{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:28:19Z","timestamp":1787020099841,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]],"date-time":"2015-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,17]],"date-time":"2015-02-17T04:11:41Z","timestamp":1424146301000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Assessment of esophageal involvement in systemic sclerosis and morphea (localized scleroderma) by clinical, endoscopic, manometric and pH metric features: a prospective comparative hospital based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tasleem","family":"Arif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qazi","family":"Masood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaswinder","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iffat","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"241_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curzio C. Discussionil anatomico-pratiche di un raro, e stravagante morbo cutaneo in una giovane donna felicemente curato in questo grande ospedale degl' incurabili. Napoli, Presso Giovanni di Simone, 1753. Curzio C. An account of an extraordinary disease of the skin and its cure. Translated by R. Watson. Philosophical Trans 1754, 48:579","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1753.0077"},{"key":"241_CR2","first-page":"870","volume":"88","author":"JC Yarze","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yarze JC, Varga J, Stamfl D, Castell DO, Jimenez SA. Esophageal function in systemic sclerosis: a prospective evaluation of motility and acid reflux in 36 patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:870\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.160.1.3715047","volume":"160","author":"WE Drane","year":"1986","unstructured":"Drane WE, Karvelis K, Johnson DA, Curran JJ, Silverman ED. Progressive systemic sclerosis: radionuclide esophageal scintigraphy and manometry. Radiology. 1986;160:73\u20136.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"241_CR4","first-page":"30","volume":"58","author":"TJ Poirier","year":"1972","unstructured":"Poirier TJ, Ranklin GB. Gastrointestinal manifestation of progressive systemic scleroderma based on a review of 364 cases. Am J Gastroenterol. 1972;58:30\u201344.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1998.00341.x","volume":"93","author":"G Lock","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lock G, Pfeifer M, Straub RH, Zeuner M, Lang B, Scholmerich J, et al. Association of esophageal dysfunction and pulmonary function impairment in systemic sclerosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:341\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63972-0","volume":"22","author":"MB Orringer","year":"1976","unstructured":"Orringer MB, Dabich L, Zarafonetis CJD, Sloan H. Gastroesophageal reflux in esophageal scleroderma: diagnosis and implications. Ann Thorac Surg. 1976;22:120\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"241_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01300380","volume":"37","author":"JR Murphy","year":"1992","unstructured":"Murphy JR, McNally P, Peller P, Shay SS. Prolonged clearance is the primary abnormal reflux parameter in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis and esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1992;37:833\u201341.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"241_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90223-3","volume":"77","author":"RJ Petrokubi","year":"1979","unstructured":"Petrokubi RJ, Jeffries GH. Cimetidine versus antacid in scleroderma with reflux esophagitis: a randomized double-blind controlled study. Gastroenterol. 1979;77:691\u20135.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01349.x","volume":"26","author":"DM Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang DM, Pathikonda M, Harrison M, Fisher RS, Friedenberg FK, Parkman HP. Symptoms and esophageal motility based on phenotypic findings of scleroderma. Diseases of the Esophagus. 2013;26:197\u2013203. doi:10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2012.01349.x.","journal-title":"Diseases of the Esophagus"},{"key":"241_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(80)90091-8","volume":"79","author":"S Cohen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Cohen S, Laufer I, Snape WJ, Shiau YF, Levine G, Jimenez S. The gastrointestinal manifestation of scleroderma: pathogenesis and management. Gastroenterol. 1980;79:155\u201366.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.7.4.402","volume":"7","author":"AM Summerling","year":"1966","unstructured":"Summerling AM. Oesophageal changes in systemic sclerosis. Gut. 1966;7:402\u20138.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"241_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-197303000-00002","volume":"265","author":"R Turner","year":"1973","unstructured":"Turner R, Lipshutz W, Miller W, Rittenberg G, Schumacher HR, Cohen S. Esophageal dysfunction in colllagen disease. Am J Med Sci. 1973;265:191\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"241_CR13","first-page":"945","volume":"15","author":"A Aubert","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aubert A, Lazareth I, Vayssairat M, Fiessinger JN, Petite JP. L\u2019oesophagite au cours de la scl\u00e9rodermiesyst\u00e9mique. Pr\u00e9valence-et-facteurs de survenue chez 46 patients. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1991;15:945\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"241_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(87)90376-7","volume":"82","author":"DA Katzka","year":"1987","unstructured":"Katzka DA, Reynolds JC, Saul SH, Plotkin A, Lang CA, Ouyang A, et al. Barrett\u2019s metapalasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in scleroderma. Am J Med. 1987;82:46\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"241_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2882","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21261","volume":"52","author":"J Wipff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wipff J, Allanore Y, Soussi F, Terris B, Abitbol V, Raymond J, et al. Prevalence of Barrett\u2019s esophagus in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2882\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"241_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000225549.19127.90","volume":"40","author":"EC Ebert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ebert EC. Esophageal disease in scleroderma. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:769\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"241_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.08.002","volume":"36","author":"SK Ntoumazios","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ntoumazios SK, Voulgari PV, Potsis K, Koutis E, Tsifetaki N, Assimakopoulos DA. Esophageal involvement in scleroderma: gastroesophageal reflux, the common problem. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2006;36(3):173\u201381. Epub 2006 Oct 11.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"241_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/S0365-05962009000200009","volume":"84","author":"PCQ Zancanaro","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zancanaro PCQ, Isaac AR, Garcia LT, Costa IMC. Localized scleroderma in children: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. An Bras Dermatol. 2009;84:161\u201372.","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol"},{"key":"241_CR19","first-page":"58","volume":"23","author":"Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee","year":"1980","unstructured":"Subcommittee for Scleroderma Criteria of the American Rheumatism Association Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee. Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23:58\u201390.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"241_CR20","first-page":"202","volume":"15","author":"EC Roy Le","year":"1988","unstructured":"Le Roy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1988;15:202\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"241_CR21","first-page":"13","volume-title":"The evaluation of medical care from the clinician\u2019s point of view, what should we measure, and can we trust our measurements ? In evaluation of efficacy of medical action","author":"FT Dombal","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dombal FT, Hall R. The evaluation of medical care from the clinician\u2019s point of view, what should we measure, and can we trust our measurements ? In evaluation of efficacy of medical action. Amsterdam: Elsevier-North Holland; 1979. p. 13\u201329."},{"key":"241_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8698230","volume":"111","author":"D Armstrong","year":"1996","unstructured":"Armstrong D, Bennett JR, Blum AL, Dent J, De Dombal FT, Galmiche JP, et al. The endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: a progress report on observer agreement. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:85\u201392.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"241_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.2.172","volume":"45","author":"L Lundell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lundell L, Dent J, Bennett J, Blum A, Armstrong D, Galmiche J, et al. Endoscopic assessment of esophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut. 1999;45:172\u201380.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"241_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(83)90187-7","volume":"84","author":"SB Benjamin","year":"1983","unstructured":"Benjamin SB, Richter JE, Cordova CM, Knuff TE, Castell DO. Prospective manometric evaluation with pharmacologic provocation of patients with suspected esophageal motility dysfunction. Gastroenterology. 1983;84:893\u2013901.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"241_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200608000-00008","volume":"40","author":"I Mainie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mainie I, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Comparison between the combined analysis and the De Meester Score to predict response to PPI therapy. J clin Gastroenterol. 2006;40:602\u20135.","journal-title":"J clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-74-5-714","volume":"74","author":"TA Medsger","year":"1971","unstructured":"Medsger TA, Masi AT. Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Ann Intern Med. 1971;74:714\u201321.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"241_CR27","first-page":"426","volume":"200","author":"HJ Heite","year":"1955","unstructured":"Heite HJ. Ergebnisse h\u00e4ufi gkeitanalytischer Untersuchungen bei der Sklerodermie. Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1955;200:426\u201333.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Syphilol"},{"key":"241_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1956.01550120049012","volume":"74","author":"HB Christianson","year":"1956","unstructured":"Christianson HB, Dorsey CS, Kierland RR, O\u2019Leary PA. Localized scleroderma: a clinical study of 235 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1956;74:629\u201339.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"241_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580150005001","volume":"84","author":"DL Tuffanelli","year":"1961","unstructured":"Tuffanelli DL, Winkelman RK. Systemic scleroderma: a clinical study of 727 cases. Arch Dermatol. 1961;84:359\u201367.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"241_CR30","first-page":"763","volume":"92","author":"G Lock","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lock G, Holstege A, Lang B, Scholmerich J. Gastrointestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:763\u201371.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70021-2","volume":"27","author":"S Rose","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rose S, Young MA, Reynolds JC. Gastrointestinal manifestations of scleroderma. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 1998;27:563\u201394.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"241_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00362.x","volume":"107","author":"TR Weihrauch","year":"1982","unstructured":"Weihrauch TR, Korting GW. Manometric assessment of oesophageal involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis, morphoea and Raynaud\u2019s disease. Brit J Dermatol. 1982;107:325\u201332.","journal-title":"Brit J Dermatol"},{"key":"241_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03180.x","volume":"24","author":"I Marie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marie I, Ducrott\u00e9 P, Denis P, Hellot MF, Levesque H. Oesophageal mucosal involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis receiving proton pump inhibitor therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24:1593\u2013601.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"241_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(94)90097-3","volume":"24","author":"M Abu-Shakra","year":"1994","unstructured":"Abu-Shakra M, Guillemin F, Lee P. Gastro-intestinal manifestations of systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1994;24:29\u201339.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"241_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90137-5","volume":"92","author":"BJ Zamost","year":"1987","unstructured":"Zamost BJ, Hirschberg J, Ippoloti AF, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Weinstein WN. Esophagitis in scleroderma. Prevalence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 1987;92:412\u20138.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"241_CR36","first-page":"371","volume":"41","author":"L Hendel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hendel L. Esophageal and small intestinal manifestations of progressive systemic sclerosis. Dan Med Bull. 1994;41:371\u201385.","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull"},{"key":"241_CR37","first-page":"93","volume":"88","author":"ML Castro Parga De","year":"1996","unstructured":"De Castro Parga ML, Alonso P, Garcia Porrua C, Prada JI. Esophageal mucosal lesions and scleroderma: pr\u00e9valence, symptoms and risk factors. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 1996;88:93\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"key":"241_CR38","first-page":"786","volume":"25","author":"G Guariso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guariso G, Conte S, Galeazzi F, Vettorato MG, Martini G, Zulian F. Esophageal involvement in juvenile localized scleroderma: a pilot study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25:786\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"241_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Article ID 3258","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/325826","volume":"2011","author":"M Lahcene","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lahcene M, Oumnia N, Matougui N, Boudjella M, Tebaibia A, Touchene B. Esophageal Involvement in Scleroderma: Clinical, Endoscopic, and Manometric Features. ISRN Rheumatology. 2011;2011:Article ID 325826. 5 pages, 2011. doi:10.5402\/2011\/325826.","journal-title":"ISRN Rheumatology"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"241_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2009.01.014","volume":"33","author":"M Lahcene","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lahcene M, Oumnia N, Matougui N, Boudjella M, Tebaibia A, Touchene B. Esophageal dysmotility in scleroderma: a prospective study of 183 cases. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2009;33(6\u20137):466\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"241_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes429","volume":"52","author":"E Savarino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Savarino E, Mei F, Parodi A, Ghio M, Furnari M, Gentile A, et al. Gastrointestinal motility disorder assessment in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2013;52:1095\u2013100.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"241_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.02804.x","volume":"23","author":"H Sallam","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sallam H, Mcnearney TA, Chen JDZ. Systematic review: pathophysiology and management of gastrointestinal dysmotility in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;23:691\u2013712.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"241_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.09.004","volume":"42","author":"L Gemignani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gemignani L, Savarino V, Ghio M, Parodi A, Zentilin P, de Bortoli N, et al. Lactulose breath test to assess oro-cecal transit delay and estimate esophageal dysmotility in scleroderma patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;42(5):522\u20139.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"241_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2008.09.022","volume":"69","author":"JE Pandolfino","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pandolfino JE, Vela MF. Esophageal-reflux monitoring. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(4):917\u201330.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"241_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909092245","volume":"24","author":"G Zaninotto","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zaninotto G, Peserico A, Costantini M, Salvador L, Rondinone R. Oesophageal motility and lower oesophageal sphincter competence in progressive systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1989;24:95\u2013102.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"241_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1595-y","volume":"32","author":"R Thonhofer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thonhofer R, Siegel C, Trummer M, Graninger W. Early endoscopy in systemic sclerosis without gastrointestinal symptoms. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32:165\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T20:09:30Z","timestamp":1566331770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0241-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"24"}}