{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:54:07Z","timestamp":1791413647495,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Servier Malaysia sdn. bhd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Prim. Care"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T01:13:47Z","timestamp":1783732427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and factors associated with controlled blood pressure among hypertensive patients in a Malaysian primary health clinic-a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"A\u2019qilah","family":"Baharudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faiz","family":"Baharudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aneesa Abdul","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240","volume":"75","author":"FD Fuchs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fuchs FD, Whelton PK. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension. 2020;75(2):285\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"4","key":"3447_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol."},{"key":"3447_CR3","unstructured":"Ak P. Clinical practice guidelines management of hypertension 5th edition (2018). 2018."},{"issue":"10064","key":"3447_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31919-5","volume":"389","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2017","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19\u00b71 million participants. Lancet. 2017;389(10064):37\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31919-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3447_CR5","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health. NHMS 2023. Available from: Cited 2025 May 25. https:\/\/iku.gov.my\/nhms-2023. Cited 25 May 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"3447_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5336\/medsci.2019-66559","volume":"40","author":"R Ghazali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghazali R, Lukman KA, Naing DKS, Kadir F, Jeffree MS, Robinson F, et al. Factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among hypertensive patients reported from different primary health clinics in Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia: a cross sectional study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2020;40(1):52\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5336\/medsci.2019-66559.","journal-title":"Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3447_CR7","first-page":"19","volume":"10","author":"AT Cheong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheong AT, Sazlina SG, Tong SF, Azah AS, Salmiah S. Poor blood pressure control and its associated factors among older people with hypertension: a cross-sectional study in six public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician. 2015;10(1):19\u201325.","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"issue":"7","key":"3447_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01259-1","volume":"46","author":"TD Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang TD, Ohkubo T, Bunyi ML, Chadachan VM, Chia YC, Kario K, et al. Current realities of home blood pressure monitoring from physicians\u2019 perspectives: results from Asia HBPM survey 2020. Hypertens Res. 2023;46(7):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-023-01259-1.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"3447_CR9","unstructured":"Institute for Public Health - NHMS 2019. Available from: Cited 2023 Apr 3. https:\/\/iku.moh.gov.my\/nhms-2019. Cited 3 Apr 2023."},{"issue":"11","key":"3447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0241909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241909","volume":"15","author":"E Hatah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatah E, Rahim N, Makmor-Bakry M, Shah NM, Mohamad N, Ahmad M, et al. Development and validation of Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool (MyMAAT) for diabetic patients. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(11):e0241909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0241909.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3447_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.51866\/oa.651","volume":"19","author":"SZ Suleiman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suleiman SZ, Htay MNN, Soe HHK, Low LYC, Alias SH, Yussof S, et al. Association between medication adherence and blood pressure control and factors associated with antihypertensive medication adherence in the Melaka Tengah District: a cross-sectional survey. Malays Fam Physician. 2024;19:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51866\/oa.651.","journal-title":"Malays Fam Physician"},{"key":"3447_CR12","unstructured":"Hypertension Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Attending Primary Care Clinics in Malaysia \u2013 MJPHM.org.my. Available from: Cited 2026 Jun 9. Cited 9 Jun 2026. https:\/\/www.mjphm.org.my\/hypertension-awareness-treatment-control-malaysia\/. Cited 9 Jun 2026."},{"issue":"1","key":"3447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14975","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14975","volume":"27","author":"H Alhawari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alhawari H, Albdour Z, Alshelleh S, Musleh J, Qouzah T, Qudisat T, et al. Gender differences in blood pressure control among hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2025;27(1):e14975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14975.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"3447_CR14","unstructured":"Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control among adults attending primary care clinics in Malaysia \u2013 MJPHM.org.my. Available from: Cited 2026 Jun 9. https:\/\/www.mjphm.org.my\/hypertension-awareness-treatment-control-malaysia\/. Cited 9 Jun 2026."},{"key":"3447_CR15","unstructured":"Resistant Hypertension | Johns Hopkins Medicine. Available from: Cited 2026 Jun 9. https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/high-blood-pressure-hypertension\/resistant-hypertension. Cited 9 Jun 2026."},{"issue":"7","key":"3447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312156","volume":"124","author":"MC Acelajado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Acelajado MC, Hughes ZH, Oparil S, Calhoun DA. Treatment of resistant and refractory hypertension. Circ Res. 2019;124(7):1061\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.312156.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"3447_CR17","unstructured":"Naha S, Gardner MJ, Khangura D, Kurukulasuriya LR, Sowers JR. Hypertension in Diabetes. In: Feingold KR, Adler RA, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Chrousos G, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000. Available from: PubMed PMID: 25905256. Cited 2026 Jun 9. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279027\/. PubMed PMID: 25905256.\u00a0Cited 9 Jun 2026."},{"key":"3447_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.07.010","author":"RG Bretzel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bretzel RG. Comorbidity of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in the clinical setting: a review of prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment perspectives. Clin Ther. 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.07.010.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"3447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP580","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513480232","volume":"27","author":"AT Cheong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheong AT, Tong SF, Sazlina SG, Azah AS, Salmiah MS. Blood pressure control among hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus in six public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2015;27(2):NP580-589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1010539513480232.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000803","volume":"142","author":"D Shimbo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimbo D, Artinian NT, Basile JN, Krakoff LR, Margolis KL, Rakotz MK, et al. Self-measured blood pressure monitoring at home: a joint policy statement from the american heart association and American medical association. Circulation. 2020;142(4):e42-63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000803.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10022","key":"3447_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8","volume":"387","author":"D Ettehad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, Anderson SG, Callender T, Emberson J, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387(10022):957\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01225-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5523516","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5523516","volume":"2021","author":"D Xiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiang D, Liu Y, Zhou S, Zhou E, Wang Y. Protective effects of estrogen on cardiovascular disease mediated by oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021;2021:5523516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5523516.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"4","key":"3447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5641","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005641","volume":"96","author":"TM Abegaz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abegaz TM, Shehab A, Gebreyohannes EA, Bhagavathula AS, Elnour AA. Nonadherence to antihypertensive drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(4):e5641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000005641.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"3","key":"3447_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.14212","volume":"23","author":"YC Chia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chia YC, Devaraj NK, Ching SM, Ooi PB, Chew MT, Chew BN, et al. Relationship of an adherence score with blood pressure control status among patients with hypertension and their determinants: findings from a nationwide blood pressure screening program. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021;23(3):638\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.14212.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"key":"3447_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387","volume-title":"Applied logistic regression","author":"DW Hosmer Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hosmer DW Jr, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons; 2013."}],"container-title":["BMC Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:37:49Z","timestamp":1791412669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12875-026-03447-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7499416\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2731-4553"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-4553","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by Medical Review and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia. The MREC approval was given on 24 May 2024 with NMRR ID: 24\u201300402-OMQ (IIR). The University Putra Malaysia Ethical Committee (JKEUPM) was also informed regarding this study and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"351"}}