{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T18:37:24Z","timestamp":1766428644607,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T07:42:46Z","timestamp":1736235766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Work-related stress and its associated factors among primary care doctors in Malaysia during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Shah","family":"Shahrudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nik Munirah","family":"Nik-Nasir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed-Syarif","family":"Mohamed-Yassin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2697_CR1","unstructured":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Strategies for Preventing Job Stress Suggested by NIOSH 1999 [cited 2023 12th June 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/niosh\/updates\/stresrel.html"},{"issue":"4","key":"2697_CR2","first-page":"33","volume":"18","author":"K Wilkins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wilkins K. Work stress among health care providers. Health Rep. 2007;18(4):33\u20136.","journal-title":"Health Rep"},{"key":"2697_CR3","unstructured":"Es O, editor. Stress Patterns and its Coping Strategies Among Physicians in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR4","first-page":"145","volume":"62","author":"A Boran","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boran A, Shawaheen M, Khader Y, Amarin Z, Hill Rice V. Work-related stress among health professionals in northern Jordan. Occupational medicine (Oxford. England). 2012;62(2):145\u20137.","journal-title":"England)"},{"key":"2697_CR5","unstructured":"George Mason University. Primary care physicians experience more burnout and anxiety than other health professions: ScienceDaily; 2020 [cited 2023 May 16, 2023]. Available from: www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2020\/05\/200520191407.htm"},{"issue":"6","key":"2697_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4815-x","volume":"34","author":"JZ Weiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiner JZ, McCloskey JK, Uratsu CS, Grant RW. Primary care physician stress driven by Social and Financial needs of Complex patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(6):818\u20139.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2019.08.034","volume":"133","author":"SW Yates","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yates SW. Physician stress and burnout. Am J Med. 2020;133(2):160\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.003","volume":"52","author":"D Bernal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bernal D, Campos-Serna J, Tobias A, Vargas-Prada S, Benavides FG, Serra C. Work-related psychosocial risk factors and musculoskeletal disorders in hospital nurses and nursing aides: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2015;52(2):635\u201348.","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"issue":"11","key":"2697_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2010.289","volume":"3","author":"N Bhatia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhatia N, Kishore J, Anand T, Jiloha RC. Occupational stress amongst nurses from two tertiary care hospitals in Delhi. Australasian Med J (Online). 2010;3(11):731.","journal-title":"Australasian Med J (Online)"},{"key":"2697_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-623420130000500024","volume":"47","author":"JS Urbanetto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Urbanetto JS, Magalh\u00e3es MCC, Maciel VO, Sant\u2019Anna VM, Gustavo AS, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE, et al. Work-related stress according to the demand-control model and minor psychic disorders in nursing workers. Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP. 2013;47:1180\u20136.","journal-title":"Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP"},{"key":"2697_CR11","first-page":"1057","volume":"16","author":"H Yaribeygi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yaribeygi H, Panahi Y, Sahraei H, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The impact of stress on body function: a review. EXCLI J. 2017;16:1057\u201372.","journal-title":"EXCLI J"},{"key":"2697_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-016-0158-2","volume":"15","author":"T Dagget","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dagget T, Molla A, Belachew T. Job related stress among nurses working in Jimma Zone public hospitals, South West Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2016;15:39.","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"key":"2697_CR13","unstructured":"Olayinka A, Osamudiamen OS, OjoAdeleke A. Occupational stress management among nurses in selected hospital in Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria. Eur J Experimental Biology. 2013;3."},{"issue":"6","key":"2697_CR14","first-page":"482","volume":"103","author":"E Fiabane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fiabane E, Giorgi I, Musian D, Sguazzin C, Argentero P. Occupational stress and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in rehabilitation units. La Medicina Del Lavoro. 2012;103(6):482\u201392.","journal-title":"La Medicina Del Lavoro"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Np1827","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513506604","volume":"27","author":"MC Chao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chao MC, Jou RC, Liao CC, Kuo CW. Workplace stress, job satisfaction, job performance, and turnover intention of health care workers in rural Taiwan. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(2):Np1827\u201336.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2697_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2834.2010.01073.x","volume":"18","author":"CI Teng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teng CI, Hsiao FJ, Chou TA. Nurse-perceived time pressure and patient-perceived care quality. J Nurs Manag. 2010;18(3):275\u201384.","journal-title":"J Nurs Manag"},{"key":"2697_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jang J, Kim I, Kim Y, Song J. Comparison of Work-Related Stress in Cluster of Workers\u2019 Suicides in Korea: Analysis of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, 2010\u20132017. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053013"},{"issue":"7","key":"2697_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-018-1330-7","volume":"91","author":"B Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi B. Job strain, long work hours, and suicidal ideation in US workers: a longitudinal study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018;91(7):865\u201375.","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_767_19","volume":"62","author":"A Ventriglio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ventriglio A, Watson C, Bhugra D. Suicide among doctors: a narrative review. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020;62(2):114\u201320.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"718","key":"2697_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e316","DOI":"10.3399\/BJGP.2021.0441","volume":"72","author":"C Karuna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karuna C, Palmer V, Scott A, Gunn J. Prevalence of burnout among GPs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Practice: J Royal Coll Gen Practitioners. 2022;72(718):e316\u201324.","journal-title":"Br J Gen Practice: J Royal Coll Gen Practitioners"},{"key":"2697_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-9-118","volume":"9","author":"P van den Hombergh","year":"2009","unstructured":"van den Hombergh P, K\u00fcnzi B, Elwyn G, van Doremalen J, Akkermans R, Grol R, et al. High workload and job stress are associated with lower practice performance in general practice: an observational study in 239 general practices in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009;9:118.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2697_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3016-y","volume":"16","author":"A Loerbroks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loerbroks A, Weigl M, Li J, Angerer P. Effort-reward imbalance and perceived quality of patient care: a cross-sectional study among physicians in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:342.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2697_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-1-200907070-00006","volume":"151","author":"M Linzer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Linzer M, Manwell LB, Williams ES, Bobula JA, Brown RL, Varkey AB, et al. Working conditions in primary care: physician reactions and care quality. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(1):28\u201336. w6-9.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2697_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131915607799","volume":"7","author":"J Rabatin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rabatin J, Williams E, Baier Manwell L, Schwartz MD, Brown RL, Linzer M. Predictors and outcomes of Burnout in Primary Care Physicians. J Prim care Community Health. 2016;7(1):41\u20133.","journal-title":"J Prim care Community Health"},{"key":"2697_CR25","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Director-General\u2019s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19\u201311 March 2020 2020 [cited 2023 12th June 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/director-general\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020"},{"issue":"6","key":"2697_CR26","first-page":"780","volume":"38","author":"C Fern\u00e1ndez-Aguilar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aguilar C, Casado-Aranda LA, Farr\u00e9s Fern\u00e1ndez M, Minu\u00e9 Lorenzo S. Has COVID-19 changed the workload for primary care physicians? The case of Spain. Fam Pract. 2021;38(6):780\u20135.","journal-title":"Fam Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e061531","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-061531","volume":"13","author":"J Laura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laura J, Claire H, Karen B. General practitioner well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study. BMJ Open. 2023;13(2):e061531.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2697_CR28","first-page":"182","volume":"8","author":"E Vamvakas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vamvakas E, Kontogeorgou I, Ntaountaki A, Karkouli G, Pisimisi E, Karampekiou E, et al. Occupational Stress and Quality of Life among Health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Crit care Med (Universitatea De Med si Farm din Targu-Mures). 2022;8(3):182\u201392.","journal-title":"J Crit care Med (Universitatea De Med si Farm din Targu-Mures)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2697_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.560","volume":"23","author":"K Shikino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shikino K, Kuriyama A, Sadohara M, Matsuo T, Nagasaki K, Nishimura Y, et al. Work-related stress and coping methods of internists and primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: a mixed-method study. J Gen Family Med. 2022;23(5):327\u201335.","journal-title":"J Gen Family Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/2392498","volume":"24","author":"RA Karasek","year":"1979","unstructured":"Karasek RA. Job demands, job decision latitude, and Mental strain: implications for job redesign. Adm Sci Q. 1979;24(2):285\u2013308.","journal-title":"Adm Sci Q"},{"issue":"7","key":"2697_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.7.694","volume":"71","author":"R Karasek","year":"1981","unstructured":"Karasek R, Baker D, Marxer F, Ahlbom A, Theorell T. Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men. Am J Public Health. 1981;71(7):694\u2013705.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2697_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113130","volume":"290","author":"RY Elbay","year":"2020","unstructured":"Elbay RY, Kurtulmu\u015f A, Arpac\u0131o\u011flu S, Karadere E. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in Covid-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113130.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2697_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","volume":"3","author":"J Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated with Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care workers exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e203976.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"2697_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e566","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1311","volume":"72","author":"M Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma M, Creutzfeldt CJ, Lewis A, Patel PV, Hartog C, Jannotta GE, et al. Health-Care professionals\u2019 perceptions of critical care resource availability and factors Associated with Mental Well-being during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): results from a US Survey. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(10):e566\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2697_CR35","first-page":"1862","volume":"7","author":"P Vanishree","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vanishree P. Stuti Prakash. Occupational stress among Indian doctors during COVID-19. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2020;7(9):1862\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Mol Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0172229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172229","volume":"12","author":"HM Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim HM, Sivasampu S, Khoo EM, Mohamad Noh K. Chasm in primary care provision in a universal health system: findings from a nationally representative survey of health facilities in Malaysia. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(2):e0172229.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2001.tb143537.x","volume":"175","author":"SJ McGlone","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGlone SJ, Chenoweth IG. Job demands and control as predictors of occupational satisfaction in general practice. Med J Australia. 2001;175(2):88\u201391.","journal-title":"Med J Australia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.03.043","volume":"71","author":"J Siegrist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siegrist J, Shackelton R, Link C, Marceau L, von dem Knesebeck O, McKinlay J. Work stress of primary care physicians in the US, UK and German health care systems. Soc Sci Med. 2010;71(2):298\u2013304.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2697_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.1988.62.1.220","volume":"62","author":"AP Wolfgang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wolfgang AP. The Health professions stress inventory. Psychol Rep. 1988;62(1):220\u20132.","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"2697_CR40","first-page":"e12117","volume":"14","author":"MA Bujang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bujang MA, Sa\u2019at N, Sidik TMITAB. Determination of minimum sample size requirement for multiple Linear regression and analysis of Covariance based on experimental and non-experimental studies. Epidemiol Biostatistics Public Health. 2017;14:e12117\u20131.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Biostatistics Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2697_CR41","first-page":"491","volume":"13","author":"A Hafiz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hafiz A, Ima-Nirwana S, Chin KY. Comparison of stress levels between physicians working in public and private hospitals in Johor, Malaysia. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(5):491\u20135.","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"2697_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palacios Nava M, Rom\u00e1n M, Stress. Burnout, Somatic Symptoms, and Working Conditions in Residents and Senior Doctors. MedDocs Publishers of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 2020;3:1030.","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/qn2jw"},{"issue":"1","key":"2697_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-021-01382-3","volume":"22","author":"M Dutour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dutour M, Kirchhoff A, Janssen C, Meleze S, Chevalier H, Levy-Amon S, et al. Family medicine practitioners\u2019 stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2021;22(1):36.","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"2697_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2478\/rjim-2020-0020","volume":"58","author":"DM Abdulah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdulah DM, Mohammed AA. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress in clinical practice: experience of doctors in Iraqi Kurdistan. Romanian J Intern Med = Revue Roumaine de Med Interne. 2020;58(4):219\u201327.","journal-title":"Romanian J Intern Med = Revue Roumaine de Med Interne"},{"issue":"4","key":"2697_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare8040484","volume":"8","author":"\u00c1M Ortega-Gal\u00e1n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ortega-Gal\u00e1n \u00c1M, Ruiz-Fern\u00e1ndez MD, Lirola M-J, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, et al. Professional quality of life and perceived stress in Health professionals before COVID-19 in Spain: primary and Hospital Care. Healthcare. 2020;8(4):484.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"3","key":"2697_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.auec.2021.12.001","volume":"25","author":"E Dixon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dixon E, Murphy M, Wynne R. A multidisciplinary, cross-sectional survey of burnout and wellbeing in emergency department staff during COVID-19. Australasian Emerg care. 2022;25(3):247\u201352.","journal-title":"Australasian Emerg care"},{"issue":"3","key":"2697_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.19.3.234","volume":"19","author":"R Burbeck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burbeck R, Coomber S, Robinson SM, Todd C. Occupational stress in consultants in accident and emergency medicine: a national survey of levels of stress at work. Emerg Med J. 2002;19(3):234\u20138.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e055035","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055035","volume":"12","author":"H Fernemark","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fernemark H, Skagerstr\u00f6m J, Seing I, H\u00e5rdstedt M, Schildmeijer K, Nilsen P. Working conditions in primary healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interview study with physicians in Sweden. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e055035.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2697_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.09.070","volume":"159","author":"S Wahlster","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wahlster S, Sharma M, Lewis AK, Patel PV, Hartog CS, Jannotta G, et al. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic\u2019s effect on critical Care resources and Health-Care providers: A Global Survey. Chest. 2021;159(2):619\u201333.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"22","key":"2697_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5205","volume":"323","author":"J Abbasi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbasi J. Prioritizing Physician Mental Health as COVID-19 marches on. JAMA. 2020;323(22):2235\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2697_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gunja MZ, Gumas ED, II RDW, Doty MM, Shah A, Fields K. Stressed Out and Burned Out: The Global Primary Care Crisis: The Commenwealth Fund; 2022 [cited 2023 18th April 2023]. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26099\/j2ag-mx88","DOI":"10.26099\/j2ag-mx88"},{"key":"2697_CR52","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Malaysia. Guidelines On Home Monitoring And Clinical Protocol At Primary Care For Category 1 And Category 2 (Mild). Confirmed Covid-19 cases-revised Version 24 March 2021. Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH); 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"2697_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0244172","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244172","volume":"15","author":"A Mostafa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mostafa A, Sabry W, Mostafa NS. COVID-19-related stigmatization among a sample of Egyptian healthcare workers. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(12):e0244172.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"2697_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.55.9.1055","volume":"55","author":"Y Bai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bai Y, Lin CC, Lin CY, Chen JY, Chue CM, Chou P. Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatric Serv (Washington DC). 2004;55(9):1055\u20137.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Serv (Washington DC)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2697_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30498-9","volume":"20","author":"S Bagcchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bagcchi S. Stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(7):782.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2697_CR56","unstructured":"Zaki M. Virus turns health workers in Egypt into \u2018outcasts\u2019. The Jakarta Post; 2020."},{"key":"2697_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.07.033","volume":"89","author":"R Ransing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ransing R, Ramalho R, de Filippis R, Ojeahere MI, Karaliuniene R, Orsolini L, et al. Infectious disease outbreak related stigma and discrimination during the COVID-19 pandemic: drivers, facilitators, manifestations, and outcomes across the world. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:555\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"2697_CR58","unstructured":"Mediavilla R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez E, Andreo J, Mor\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez I, Mu\u00f1oz-Sanjos\u00e9 A, Moreno-K\u00fcstner B, et al. Association between perceived discrimination and mental health outcomes among health workers during the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Revista de Psiquiatr\u00eda y Salud Mental; 2021."},{"issue":"3","key":"2697_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11030320","volume":"11","author":"A Schrimpf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schrimpf A, Bleckwenn M, Braesigk A. COVID-19 continues to Burden General practitioners: impact on workload, provision of Care, and intention to leave. Healthcare. 2023;11(3):320.","journal-title":"Healthcare"}],"container-title":["BMC Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T20:02:20Z","timestamp":1736280140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-024-02697-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or Ethics Committee) of Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor, Malaysia and the Malaysia Research Ethics Committee (MREC) from the National Medical Research Register (NMRR). The approval reference number from UiTM Research Ethics Committee is [REC\/12\/2021 (MR\/927)] and NMRR Project ID: NMRR ID-21-02232-U2A (IIR).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}