{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:46:25Z","timestamp":1771469185748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Early detection of long-term, often asymptomatic, middle ear infection in young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children is more likely to be achieved when ear health and hearing checks are routinely undertaken in primary healthcare. Evidence consistently demonstrates the adverse impacts of this condition on the development and wellbeing of children and their families. We aimed to develop feasible, evidence- and consensus-based primary healthcare recommendations addressing the components and timing of ear health and hearing checks for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged under 6 years, not already known to have, nor being actively managed for, ear and hearing problems.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 22-person working group comprising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous members from the primary healthcare, ear, hearing, and research sectors provided guidance of the project. A systematic scoping review addressed research questions relating to primary health ear health and hearing checks for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and other populations at increased risk of persistent ear health problems. Twelve primary studies and eleven guidelines published between 1998 and 2020 were identified and reviewed. Quality and certainty of evidence and risk of bias ratings were completed for studies and guidelines. In the absence of certain and direct evidence, findings and draft recommendations were presented for consensus input to a 79-member expert panel using a modified e-Delphi process. Recommendations were finalised in consultation with working group members and presented to expert panel members for input on considerations relating to implementation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Overall, the quality, certainty, and directness of evidence in the studies and guidelines reviewed was low. However, the findings provided a basis and structure for the draft recommendations presented during the consensus-building process. After two e-Delphi rounds, seven goals and eight recommendations on the components and timing of Ear Health and Hearing Checks in primary healthcare for young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children were developed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The systematic scoping review and consensus-building process provided a pragmatic approach for producing strong recommendations within a reasonably short timeframe, despite the low quality and certainty of evidence, and paucity of studies pertaining to primary healthcare settings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T12:02:30Z","timestamp":1710417750000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development of the national consensus statement on ear health and hearing check recommendations for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged under 6 years attending primary care: systematic scoping review and e-Delphi"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Harkus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivienne","family":"Marnane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"O\u2019Keeffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Kung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meagan","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica Kate","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lose","family":"Fonua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelvin","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Belfrage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.16378","volume":"59","author":"HJ Richmond","year":"2023","unstructured":"Richmond HJ, Swift VM, Doyle JE, Morrison NR, Weeks SA, Veselinovic T, et al. Early onset of otitis media is a strong predictor of subsequent disease in urban Aboriginal infants: Djaalinj Waakinj cohort study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2023;59(5):729\u201334.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-5-27","volume":"5","author":"PS Morris","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morris PS, Leach AJ, Silberberg P, Mellon G, Wilson C, Hamilton E, et al. Otitis media in young Aboriginal children from remote communities in Northern and Central Australia: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Pediatr. 2005;5(1):27.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2307_CR3","unstructured":"Gunasekera H. The burden of otitis media, hearing impairment, and associated determinants in urban Aboriginal children: Findings from the SEARCH study. Otitis Media Australia; Darwin. 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"2307_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anzjph.2023.100075","volume":"47","author":"J DeLacy","year":"2023","unstructured":"DeLacy J, Burgess L, Cutmore M, Sherriff S, Woolfenden S, Falster K, et al. Ear health and hearing in urban Aboriginal children. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2023;47(4):100075.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2307_CR5","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Ear and hearing health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people 2021. In: AIHW, editor. Canberra: Australian Government; 2022."},{"issue":"S9","key":"2307_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02925.x","volume":"191","author":"K Kong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kong K, Coates HL. Natural history, definitions, risk factors and burden of otitis media. Med J Aust. 2009;191(S9):S39-43.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08570-3","volume":"20","author":"J DeLacy","year":"2020","unstructured":"DeLacy J, Dune T, Macdonald JJ. The social determinants of otitis media in Aboriginal children in Australia: are we addressing the primary causes? A systematic content review. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):492.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2307_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-2828D","volume":"139","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhutta ZA, Guerrant RL, Nelson CA 3rd. Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and inflammation: the evolving global child health landscape. Pediatrics. 2017;139(Suppl 1):S12\u201322.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-019-1902-z","volume":"20","author":"S Chando","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chando S, Craig JC, Burgess L, Sherriff S, Purcell A, Gunasekera H, et al. Developmental risk among Aboriginal children living in urban areas in Australia: the Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health (SEARCH). BMC Pediatr. 2020;20(1):13.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR10","first-page":"S69","volume":"191","author":"CJ Williams","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williams CJ, Jacobs AM. The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes. Med J Aust. 2009;191(1):S69\u201372.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-2475","volume":"137","author":"MF Bell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bell MF, Bayliss DM, Glauert R, Harrison A, Ohan JL. Chronic illness and developmental vulnerability at school entry. Pediatrics. 2016;137(5):2\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2307_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15044","volume":"56","author":"J-Y Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su J-Y, Guthridge S, He VY, Howard D, Leach AJ. Impact of hearing impairment on early childhood development in Australian Aboriginal children: a data linkage study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2020;56:1597\u2013606.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"2307_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1071\/PY18162","volume":"26","author":"A Simpson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simpson A, Sarkic B, Enticott JC, Richardson Z, Buck K. Developmental vulnerability of Australian school-entry children with hearing loss. Aust J Prim Health. 2020;26:70\u20135.","journal-title":"Aust J Prim Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp3152129","volume":"31","author":"S Harkus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harkus S, Caso K, Hall S, Kung C, Manton T, Murthy S, et al. \u2018Sometimes they\u2019re gammin, playing tricks, but sometimes it\u2019s ears.\u2019 The perspectives of urban parents and carers of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children on their journey to diagnosis of persistent ear health and hearing problems. Public Health Res Pract. 2021;31(5):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2307_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13476","volume":"25","author":"L Campbell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campbell L, Reath J, Hu W, Gunasekera H, Askew D, Watego C, et al. The socioemotional challenges and consequences for caregivers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with otitis media: a qualitative study. Health Expect. 2022;25(4):1374\u201383.","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"key":"2307_CR16","unstructured":"Menzies School of Health Research. Otitis Media Guidelines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children Darwin: Menzies School of Health Research; 2020. Cited 2021 June 16. Available from: https:\/\/www.menzies.edu.au\/icms_docs\/324012_Otitis_Media_Guidelines_2020.pdf."},{"key":"2307_CR17","unstructured":"National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation and The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. National guide to a preventive health assessment for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people East Melbourne, Vic: RACGP; 2018. Cited 2021 June 22. Available from: https:\/\/www.racgp.org.au\/FSDEDEV\/media\/documents\/Clinical%20Resources\/Resources\/National-guide-3rd-ed-Sept-2018-web.pdf."},{"key":"2307_CR18","unstructured":"Office of the Auditor General Western Australia. Improving Aboriginal Childrens Ear Health. Western Australia 2019. Cited 2021 25 August. Available from: https:\/\/audit.wa.gov.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/Improving-Aborignal-Childrens-Ear-Health.pdf."},{"key":"2307_CR19","unstructured":"NSW Ministry of Health. My personal health record. St Leonards, New South Wales: NSW Ministry of Health; 2021. Cited 2021 10 June. Available from: https:\/\/www.health.nsw.gov.au\/kidsfamilies\/MCFhealth\/Publications\/blue-book.pdf."},{"key":"2307_CR20","unstructured":"Queensland Health. My personal health record. Queensland: Queensland Health; 2022."},{"key":"2307_CR21","unstructured":"ACT Government Health. My ACT personal health record. Australian Capital Territory: ACT Health; 2018."},{"key":"2307_CR22","unstructured":"Government of Western Australia Child and Adolescent Health Service. Guideline: Hearing and Ear Health. Perth: Government of Western Australia; 2023."},{"issue":"8","key":"2307_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.52100","volume":"219","author":"S Harkus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harkus S, Marnane V, O\u2019Keeffe I, Kung C, Ward M, Orr N, et al. Routine ear health and hearing checks for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged under 6 years attending primary care: a national consensus statement. Med J Aust. 2023;219(8):386\u201392.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"4","key":"2307_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5662\/wjm.v11.i4.116","volume":"11","author":"P Nasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nasa P, Jain R, Juneja D. Delphi methodology in healthcare research: How to decide its appropriateness. World J Methodol. 2021;11(4):116\u201329.","journal-title":"World J Methodol"},{"key":"2307_CR25","unstructured":"Centre for Open Science. Open Science Framework 2011-2023. Available from: www.osf.io."},{"issue":"4","key":"2307_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026","volume":"64","author":"G Guyatt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction-GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011;64(4):383\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2307_CR27","unstructured":"AGREE Next Steps Consortium. The AGREE II Instrument [Electronic version]. 2013. Available from: http:\/\/www.agreetrust.org."},{"issue":"8","key":"2307_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Internal Med. 2011;155(8):529\u201336.","journal-title":"Ann Internal Med"},{"key":"2307_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.06.005","volume":"69","author":"P Whiting","year":"2016","unstructured":"Whiting P, Savovic J, Higgins JP, Caldwell DM, Reeves BC, Shea B, et al. ROBIS: a new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;69:225\u201334.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2307_CR30","unstructured":"Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. Overview of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health status, 2021. Perth: Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet; 2022."},{"key":"2307_CR31","unstructured":"The Lowitja Institute. Lowitja Institute Wirundjeri Land, Australia: The Lowitja Institute; 2023. Cited 2021 June 16. Available from: https:\/\/www.lowitja.org.au\/."},{"key":"2307_CR32","unstructured":"The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Clinical Guidelines: The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners; 2023. Cited 2021 June 16. Available from: https:\/\/www.racgp.org.au\/clinical-resources\/clinical-guidelines."},{"key":"2307_CR33","unstructured":"Veritas Health Innovation. Covidence systematic review software Melbourne, Australia. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.covidence.org."},{"issue":"140","key":"2307_CR34","first-page":"5","volume":"22","author":"R Likert","year":"1932","unstructured":"Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology. 1932;22(140):5\u201355.","journal-title":"Archives of Psychology."},{"key":"2307_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2019.103208","volume":"95","author":"PA Harris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Minor BL, Elliott V, Fernandez M, O\u2019Neal L, et al. The REDCap consortium: Building an international community of software platform partners. J Biomed Inform. 2019;95:103208.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"2307_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"4","key":"2307_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","volume":"11","author":"V Braun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019;11(4):589\u201397.","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2307_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"2307_CR39","unstructured":"Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW. AH&MRC Ethical Guidelines: Key Principles (2020) V2.0. Strawberry Hills: Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council of NSW; 2020."},{"key":"2307_CR40","unstructured":"National Health and Medical Research Council. Ethical conduct in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and communities: Guidelines for researchers and stakeholders. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-020-00959-3","volume":"20","author":"S Harfield","year":"2020","unstructured":"Harfield S, Pearson O, Morey K, Kite E, Canuto K, Glover K, et al. Assessing the quality of health research from an Indigenous perspective: the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1):79.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"2307_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.04.030","volume":"46","author":"K Kleinman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kleinman K, Psoter KJ, Nyhan A, Solomon BS, Kim JM, Canares T. Evaluation of digital otoscopy in pediatric patients: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;46:150\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"7421","key":"2307_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7421.967","volume":"327","author":"S Pirozzo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pirozzo S, Papinczak T, Glasziou P. Whispered voice test for screening for hearing impairment in adults and children: systematic review. BMJ. 2003;327(7421):967\u201370.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2307_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2020.1718781","volume":"59","author":"K Mealings","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mealings K, Harkus S, Flesher B, Meyer A, Chung K, Dillon H. Detection of hearing problems in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children: a comparison between clinician-administered and self-administrated hearing tests. Int J Audiol. 2020;59(6):455\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000223","volume":"37","author":"F Mahomed-Asmail","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mahomed-Asmail F, de Swanepoel W, Eikelboom RH, Myburgh HC, Hall J 3rd. Clinical validity of hearScreen smartphone hearing screening for school children. Ear Hear. 2016;37(1):e11-7.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"3","key":"2307_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(00)00453-5","volume":"57","author":"V Newton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Newton V, Macharia I, Mugwe P, Ototo B, Kan S. Evaluation of the use of a questionnaire to detect hearing loss in Kenyan pre-school children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;57(3):229\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2018.1425001","volume":"57","author":"V Ramkumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramkumar V, Vanaja CS, Hall JW, Selvakumar K, Nagarajan R. Validation of DPOAE screening conducted by village health workers in a rural community with real-time click evoked tele-auditory brainstem response. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(5):370\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2307_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.9.884","volume":"161","author":"JHA Chianese","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chianese JHA, Paradise JL, Colborn DK, Kearney D, Rockette HE, Kurs-Lasky M. Spectral Gradient Acoustic Reflectometry compared with tympanometry in diagnosing middle ear effusion in children aged 6 to 24 months. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(9):884\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2307_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31825cac94","volume":"31","author":"KK Helenius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Helenius KK, Laine MK, Tahtinen PA, Lahti E, Ruohola A. Tympanometry in discrimination of otoscopic diagnoses in young ambulatory children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31(10):1003\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2307_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-014-0181-x","volume":"15","author":"P Abbott","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abbott P, Rosenkranz S, Hu W, Gunasekera H, Reath J. The effect and acceptability of tympanometry and pneumatic otoscopy in general practitioner diagnosis and management of childhood ear disease. BMC Fam Pract. 2014;15:181.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"8","key":"2307_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e183","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000273","volume":"33","author":"T Puhakka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Puhakka T, Pulkkinen J, Silvennoinen H, Heikkinen T. Comparison of spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry and tympanometry for detection of middle-ear effusion in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33(8):e183-6.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2307_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X20987783","volume":"29","author":"EMA Alenezi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alenezi EMA, Jajko K, Reid A, Locatelli-Smith A, McMahen CSE, Tao KFM, et al. Clinician-rated quality of video otoscopy recordings and still images for the asynchronous assessment of middle-ear disease. J Telemed Telecare. 2021;29(6):435\u201343.","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"6","key":"2307_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042297","volume":"11","author":"E Orzan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orzan E, Battelino S, Ciciriello E, Bonifacio S, Pellizzoni S, Saksida A. Reliability of parental assessment of auditory skills in young children: a cross-sectional study in Italian language. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2307_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. Year 2007 position statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. Pediatrics. 2007;120(4):898-921.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-2333"},{"key":"2307_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Academy of Family Physicians, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Otitis Media With Effusion. Otitis Media With Effusion Clinical Practice Guideline. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5):1412-29.","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.5.1412"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2307_CR56","first-page":"S1","volume":"154","author":"RM Rosenfeld","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenfeld RM, Shin JJ, Schwartz SR, Coggins R, Gagnon L, Hackell JM, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline: Otitis Media with Effusion (Update). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016;154(1 Suppl):S1\u201341.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"2307_CR57","unstructured":"American Academy of Audiology. Childhood Hearing Screening Guidelines: American Academy of Audiology; 2011. Cited 2021 June 17. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/hearingloss\/documents\/aaa_childhood-hearing-guidelines_2011.pdf."},{"key":"2307_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2016.06.003","volume":"87","author":"CH Heidemann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heidemann CH, Lous J, Berg J, Christensen JJ, Hakonsen SJ, Jakobsen M, et al. Danish guidelines on management of otitis media in preschool children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;87:154\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2307_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2012.27.8.835","volume":"27","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Park SK, Choi KY, Park SE, Chun YM, Kim KS, et al. Korean clinical practice guidelines: otitis media in children. J Korean Med Sci. 2012;27(8):835\u201348.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2307_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0181-5","volume":"165","author":"PS Lo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lo PS, Tong MC, Wong EM, van Hasselt CA. Parental suspicion of hearing loss in children with otitis media with effusion. Eur J Pediatr. 2006;165(12):851\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430050202514","volume":"18","author":"J Engel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Engel J, Anteunis L, Volovics A, Hendriks J, Marres E. Predictive value of parent-reported symptoms in the assessment of otitis media with effusion during infancy. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2000;18(1):25\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1154","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2689","volume":"125","author":"MK Laine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Laine MK, Tahtinen PA, Ruuskanen O, Huovinen P, Ruohola A. Symptoms or symptom-based scores cannot predict acute otitis media at otitis-prone age. Pediatrics. 2010;125(5):e1154-61.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2307_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2018.08.034","volume":"114","author":"LJ Dickinson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dickinson LJ, Nimmo M, Morton RP, Purdy SC. \u201cAsymptomatic\u201d South Auckland preschool children have significant hearing loss and middle ear disease. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;114:106\u201310.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2307_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2020.110552","volume":"141","author":"W Swierniak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Swierniak W, Gos E, Skarzynski PH, Czajka N, Skarzynski H. The accuracy of parental suspicion of hearing loss in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2021;141:110552.","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2307_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2019.02.009","volume":"46","author":"T Cakabay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cakabay T, Ustun Bezgin S, Tarakcioglu MC, Kocyigit M, Serin Keskinege B, Giran Ortekin S, et al. Why do infants pull their ears? Auris Nasus Larynx. 2019;46(5):803\u20137.","journal-title":"Auris Nasus Larynx."},{"key":"2307_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.21037\/ajo-21-24","volume":"5","author":"KM Kong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong KM, Hall ST, Palazzi K, Faulkner J, Hall B, Eisenberg R, et al. Otitis media and quality of life in NSW Aboriginal children. Aust J Otolaryngol. 2022;5:5.","journal-title":"Aust J Otolaryngol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2307_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3109\/17549507.2013.872296","volume":"16","author":"L Timms","year":"2014","unstructured":"Timms L, Williams C, Stokes SF, Kane R. Literacy skills of Australian Indigenous school children with and without otitis media and hearing loss. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2014;16(3):327\u201334.","journal-title":"Int J Speech Lang Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2307_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003","volume":"66","author":"JC Andrews","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrews JC, Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD, Pottie K, Meerpohl JJ, Coello PA, et al. GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation\u2019s direction and strength. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66(7):726\u201335.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2307_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32122207","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp32122207","volume":"33","author":"TC Ha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ha TC, McNamara M, Melo L, Frost EK, Moore GM. Filling the gap between evidence, policy and practice: are 45 and Up Study researchers planning for impact? Public Health Res Pract. 2023;33(1):e32122207.","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"key":"2307_CR70","unstructured":"National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation. National Framework for Continuous Quality Improvement in Primary Health Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People 2018-2023. Canberra: National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation; 2018."}],"container-title":["BMC Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T13:03:49Z","timestamp":1710421429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02307-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethics approvals for the sector consultation process were applied for, and received from, the Aboriginal Health and Medical Research Council (NSW), the Western Australian Aboriginal Health Ethics Committee, the Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committee (SA), the Menzies School of Health Research (NT), and the Hearing Australia Human Research Ethics Committee.All participants in the e-Delphi consultation process were informed of how their privacy would be protected and their data would be managed and gave consent to take part in the process. All members of the working group acknowledged in this document provided consent for their name to be published.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"86"}}