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Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear how primary care physicians manage insomnia after the introduction of novel hypnotics such as orexin receptor antagonists and melatonin receptor agonists. This Web-based questionnaire survey aimed to examine treatment strategies for insomnia in Japanese primary care practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One-hundred-and-seventeen primary care physicians were surveyed on the familiarity of each management option for insomnia on a binary response scale (0\u2009=\u2009\u201cunfamiliar\u201d; 1\u2009=\u2009\u201cfamiliar\u201d) and how they managed insomnia using a nine-point Likert scale (1\u2009=\u2009\u201cI never prescribe\/perform it\u201d; 9\u2009=\u2009\u201cI often prescribe\/perform it\u201d). Physicians who were unfamiliar with a management option were deemed to have never prescribed or performed it.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regarding medication, most physicians were familiar with novel hypnotics. Suvorexant was the most used hypnotic, followed by lemborexant and ramelteon. These novel hypnotics averaged 4.8\u20135.4 points and 4.0\u20134.7 points for sleep onset and sleep maintenance insomnia, respectively. By contrast, most benzodiazepines were seldom used below two points. Regarding psychotherapy, only approximately 40% of the physicians were familiar with cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and they rarely implemented it, at an average of 1.5\u20131.6 points. More physicians were familiar with single-component psychotherapies (i.e., relaxation, sleep restriction therapy, and stimulus control) compared to CBT-I, and 48\u201374% of them implemented it slightly more often, with scores ranging from 2.6 to 3.4 points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that Japanese primary care physicians seldom use CBT-I to treat insomnia. In addition, they use novel sleep medications more frequently than benzodiazepines in terms of pharmacotherapy. The use and availability of CBT-I in Japanese primary care might be facilitated by: educating primary care physicians, implementing brief or digital CBT-I, and\/or developing collaborations between primary care physicians and CBT-I specialists.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02449-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1718704947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment strategies for insomnia in Japanese primary care physicians\u2019 practice: A Web-based questionnaire survey"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Takeshima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenya","family":"Ie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morito","family":"Kise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiyoshi","family":"Shimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isa","family":"Okajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Kotorii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidehisa","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Kuriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Takaesu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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Online Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to questionnaire access.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Masahiro Takeshima has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Takeda Pharmaceutical; Otsuka Pharmaceutical; Daiichi Sankyo Company; Sumitomo Pharma; Meiji Seika Pharma; Viatris Pharmaceuticals Japan; Janssen, MSD; Eisai, Ltd.; and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. Hitoshi Sakurai has received grants from Takeda Science Foundation and manuscript and speaker fees from Eisai, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Meiji Seika Pharma, Shionogi Pharma, Yoshitomiyakuhin, Sumitomo Pharma, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, and Lundbeck Japan. Dr. Ken Inada has received personal fees\/grant support from Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Mochida, MSD, Novartis, Otsuka, Shionogi, Sumitomo Pharma, and Yoshitomiyakuhin in the last three years outside the submitted work. Yumi Aoki declares no conflicts of interest. Kenya Ie has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai and research grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (grant number: 18K15434, 22K15678) and the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (grant number: 21fk0108486h0001) outside the submitted work. Morito Kise declares no conflicts of interest. Eriko Yoshida declares no conflicts of interest. Kentaro Matsui has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Mejiseika Pharma, MSD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical, and Takeda Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Tomohiro Utsumi received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai. Akiyoshi Shimura has received lecture fees from Sumitomo Pharma, Nobelpharma, and Eisai outside the submitted work. Isa Okajima received grants from NEC Solution Innovators Co., Ltd., and Infocom Co., lecture fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; MSD K.K.; and Eisai Co., Ltd., and consultation fees from NEC Solution Innovators Co., Ltd. and Suntory Wellness Ltd. outside the submitted work. Nozomu Kotorii has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Takeda Pharmaceutical, MSD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Shionogi Pharma, and Janssen Pharmaceutical. Hidehisa Yamashita has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Mochida, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and MSD outside the submitted work. Masahiro Suzuki has received research grants from Mochida Pharmaceutical and Shionogi Pharma; research grants and speaker\u2019s honorarium from EA Pharma, Eisai, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Pharma, and Takeda Pharmaceutical; speaker\u2019s honorarium from Meiji Seika Pharma, MSD, Viatris, and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical; and payment for expert testimony from Mochida Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Kenichi Kuriyama has received research grants from Otsuka Pharmaceutical and Shionogi Pharma; research grants and speaker\u2019s honorarium from Meiji Seika Pharma, Eisai, MSD, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and Tsumura; and speaker\u2019s honorarium from Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical, and Sumitomo Pharma outside the submitted work. Eiji Shimizu has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Mochida Pharmaceutical, KYOWA Pharmaceutical Industry, Astellas, Kyorin, and Dainippon Pharma, and research funding from Sumitomo Pharma outside the submitted work. Kazuo Mishima has received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Nobelpharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, and MSD. Moreover, Kazuo Mishima has received research grants from Eisai, Sumitomo Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, AMED (grant number: JP21dk0307103KM), and the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (grant number: 19GC1012, 21GC0801) outside the submitted work. Koichiro Watanabe has received manuscript fees or speaker\u2019s honoraria from Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck Japan, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Sumitomo Pharma, and Takeda Pharmaceutical and received research\/grant support from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Meiji Seika Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, MSD, Otsu-ka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sumitomo Pharma, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. Moreover, Koichiro Watanabe is a consultant of Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Lundbeck Japan, Luye Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical, and Takeda Pharmaceutical outside the submitted work. Yoshikazu Takaesu has received lecture fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Meiji Seika Pharma, Kyowa Pharmaceutical, Eisai, MSD, and Yoshitomi and research funding from Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Meiji Seika Pharma, MSD, and Eisai outside the submitted work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"219"}}