{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:03:29Z","timestamp":1793945009544,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]},{"name":"Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University","award":["(IO) R016132013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(IO) R016132013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Primary health care system plays a central role in caring for persons with diabetes. Thai National Health Examination Survey (NHES) reports that only 40% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) achieve optimal glycemic control. We sought to evaluate the quality of diabetic care (QOC), prevalence of microvascular complications, and associated risk factors among T2DM patients treated at primary care units in urban areas in Thailand.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A population-based, cross-sectional study of 488 T2DM patients aged over 35\u00a0years from 25 primary care units in Samutsakhon, Thailand was conducted during February 2018 to March 2019. Clinical targets of care (TOC) and processes of care (POC) were measured to evaluate QOC. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to explore the association between risk factors and glycemic control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>41.2% of women and 44.4% of men achieved hemoglobin A1C (A1C)\u2009&lt;\u200953\u00a0mmol\/mol, while 31.3% of women and 29.7% of men had poor glycemic control (A1C\u2009&gt;\u200963\u00a0mmol\/mol). 39 participants (8%) achieved all TOC and 318 participants (65.2%) achieved all POC. Significant risk factors for poor glycemic control included diabetes duration\u2009&gt;\u20096\u00a0years (AOR\u2009=\u20091.83, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.20\u20132.79), being overweight (AOR\u2009=\u20092.54, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.58\u20134.08), obesity (AOR\u2009=\u20091.71, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.05\u20132.89), triglycerides\u2009&gt;\u20091.7\u00a0mmol\/l (AOR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.25\u20132.78), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)\u2009\u2265\u20092.6\u00a0mmol\/l (AOR\u2009=\u20091.55, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.04\u20132.28). On the other hand, participants aged\u2009&gt;\u200965\u00a0years (AOR\u2009=\u20090.25, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.14\u20130.55) or achieved TOC indicators (AOR\u2009=\u20090.69, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.43\u20130.89) were significantly associated with glycemic control. Diabetic retinopathy was significantly related to obesity (AOR\u2009=\u20092.21, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.00\u20134.86), over waist circumference (AOR\u2009=\u20092.23, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.77\u20132.31), and diastolic blood pressure\u2009&gt;\u200990\u00a0mmHg (AOR\u2009=\u20091.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.48\u20131.96).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Access to essential diabetic screening in primary care units is crucial to determine status of disease control and guide disease management. Duration of T2DM, high body mass index, triglyceride and LDL-C were independently associated with poor glycemic control. Obesity was highly associated with diabetes retinopathy. Effort should be taken seriously toward monitoring these factors and providing effective care.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T14:04:28Z","timestamp":1661177068000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Control and complications of diabetes in urban primary care units in Thailand: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Thanapat","family":"Puangpet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanyaporn","family":"Pongkunakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahathai","family":"Chulkarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chutikan","family":"Bunlangjit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apinya","family":"Surawit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonggochpass","family":"Pinsawas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pichanun","family":"Mongkolsucharitkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korapat","family":"Mayurasakorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-2319","volume":"30","author":"W Aekplakorn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aekplakorn W, Abbott-Klafter J, Premgamone A, Dhanamun B, Chaikittiporn C, Chongsuvivatwong V, et al. Prevalence and management of diabetes and associated risk factors by regions of Thailand: Third National Health Examination Survey 2004. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(8):2007\u201312.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1823_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0099","volume":"34","author":"W Aekplakorn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aekplakorn W, Chariyalertsak S, Kessomboon P, Sangthong R, Inthawong R, Putwatana P, et al. Prevalence and management of diabetes and metabolic risk factors in Thai adults: the Thai National Health Examination Survey IV, 2009. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(9):1980\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1823_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654530","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/1654530","volume":"2018","author":"W Aekplakorn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aekplakorn W, Chariyalertsak S, Kessomboon P, Assanangkornchai S, Taneepanichskul S, Putwatana P. Prevalence of diabetes and relationship with socioeconomic status in the Thai population: National Health Examination Survey, 2004\u20132014. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:1654530.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1823_CR4","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas-9th Edition [Internet]. 2019 Available from: https:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org\/upload\/resources\/material\/20200302_133351_IDFATLAS9e-final-web.pdf#page=68&zoom=auto."},{"issue":"8","key":"1823_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e71810","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071810","volume":"8","author":"T Toyama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toyama T, Furuichi K, Ninomiya T, Shimizu M, Hara A, Iwata Y, et al. The impacts of albuminuria and low eGFR on the risk of cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, and renal events in diabetic patients: Meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e71810.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2486-7","volume":"17","author":"S Sieng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sieng S, Hurst C. A combination of process of care and clinical target among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in general medical clinics and specialist diabetes clinics at hospital levels. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17(1):533.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1823_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2010.00981.x","volume":"19","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Riewpaiboon A, Piyauthakit P, Riewpaiboon W, Boupaijit K, Panpuwong N, et al. Cost of diabetes and its complications in Thailand: A complete picture of economic burden. Health Soc Care Community. 2011;19(3):289\u201398.","journal-title":"Health Soc Care Community"},{"issue":"3","key":"1823_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e020406","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020406","volume":"8","author":"WP Aung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aung WP, Htet AS, Bjertness E, Stigum H, Chongsuvivatwong V, Kj\u00f8llesdal MKR. Urban-rural differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 25\u201374 year-old adults of the Yangon Region, Myanmar: two cross-sectional studies. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e020406.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14260","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93733-4","volume":"11","author":"B Sakboonyarat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakboonyarat B, Pima W, Chokbumrungsuk C, Pimpak T, Khunsri S, Ukritchon S, et al. National trends in the prevalence of glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes receiving continuous care in Thailand from 2011 to 2018. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):14260.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-9-11","volume":"9","author":"C Deerochanawong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deerochanawong C, Ferrario A. Diabetes management in Thailand: A literature review of the burden, costs, and outcomes. Global Health. 2013;9(1):11.","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"1823_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenfeld RM, Kelly JH, Agarwal M, Aspry K, Barnett T, Davis BC, et al. Dietary Interventions to Treat Type 2 Diabetes in Adults with a Goal of Remission: An Expert Consensus Statement from the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2022;16(3):342\u201362.","DOI":"10.1177\/15598276221087624"},{"issue":"8","key":"1823_CR12","first-page":"1094","volume":"92","author":"K Mayurasakorn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mayurasakorn K, Somthip N, Caengow S, Chulkarat N, Wanichsuwan M. Glycemic control and microvascular complications among type 2 diabetes at primary care units. J Med Assoc Thai. 2009;92(8):1094\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2174\/1874944501912010056","volume":"12","author":"P Khamthana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khamthana P, Meebunmak Y, Siramaneerat I. Exploring the type 2 diabetes management in the primary care setting in Ratchaburi province. Thailand Open Public Health J. 2019;12(1):56\u201360.","journal-title":"Thailand Open Public Health J"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1823_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S111","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S010","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(Supplement 1):S111\u201334.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1823_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0180977","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180977","volume":"12","author":"P Sonthon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sonthon P, Promthet S, Changsirikulchai S, Rangsin R, Thinkhamrop B, Rattanamongkolgul S, et al. The impact of the quality of care and other factors on progression of chronic kidney disease in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(7):e0180977.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1823_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-3-200302040-00015","volume":"138","author":"R Harris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harris R, Donahue K, Rathore SS, Frame P, Woolf SH, Lohr KN. Screening adults for type 2 diabetes: A review of the evidence for the U.S. preventive services task force. Ann Intern Med. 2003;138(3):215\u201329.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"9131","key":"1823_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","volume":"352","author":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","year":"1998","unstructured":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9131):837\u201353.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"7160","key":"1823_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7160.703","volume":"317","author":"T Robert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Robert T, Rury H, Irene S, Carole C, Valeria F, Susan M, et al. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38 UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. BMJ. 1998;317(7160):703\u201313.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1823_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-26","volume":"2","author":"J Worswick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Worswick J, Wayne SC, Bennett R, Fiander M, Mayhew A, Weir MC, et al. Improving quality of care for persons with diabetes: an overview of systematic reviews - what does the evidence tell us? Syst Rev. 2013;2:26.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1823_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001276","volume":"35","author":"C Thomopoulos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood-pressure-lowering treatment on outcome incidence in hypertension: 10 - Should blood pressure management differ in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus? Overview and meta-analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2017;35(5):922\u201344.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"6","key":"1823_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18574","volume":"313","author":"CA Emdin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Emdin CA, Rahimi K, Neal B, Callender T, Perkovic V, Patel A. Blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2015;313(6):603\u201315.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10017","key":"1823_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00805-3","volume":"387","author":"X Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, Bennett A, Neal B, Ninomiya T, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387(10017):435\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"17","key":"1823_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1001286","volume":"362","author":"WC Cushman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Grimm RH Jr, Cutler JA, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(17):1575\u201385.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9841","key":"1823_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60367-5","volume":"380","author":"B Mihaylova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, Keech A, Simes J, Barnes EH, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: Meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):581\u201390.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9607","key":"1823_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60104-X","volume":"371","author":"PM Kearney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kearney PM, Blackwell L, Collins R, Keech A, Simes J, Peto R, et al. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: A meta-analysis. Lancet. 2008;371(9607):117\u201325.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1823_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2415","volume":"29","author":"RH Knopp","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knopp RH, d\u2019Emden M, Smilde JG, Pocock SJ. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in the prevention of cardiovascular end points in subjects with type 2 diabetes: The Atorvastatin Study for Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Endpoints in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (ASPEN). Diabetes Care. 2006;29(7):1478\u201385.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1823_CR27","first-page":"0229665-e","volume":"15","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Quang ND, Banu R, Kumar H, Tham Y-C, Cheng C-Y, et al. Hypertension, blood pressure control and diabetic retinopathy in a large population-based study. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):0229665-e.","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"10","key":"1823_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2666","volume":"39","author":"R Aronson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aronson R, Orzech N, Ye C, Brown RE, Goldenberg R, Brown V. Specialist-led diabetes registries and prevalence of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: The Diabetes Registry Outcomes Project for A1C Reduction (DROP A1C). Diabetes Care. 2016;39(10):1711\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1Supplement_1","key":"1823_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S009","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(1Supplement_1):S90.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"1823_CR30","unstructured":"Diabetes Association of Thailand. Clinical practice guideline for diabetes 2017 [Internet]. Diabetes Association of Thailand. 2017. Available from: https:\/\/www.dmthai.org\/index.php\/knowledge\/healthcare-providers\/cpg\/443-guideline-diabetes-care-2017."},{"issue":"11","key":"1823_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000057","DOI":"10.1161\/HCQ.0000000000000057","volume":"12","author":"D Casay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casay D, Thomas R, Bhalla V, Commodore-Mensah Y, Heidenreich P, Kolte D. AHA\/ACC clinical performance and quality measures for adults with high blood pressure: A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on performance measures. Cir Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2019;12(11):e000057.","journal-title":"Cir Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"1823_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18(6):499\u2013502.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"1823_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.32.10.894","volume":"32","author":"RG Rate","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rate RG, Knowler WC, Morse HG, Bonnell MD, McVey J, Chervenak CL, et al. Diabetes mellitus in Hopi and Navajo Indians: Prevalence of microvascular complications. Diabetes. 1983;32(10):894.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"7258","key":"1823_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7258.405","volume":"321","author":"IM Stratton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321(7258):405.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"1823_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00007","volume":"158","author":"PE Stevens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stevens PE, Levin A. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(11):825\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.444","volume":"85","author":"A Levin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levin A, Stevens PE. Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD guideline: Behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward. Kidney Int. 2014;85(1):49\u201361.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1823_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S63","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.suppl_2.B39","volume":"27","author":"JA Mayfield","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Sander LJ, Janisse D, Pogach LM. Preventice foot care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:S63.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1823_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.22.4.162","volume":"22","author":"JS Skyler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Skyler JS. Effects of glycemic control on diabetes complications and on the prevention of diabetes. Clin Diabetes. 2004;22(4):162.","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1823_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.12.S1.89","volume":"12","author":"AA Vaag","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vaag AA. Glycemic control and prevention of microvascular and macrovascular disease in the STENO 2 study. Endocr Pract. 2006;12(Supplement 1):89\u201392.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"issue":"11","key":"1823_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4299-y","volume":"60","author":"RK Simmons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simmons RK, Griffin SJ, Lauritzen T, Sandb\u00e6k A. Effect of screening for type 2 diabetes on risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: A controlled trial among 139,075 individuals diagnosed with diabetes in Denmark between 2001 and 2009. Diabetologia. 2017;60(11):2192\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1823_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108539","volume":"170","author":"XJ Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu XJ, Wu HF, Li YT, Wang Y, Cheng H, Wang JJ, et al. Influence of health education on clinical parameters in type 2 diabetic subjects with and without hypertension: A longitudinal, comparative analysis in routine primary care settings. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;170:108539.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1823_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj215128","volume":"28","author":"HHX Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang HHX, Li YT, Wong MCS. Leveraging the power of health communication: messaging matters not only in clinical practice but also in public health. Hong Kong Med J. 2022;28(2):103\u20135.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13363","volume":"25","author":"XJ Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu XJ, Wang HHX, Li YT, Wu XY, Wang Y, Chen JH, et al. Healthcare needs, experiences and treatment burden in primary care patients with multimorbidity: An evaluation of process of care from patients\u2019 perspectives. Health Expect. 2022;25(1):203\u201313.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01454-4","volume":"22","author":"S Pati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pati S, Pati S, van den Akker M, Schellevis FG, Sahoo KC, Burgers JS. Managing diabetes mellitus with comorbidities in primary healthcare facilities in urban settings: a qualitative study among physicians in Odisha, India. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):99.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"1823_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0028-y","volume":"8","author":"CM Gant","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gant CM, Binnenmars SH, Harmelink M, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Bakker SJL, Navis G, et al. Real-life achievement of lipid-lowering treatment targets in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente: systemic assessment of pharmacological and nutritional factors. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8:24.","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1823_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2012.02.110243","volume":"25","author":"H Tapp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tapp H, Phillips SE, Waxman D, Alexander M, Brown R, Hall M. Multidisciplinary team approach to improved chronic care management for diabetic patients in an urban safety net ambulatory care clinic. J Am Board of Fam Med. 2012;25(2):245.","journal-title":"J Am Board of Fam Med"},{"key":"1823_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2016.10.005","volume":"44","author":"LA Chwastiak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chwastiak LA, Jackson SL, Russo J, DeKeyser P, Kiefer M, Belyeu B, et al. A collaborative care team to integrate behavioral health care and treatment of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes in an urban safety net primary care clinic. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2017;44:10\u20135.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1823_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.398","volume":"27","author":"G De Berardis","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Berardis G, Pellegrini F, Franciosi M, Belfiglio M, Di Nardo B, Greenfield S, et al. Quality of care and outcomes in type 2 diabetic patients: A comparison between general practice and diabetes clinics. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(2):398\u2013406.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1823_CR49","first-page":"406","volume":"4","author":"B Nasir","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nasir B, Abd Aziz A, Abdullah M, Norhayati N. Waist height ratio compared to body mass index and waist circumference in relation to glycemic control in Malay type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Int J Collab Res Inter Med Public Health. 2012;4:406.","journal-title":"Int J Collab Res Inter Med Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1823_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431","volume":"360","author":"W Duckworth","year":"2009","unstructured":"Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/2251-6581-13-55","volume":"13","author":"Z Maghbooli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maghbooli Z, Pasalar P, Keshtkar A, Farzadfar F, Larijani B. Predictive factors of diabetic complications: A possible link between family history of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2014;13(1):55.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0421-0","volume":"19","author":"Y Mamo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mamo Y, Bekele F, Nigussie T, Zewudie A. Determinants of poor glycemic control among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma zone, south west Ethiopia: A case control study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019;19(1):91.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.14423\/SMJ.0000000000000214","volume":"108","author":"N Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray N, Picone G, Sloan F, Yashkin A. Relation between BMI and diabetes mellitus and its complications among US older adults. South Med J. 2015;108(1):29\u201336.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88927-9","volume":"11","author":"G-R Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang G-R, Yuan M-X, Wan G, Zhang X-L, Fu H-J, Yuan S-Y, et al. Neck circumference and waist circumference associated with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes (Beijing Community Diabetes Study 23). Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):9491.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-019-0445-7","volume":"11","author":"P Saneei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saneei P, Shahdadian F, Moradi S, Ghavami A, Mohammadi H, Rouhani MH. Neck circumference in relation to glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2019;11(1):50.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"47","key":"1823_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22998","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000022998","volume":"99","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu H, Xu Y, Qin H, Lan C, Wang W. The correlation between neck circumference and risk factors in patients with hypertension: What matters. Medicine. 2020;99(47):e22998.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1823_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18565","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18565","volume":"5","author":"NH Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho NH, Oh TJ, Kim KM, Choi SH, Lee JH, Park KS, et al. Neck circumference and incidence of diabetes mellitus over 10 years in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Sci Rep. 2015;5:18565.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1823_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-007-0121-3","volume":"7","author":"HA Khan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khan HA, Sobki SH, Khan SA. Association between glycaemic control and serum lipids profile in type 2 diabetic patients: HbA1c predicts dyslipidaemia. Clin Exp Med. 2007;7(1):24\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1823_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018817692296","volume":"8","author":"A Hussain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hussain A, Ali I, Ijaz M, Rahim A. Correlation between hemoglobin A1c and serum lipid profile in Afghani patients with type 2 diabetes: Hemoglobin A1c prognosticates dyslipidemia. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2017;8(4):51\u20137.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1823_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.176","volume":"131","author":"AL Christman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christman AL, Selvin E, Margolis DJ, Lazarus GS, Garza LA. Hemoglobin A1c predicts healing rate in diabetic wounds. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(10):2121\u20137.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1823_CR61","first-page":"285","volume":"8","author":"H Mohammad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammad H, Girish T, Sarvajeet K, Surulivelrajan M. Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin levels with fasting and posprandial glucose in south indian type 2 diabetic patients. Inter J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;8(8):285\u20138.","journal-title":"Inter J Pharm Pharm Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T15:11:01Z","timestamp":1661181061000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-022-01823-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by Siriraj Institutional Review Board (095\/2560 (EC1)). All methods in this study were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. We obtained written informed consent from all subjects before data collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declared that there was no competing interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"212"}}