;185:46\u201354.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291702007225","volume":"33","author":"J Proudfoot","year":"2003","unstructured":"Proudfoot J, Goldberg D, Mann A, Everitt B, Marks I, Gray J. Computerized, interactive, multimedia cognitive-behavioural program for anxiety and depression in general practice. Psychol Med. 2003;33:217\u201327.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1299_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2003.12.013","volume":"57","author":"G Adams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Adams G, Gulliford M, Ukoumunne O, Eldridge S, Chinn S, Campbell M. Patterns of intra-cluster correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:785\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1299_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.09.013","volume":"60","author":"N Porta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Porta N, Bonet C, Cobo E. Discordance between reported intention-to-treat and per protocol analyses. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60:663\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1299_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"63","author":"LJ Julian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Julian LJ. Measures of Anxiety. Arthritis Care. 2011;63(11):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care"},{"key":"1299_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394718","volume":"39","author":"J Sahl Andersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sahl Andersen J, De Fine ON, Krasnik A. The Danish national health service register. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39:34\u20137.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"key":"1299_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809105287","volume":"37","author":"KU Wittrup-Jensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wittrup-Jensen KU, Lauridsen J, Pedersen KM, Gudex C. Generation of a Danish TTO value set for EQ-5D health states. Scand J Public Health. 2009;37:459\u201366.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"1299_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38219.481250.55","volume":"329","author":"AJ Dietrich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dietrich AJ, Oxman TE, Williams JW, Schulberg HC, Bruce ML, Lee PW, et al. Re-engineering systems for the treatment of depression in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial. Br Med J. 2004;329:602\u20135.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"1299_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.05.020","volume":"142","author":"E Aragon\u00e8s","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aragon\u00e8s E, Llu\u00eds Pi\u00f1ol J, Caballero A, L\u00f3pez-Cortacans G, Casaus P, Maria Hern\u00e1ndez J, et al. Effectiveness of a multi-component programme for managing depression in primary care: a cluster randomized trial. The INDI project. J Affect Disord. 2012;142:297\u2013305.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1299_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.125211","volume":"203","author":"DB Oosterbaan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oosterbaan DB, Verbraak MJPM, Terluin B, Hoogendoorn AW, Peyrot WJ, Muntingh A, et al. Collaborative stepped care v. care as usual for common mental disorders: 8-month, cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2013;203:132\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR53","first-page":"1","volume":"347","author":"DA Richards","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richards DA, Hill JJ, Gask L, Lovell K, Chew-graham C, Bower P, et al. Clinical effectiveness of collaborative care for depression in UK primary care (CADET): cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2013;347:1\u201310.","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"1299_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0663-4","volume":"23","author":"JT Ross","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ross JT, Tenhave T, Eakin AC, Difilippo S, Oslin DW. A randomized controlled trial of a close monitoring program for minor depression and distress. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23:1379\u201385.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1299_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-121","volume":"6","author":"EF Chaney","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaney EF, Rubenstein LV, Liu CF, Yano EM, Bolkan C, Lee M, et al. Implementing collaborative care for depression treatment in primary care: A cluster randomized evaluation of a quality improvement practice redesign. Implement Sci. 2011;6:121.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"key":"1299_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000353682","volume":"83","author":"A Muntingh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Muntingh A, van der Feltz-Cornelis C, van Marwijk H, Spinhoven P, Assendelft W, de Waal M, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative stepped care for anxiety disorders in primary care: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2014;83:37\u201344.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"1299_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00141-9","volume":"52","author":"S Ross","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ross S, Grant A, Counsell C, Gillespie W, Russell I, Prescott R. Barriers to participation in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999;52:1143\u201356.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1299_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3957-4","volume":"20","author":"M Briel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Briel M, Speich B, Von Elm E, Gloy V. Comparison of randomized controlled trials discontinued or revised for poor recruitment and completed trials with the same research question: a matched qualitative study. Trials. 2019;20:800.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"1299_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108114","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108114","volume":"9","author":"PA Coventry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coventry PA, Hudson JL, Kontopantelis E, Archer J, Richards DA, Gilbody S, et al. Characteristics of effective collaborative care for treatment of depression: a systematic review and meta-regression of 74 randomised controlled trials. PLoS One. 2014;9:e108114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0108114.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1299_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.023655","volume":"189","author":"P Bower","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bower P, Gilbody S, Richards D, Fletcher J, Sutton A. Collaborative care for depression in primary care. Making sense of a complex intervention: Systematic review and meta-regression. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189:484\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.023655.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR61","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Complex interventions in health. An overview of research methods","author":"LM Giangregorio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giangregorio LM, Thabane L. Pilot studies and feasibility studies for complex interventions. An introduction. In: Richards DA, Hallberg IR, editors. Complex interventions in health. An overview of research methods. New York: Routledge; 2015. p. 127\u201335."},{"key":"1299_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-7-9","volume":"7","author":"AM McDonald","year":"2006","unstructured":"McDonald AM, Knight RC, Campbell MK, Entwistle VA, Grant AM, Cook JA, et al. What influences recruitment to randomised controlled trials? A review of trials funded by two UK funding agencies. Trials. 2006;7:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Trials."},{"key":"1299_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16080919","volume":"175","author":"DG Robinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robinson DG, Schooler NR, Correll CU, John M, Kurian BT, Marcy P, et al. Psychopharmacological treatment in the RAISE-ETP study: outcomes of a manual and computer decision support system based intervention. Am J Psychiatry. 2018;175:169\u201379.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1299_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2011-100020","volume":"38","author":"L Damen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Damen L, van Agt F, de Boo T, Huysmans F. Terminating clinical trials without sufficient subjects. J Med Ethics. 2012;38:413\u20136.","journal-title":"J Med Ethics"},{"key":"1299_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.1361","volume":"311","author":"B Kasenda","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasenda B, Von Elm E, You J, Bl\u00fcmle A, Tomonaga Y, Saccilotto R, et al. Prevalence, characteristics, and publication of discontinued randomized trials. JAMA. 2014;311:1045\u201351.","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"1","key":"1299_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1191\/1740774504cn006rr","volume":"1","author":"SM Eldridge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Eldridge SM, Ashby D, Feder GS, Rudnicka AR, Ukoumunne OC. Lessons for cluster randomized trials in the twenty-first century: a systematic review of trials in primary care. Clin Trials. 2004;1(1):80\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1740774504cn006rr.","journal-title":"Clin Trials"},{"key":"1299_CR67","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Complex interventions in health. An overview of research methods","author":"S Treweek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Treweek S. Addressing issues in recruitment and retention using feasibility and pilot trials. In: Richards DA, Hallberg IR, editors. Complex interventions in health. An overview of research methods. New York: Routledge; 2015. p. 155\u201365."},{"key":"1299_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-3657-0","volume":"20","author":"NK Curth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Curth NK, Brinck-Claussen U, J\u00f8rgensen KB, Rosendal S, Hjorth\u00f8j C, Nordentoft M, et al. Collaborative care vs consultation liaison for depression and anxiety disorders in general practice: study protocol for two randomized controlled trials (the Danish Collabri flex trials). Trials. 2019;20:607.","journal-title":"Trials."}],"container-title":["BMC Family Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T09:36:21Z","timestamp":1669628181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-020-01299-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2296"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2296","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Regional Ethics Committee in the Capital Region of Denmark has approved the trial protocol (no: H-3-2013-203). Based on oral and written information, patients have provided written consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"234"}}