{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:47:28Z","timestamp":1793854048253,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0353-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T08:42:17Z","timestamp":1444120937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Trends in upper gastrointestinal diagnosis over four decades in Lusaka, Zambia: a retrospective analysis of endoscopic findings"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Violet","family":"Kayamba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edford","family":"Sinkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stayner","family":"Mwanamakondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Soko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boniface","family":"Kawimbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Amadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Zulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Baptiste","family":"Nzaisenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Themba","family":"Banda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chipasha","family":"Mumbwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evans","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Munkonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12380","volume":"38","author":"A Sonnenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sonnenberg A. Historic changes of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013;38:329\u201342.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2009.10.008","volume":"23","author":"MJ Goldacre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goldacre MJ. Demography of aging and the epidemiology of gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2009;23:793\u2013804.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1314530","volume":"371","author":"AK Rustgi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rustgi AK, El-Serag HB. Esophageal cancer. NEJM. 2014;371:2499\u2013509.","journal-title":"NEJM"},{"key":"353_CR4","first-page":"222","volume":"70","author":"RJ Loffeld","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loffeld RJ, Liberov B, Dekkers PE. The changing prevalence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopic diagnoses: a single-centre study. Neth J Med. 2012;70:222\u20136.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"key":"353_CR5","unstructured":"National Cancer Intelligence Network. Incidence of stomach cancer in England, 1998\u20132007. http:\/\/www.ncin.org.uk\/publications\/data_briefings\/incidence_of_stomach_cancer_in_England , accessed on 13th February 2015."},{"key":"353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vyse AJ, Gay NJ, Hesketh LM, Andrews NJ, Marshall B, Thomas HI, et al. The burden of Helicobacter pylori infection in England and Wales. Epidemiol Infect 2002;128:411-7.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802006970"},{"key":"353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60643-6","volume":"381","author":"A Pennathur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pennathur A, Gibson MK, Jobe BA, Luketich JD. Oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet. 2013;381:400\u201312.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19981115)83:10<2049::AID-CNCR1>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"83","author":"SS Devesa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni Jr JF. Changing patterns in the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer. 1998;83:2049\u201353.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1323.2001.01847.x","volume":"88","author":"HM Kocher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kocher HM, Linklater K, Patel S, Ellul JP. Epidemiological study of oesophageal and gastric cancer in south-east England. Br J Surg. 2001;88:1249\u201357.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xia B, Xia HH, Ma CW, Wong KW, Fung FM, Hui CK, et al. Trends in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in family physician-referred uninvestigated dyspeptic patients in Hong Kong. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22: 243-9.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02554.x"},{"key":"353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong SN, Sollano JD, Chan MM, Carpio RE, Tady CS, Ismael AE, et al. Changing trends in peptic ulcer prevalence in a tertiary care setting in the Philippines: a seven-year study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;20:628-32.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03719.x"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06214.x","volume":"25","author":"S Nakajima","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nakajima S, Nishiyama Y, Yamaoka M, Yasuoka T, Cho E. Changes in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastrointestinal diseases in the past 17\u00a0years. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25 Suppl 1:S99\u2013110.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2980.2007.00304.x","volume":"8","author":"KL Goh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goh KL. Changing trends in gastrointestinal disease in the Asia-Pacific region. J Dig Dis. 2007;8:179\u201385.","journal-title":"J Dig Dis"},{"key":"353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-28032007000400008","volume":"44","author":"C Saul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saul C, Teixeira CR, Pereira-Lima JC, Torresini RJ. Prevalence reduction of duodenal ulcer: a Brazilian study (retrospective analysis in the last decade: 1996\u20132005). Arq Gastroenterol. 2007;44:320\u20134.","journal-title":"Arq Gastroenterol"},{"key":"353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E470","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29224","volume":"136","author":"NI Somdyala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Somdyala NI, Parkin DM, Sithole N, Bradshaw D. Trends in cancer incidence in rural Eastern Cape Province; South Africa, 1998\u20132012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:E470\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.4.429","volume":"33","author":"C Holcombe","year":"1992","unstructured":"Holcombe C. Helicobacter pylori: the African enigma. Gut. 1992;33:429\u201331.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"353_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1179\/136485909X398311","volume":"103","author":"NF Tanih","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tanih NF, Dube C, Green E, Mkwetshana N, Clarke AM, Ndip LM, et al. An African perspective on Helicobacter pylori: prevalence of human infection, drug resistance, and alternative approaches to treatment. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2009;103:189\u2013204.","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1323-1327.2001","volume":"39","author":"N Fernando","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fernando N, Holton J, Zulu I, Vaira D, Mwaba P, Kelly P. Helicobacter pylori infection in an urban African population. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39:1323\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"353_CR19","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.worldgastroenterology.org\/assets\/downloads\/en\/pdf\/guidelines\/11_helicobacter_pylori_developing_countries_en.pdf , Accessed on 21\/01\/15."},{"key":"353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0281","volume":"23","author":"DM Parkin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Jemal A. Cancer in Africa 2012. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014;23:953\u201366.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"353_CR21","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Forman D, Bray F, Dikshit R, et al. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013. Available from: http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr , accessed 18\/10\/2014."},{"key":"353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-6-16","volume":"6","author":"SM Mbulaiteye","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mbulaiteye SM, Bhatia K, Adebamowo C, Sasco AJ. HIV and cancer in Africa: mutual collaboration between HIV and cancer programs may provide timely research and public health data. Infect Agent Cancer. 2011;6:16.","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dominguez RL, Crockett SD, Lund JL, Suazo LP, Heidt P, Martin C, et al. Gastric cancer incidence estimation in a resource-limited nation: use of endoscopy registry methodology. Cancer Causes Control 2013;24:233-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-012-0109-5"},{"issue":"8390","key":"353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91818-X","volume":"1","author":"AC Bayley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bayley AC. Aggressive Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in Zambia, 1983. Lancet. 1984;1(8390):1318\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"353_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28063","volume":"133","author":"E Chokunonga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chokunonga E, Borok MZ, Chirenje ZM, Nyakabau AM, Parkin DM. Trends in the incidence of cancer in the black population of Harare, Zimbabwe 1991\u20132010. Int J Cancer. 2013;133:721\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28661","volume":"135","author":"HR Wabinga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wabinga HR, Nambooze S, Amulen PM, Okello C, Mbus L, Parkin DM. Trends in the incidence of cancer in Kampala, Uganda 1991\u20132010. Int J Cancer. 2014;135:432\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2000.01768.x","volume":"95","author":"KE Monkemuller","year":"2000","unstructured":"Monkemuller KE, Call SA, Lazenby AJ, Wilcox CM. Declining prevalence of opportunistic gastrointestinal disease in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95:457\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"353_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jemal A, Bray F, Forman D, O'Brien M, Ferlay J, Center M, et al. Cancer burden in Africa and opportunities for prevention. Cancer 2012;118:4372-84.","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27410"},{"key":"353_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26333","volume":"130","author":"BS Sylla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sylla BS, Wild CP. A million Africans a year dying from cancer by 2030: what can cancer research and control offer to the continent? Int J Cancer. 2012;130:245\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"353_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelly P, Katema M, Amadi B, Zimba L, Aparicio S, Mudenda V, et al. Gastrointestinal pathology in the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia - review of endoscopic and pathology records. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 2008;102:194-199.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.10.006"},{"key":"353_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.6159","volume":"103","author":"V Kayamba","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kayamba V, Asombang AW, Mudenda V, Lisulo MM, Sinkala E, Mwanamakondo S, et al. Gastric adenocarcinoma in Zambia: a case\u2013control study of HIV, lifestyle risk factors, and biomarkers of pathogenesis. S Afr Med J. 2013;103:255\u20139.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"353_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayamba V, Bateman AC, Asombang A, Shibemba A, Zyambo K, Banda T, et al. HIV infection and domestic smoke exposure, but not human papillomavirus, are risk factors for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Zambia: a case-control study, Cancer Medicine, 2014 in press. doi: 10.1002\/cam4.434 .","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.434"},{"key":"353_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Coupland VH, Allum W, Blazeby JM, Mendall MA, Hardwick RH, Linklater KM, et al. Incidence and survival of oesophageal and gastric cancer in England between 1998 and 2007, a population-based study. BMC Cancer 2012;12:11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-11"},{"key":"353_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mabula JB, McHembe MD, Koy M, Chalya PL, Massaga F, Rambau PF, et al. Gastric cancer at a university teaching hospital in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 232 cases. World J Surg Oncol 2012;10:257.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-10-257"},{"key":"353_CR35","unstructured":"Tettey M, Edwin F, Aniteye E, Sereboe L, Tamatey M, Ofosu-Appiah E, et al. The changing epidemiology of esophageal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa - the case of Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;13:6."},{"key":"353_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2009.00977.x","volume":"23","author":"RK Parker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parker RK, Dawsey SM, Abnet CC, White RE. Frequent occurrence of esophageal cancer in young people in western Kenya. Dis Esophagus. 2010;23:128\u201335.","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"353_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinkala E, Kapulu M, Besa E, Zyambo K, Chisoso NJ, Foster GR, et al. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is characterised by high blood markers of translocation, inflammation and fibrosis. Liver Int. In press.","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12891"},{"key":"353_CR38","first-page":"518","volume":"12","author":"ON Alema","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alema ON, Martin DO, Okello TR. Endoscopic findings in upper gastrointestinal bleeding patients at Lacor hospital, northern Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2012;12:518\u201321.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"353_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaka H, Koy M, Liwa A, Kabangila R, Mirambo M, Scheppach W, et al. A fibreoptic endoscopic study of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at 10.1186\/s12876-015-0353-8 Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania: a retrospective review of 240 cases. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:200.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-200"},{"key":"353_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.118039","volume":"59","author":"A Fares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fares A. Global patterns of seasonal variation in gastrointestinal diseases. J Postgrad Med. 2013;59:203\u20137.","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"353_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.11.002","volume":"106","author":"AW Asombang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Asombang AW, Kelly P. Gastric cancer in Africa: what do we know about incidence and risk factors? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106:69\u201374.","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"353_CR42","first-page":"S79","volume":"67","author":"P Kelly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kelly P, Saloojee H, Chen J, Chung RT. Non-communicable disease in HIV infected adults in Africa: gastrointestinal, hepatic and nutritional disorders. JAIDS. 2014;67 Suppl 1:S79\u201386.","journal-title":"JAIDS"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0353-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1498236669000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.biomedcentral.com\/1471-230X\/15\/127"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0353-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"article-number":"127"}}