{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T04:59:43Z","timestamp":1794373183917,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Library, Copenhagen University Library"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing globally. Early diagnosis in primary care may have a role in ensuring proper intervention. We aimed to determine the prevalence and outcome of CKD in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed an observational cohort study in primary care in Copenhagen (2001\u20132015). Outcomes were stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), peripheral artery disease (PAD), all-cause- and cardiovascular mortality. We combined individuals with normal kidney function and CKD stage 2 as reference. We conducted cause-specific Cox proportional regressions to calculate the hazard ratios for outcomes according to CKD group. We explored the associations between kidney function and the outcomes examined using eGFR as a continuous variable modelled with penalised splines. All models were adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, existing CVD, heart failure, LDL cholesterol and use of antihypertensive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 171,133 individuals with at least two eGFR measurements of which the majority (n\u2009=\u2009157,002) had eGFR\u2009&gt;\u200960 ml\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      at index date, and 0.05% were in CKD stage 5. Event rates were low in eGFR\u2009&gt;\u200960 ml\/min\/1.73m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      but increased in those with higher stages of CKD. In adjusted analyses we observed an increase in hazard rates for every outcome with every increment in CKD stage. Compared to the reference group, individuals in CKD stage 4 had double the hazard rate of PAD, MI, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data from a large primary care cohort demonstrate an early increase in the risk of adverse outcomes already at CKD stage 3. This underlines the importance of studying early intervention in primary care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-023-02077-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T09:04:38Z","timestamp":1687338278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Chronic kidney disease in primary care: risk of cardiovascular events, end stage kidney disease and death"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Rikke","family":"Borg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margit","family":"Kriegbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia Klinten","family":"Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bent","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christen Lykkegaard","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2077_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johansen KL, Chertow GM, Foley RN, Gilbertson DT, Herzog CA, Ishani A, Israni AK, Ku E, Kurella Tamura M, Li S, et al. 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According to Danish legislation (Lov om Danmarks Statistik \u00a7\u00a01, stk. 3 afsnit 4), no ethical approval or patient consent was required because the patients were not approached at any time during the conduct of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"RB has done lectures and educational events for Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, and Astra Zenica, Advisory Boards for Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, and Astra Zenica, Vifor and Bayer. Har received and independent research grant from Boehringer Ingelheim. FP has served as a consultant, on advisory boards or as educator for AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sanofi, Mundipharma, MSD, Novartis, Amgen and has received research grants to institution from Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Amgen and AstraZeneca.  The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}