{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T14:01:32Z","timestamp":1775743292831,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T04:54:12Z","timestamp":1770785652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bridging the knowledge gap: assessing heart failure awareness and educational needs among clinical physicians"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Hannaneh","family":"Yousefi-Koma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahshid","family":"Haji-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raha","family":"Parnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hajimoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Sharif-Kashani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farah","family":"Naghashzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rozita","family":"Jalalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Hajimoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Bozorg","family":"Savoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Hajimoradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masoume","family":"Avateffazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Esmail","family":"Gheydari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad-Sadegh","family":"Keshmiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Shafaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3215_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12005","volume":"1","author":"P Ponikowski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ponikowski P, Anker SD, AlHabib KF, Cowie MR, Force TL, Hu S, et al. Heart failure: preventing disease and death worldwide. ESC Heart Fail. 2014;1(1):4\u201325.","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"3","key":"3215_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.3165","volume":"26","author":"KM Talha","year":"2024","unstructured":"Talha KM, Januzzi JL, Meng T, Greene SJ, Vaduganathan M, Janicijevic TK, et al. Use of natriuretic peptides and echocardiography for diagnosing heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2024;26(3):551\u201360.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"3215_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SavareseG, Becher PM, Lund LH, Seferovic P, Rosano GMC, Coats AJS. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc Res. 2023;118(17):3272\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013.","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013"},{"issue":"6","key":"3215_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2010.04.004","volume":"16","author":"Heart Failure Society of America","year":"2010","unstructured":"Heart Failure Society of America. HFSA 2010 comprehensive heart failure practice guideline. J Card Fail. 2010;16(6):e1.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"key":"3215_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Betelhem M, Demissie D, Mengistu Bekele T, Habte A, Dabi W, Demissie BM, et al. Knowledge, attitude and associated factors towards heart failure management among nurses working in the cardiac unit of selected government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Nurs Res Rev. 2021;11:41\u201353.","DOI":"10.2147\/NRR.S329363"},{"issue":"14","key":"3215_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn196","volume":"29","author":"WJ Remme","year":"2008","unstructured":"Remme WJ, McMurray JJV, Hobbs FDR, Cohen-Solal A, Lopez-Sendon J, Boccanelli A, et al. Awareness and perception of heart failure among European cardiologists, internists, geriatricians, and primary care physicians. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(14):1739\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3215_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):E895\u20131032. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063. Cited 7 Jun 2025.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001063"},{"key":"3215_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDonaghTA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368"},{"issue":"4","key":"3215_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x","volume":"28","author":"A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH","year":"1975","unstructured":"Lawshe CH. A Quantitative approach, to content validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28(4):563\u201375.","journal-title":"Pers Psychol"},{"issue":"31","key":"3215_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E29805","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029805","volume":"101","author":"W Alhabeeb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alhabeeb W. Heart failure disease management program: A review. Medicine. 2022;101(31):E29805.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"3215_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318172","volume":"128","author":"VL Roger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure: A contemporary perspective. Circ Res. 2021;128(10):1421\u201334.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3215_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"SmeetsM, Van Roy S, Aertgeerts B, Vermandere M, Vaes B. Improving care for heart failure patients in primary care, GPs' perceptions: a qualitative evidence synthesis. BMJ Open. 2016;6(11):e013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013459.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013459"},{"key":"3215_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ShibataT, Mizuno A, Ohmori T, et al. Public awareness of palliative care for heart failure in Japan: a cross-sectional study. J Cardiol. 2024;84(4):274\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2024.05.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2024.05.012"},{"issue":"4","key":"3215_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000154568.43333.82","volume":"111","author":"L Mosca","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mosca L, Linfante AH, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Hayes SN, Walsh BW, et al. National study of physician awareness and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines. Circulation. 2005;111(4):499\u2013510.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3215_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.5603\/CJ.2013.0093","volume":"20","author":"A Parnicka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parnicka A, Wizner B, Fedyk-\u0141ukasik M, Windak A, Grodzicki T. Knowledge about heart failure in primary care: need for strengthening of continuing medical education. Cardiol J. 2013;20(4):356\u201363.","journal-title":"Cardiol J"},{"issue":"10","key":"3215_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.08.001","volume":"10","author":"L Erhardt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Erhardt L, Komajda M, Hobbs FDR, Soler-Soler J. Cardiologists\u2019 awareness and perceptions of guidelines for chronic heart failure. The address your heart survey. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(10):1020\u20135.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"3215_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2024.02.020","volume":"12","author":"JW Ostrominski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ostrominski JW, DeFilippis EM, Bansal K, Riello RJ, Bozkurt B, Heidenreich PA, et al. Contemporary American and European guidelines for heart failure management: JACC: heart failure guideline comparison. JACC Heart Fail. 2024;12(5):810\u201325.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"17","key":"3215_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.12.012","volume":"79","author":"PA Heidenreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, et al. 2022 AHA\/ACC\/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American college of Cardiology\/American heart association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(17):e263\u2013421.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"36","key":"3215_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","volume":"42","author":"TA McDonagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Baumbach A, B\u00f6hm M, Burri H, et al. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European society of cardiology (ESC) with the special contribution of the heart failure association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36):3599\u2013726.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["BMC Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:09:31Z","timestamp":1775740171000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03215-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-4553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in full accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, under approval number IR.SBMU.NRITLD.REC.1402.099. All participants have given written informed consent to complete the questionnaire, participate in this study, and the publication of the study results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants have given written informed consent to complete the questionnaire, participate in this study, and the publication of the study results.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"127"}}