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This study is part of an ongoing larger research project in Nepal, which uses a randomised controlled trial for diabetes self-management in Nepal including oral health management. Ethics approval of this study has been obtained from the ethics review committees of Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal, the Ethics Review Committee of Tokyo Women\u2019s Medical University (200801), Japan, the Institutional Review Board of Kathmandu University, Nepal (#944\/2019P), and the Human Research Ethics Committee of Central Queensland University, Australia (#CQU RSH\/HE 0000022453). Verbal informed consent was obtained from all participants who participated in interviews via Zoom or telephone, and written informed consent was obtained from participants who were interviewed in person, which was approved by the ethics review committee of the Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal. Participants\u2019 approval was sought prior to audio recording the interview. The privacy and confidentiality of each participants\u2019 information gathered during the interviews is strictly maintained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"89"}}