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Care"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Global population ageing and rapid urbanization are increasing the prevalence of multimorbidity and complex health needs among older adults, emphasizing the importance of accessible and high-quality primary care. Continuity of care (CoC) is a core feature of person-centered primary care and has been linked to improved health outcomes, reduced mortality, and lower health care utilization. While general use of primary care has been associated with better self-rated health, evidence on the specific role of continuity of primary care remains limited. This study examined the association between CoC in primary care and self-rated health among adults aged 65 years and older living in three neighborhoods in Berlin, Germany.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cross-sectional data were drawn from the baseline survey of the\n                      <jats:italic>Ageing Well<\/jats:italic>\n                      study (December 2023 \u2013 June 2024, December 2024 \u2013 June 2025) in Berlin. 837 participants completed standardized face-to-face interviews. CoC was assessed by duration of care at a general practitioner\u2019s practice and duration of care with the same general practitioner. Self-rated health was measured using a single-item five-point scale. Linear regression models were fitted, adjusting for age, gender, subjective social status, lifetime morbidity, symptoms of depression, and anxiety. Missing data were addressed using listwise deletion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most participants reported a general practitioner as their usual care site (84.7%), and self-rated health was most frequently rated as good (41.6%). Continuity with a general practitioner was positively associated with self-rated health, although the magnitude of the association was small (b\u2009=\u20090.008, 95% CI: 0.002\u20130.015). Lifetime morbidity explained the largest proportion of unique variance in self-rated health. Depressive symptoms were associated with poorer self-rated health, while higher subjective social status was associated with better self-rated health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The association between CoC and self-rated health was small. These findings suggest that commonly used patient-reported outcomes may not adequately capture the effects of CoC in older adults. Future research should therefore consider more sensitive and process-oriented outcome measures to better capture the impact of CoC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      German Register for Clinical Studies (DRKS) (DRKS00033043, registered 16 November 2023); part of the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP),\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.drks.de\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/www.drks.de<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-026-03566-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:44:58Z","timestamp":1790217898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Which aspects of continuity of care in primary care are associated with better self-rated health? 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