{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:37:04Z","timestamp":1792103824435,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust","award":["105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,18]],"date-time":"2015-10-18T20:35:33Z","timestamp":1445200533000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Trans-anal irrigation therapy to treat adult chronic functional constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Emmett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Close","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Yiannakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"354_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.50613_1.x","volume":"100","author":"American College of Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation Task Force","year":"2005","unstructured":"American College of Gastroenterology Chronic Constipation Task Force. An evidence-based approach to the management of chronic constipation in north america. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100:1\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"354_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.67","volume":"110","author":"JJ Heidelbaugh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heidelbaugh JJ, Stelwagon M, Miller SA, Shea EP, Chey WD. The spectrum of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: US survey assessing symptoms, care seeking, and disease burden. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(4):580\u20137. \n                    http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/ajg.2015.67\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"9","key":"354_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.164","volume":"106","author":"NC Suares","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suares NC, Ford AC. Prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic idiopathic constipation in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011;106(9):1582\u201391. doi:\n                    10.1038\/ajg.2011.164\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"354_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2015.64","volume":"110","author":"T Sommers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sommers T, Corban C, Sengupta N, Jones M, Cheng V, Bollom A, et al. Emergency department burden of constipation in the United States from 2006 to 2011. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015;110(4):572\u20139. \n                    http:\/\/www.nature.com\/doifinder\/10.1038\/ajg.2015.64\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"7","key":"354_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2009.186","volume":"48","author":"E Ausili","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ausili E, Focarelli B, Tabacco F, Murolo D, Sigismondi M. Gasbarrini a, et al. Transanal irrigation in myelomeningocele children: an alternative, safe and valid approach for neurogenic constipation. Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia. 2010;48(7):560\u20135.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia"},{"issue":"9","key":"354_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2010.5","volume":"48","author":"A Emmanuel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Emmanuel A. Review of the efficacy and safety of transanal irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia. 2010;48(9):664\u201373.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia"},{"issue":"7","key":"354_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2008.159","volume":"47","author":"PM Faaborg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faaborg PM, Christensen P, Kvitsau B, Buntzen S, Laurberg S, Krogh K. Long-term outcome and safety of transanal colonic irrigation for neurogenic bowel dysfunction. Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia. 2009;47(7):545\u20139.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord Off J Int Med Soc Paraplegia"},{"issue":"5","key":"354_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903583855","volume":"45","author":"P Christensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christensen P, Krogh K. Transanal irrigation for disordered defecation: a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45(5):517\u201327.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"354_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181979341","volume":"52","author":"P Christensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen P, Krogh K, Buntzen S, Payandeh F. Laurberg Sl. Long-term outcome and safety of transanal irrigation for constipation and fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52(2):286\u201392.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"354_CR10","first-page":"858","volume":"2","author":"AM Tod","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tod AM, Stringer E, Levery C, Dean J. Rectal irrigation in the management of functional Bowel Disorders\u202f: a Review. Br J Nurs. 2007;2:858\u201365.","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"354_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Ann Intern Med. 2014;151(4):264\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"354_CR12","volume-title":"A Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool\u202f: for Non- randomized studies of interventions (ACROBAT-NRSI)","author":"J Sterne","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sterne J, Higgins JPT, Reeves BC. A Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool\u202f: for Non- randomized studies of interventions (ACROBAT-NRSI). 2014. \n                    http:\/\/www.riskofbias.info\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"6","key":"354_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2011.02797.x","volume":"14","author":"DSY Chan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chan DSY, Saklani A, Shah PR, Lewis M, Haray PN. Rectal irrigation: A useful tool in the armamentarium for functional bowel disorders. Color Dis. 2012;14(6):748\u201352.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"354_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6232","volume":"95","author":"SMP Koch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koch SMP, Melenhorst J, Van Gemert WG, Baeten CGMI. Prospective study of colonic irrigation for the treatment of defaecation disorders. Br J Surg. 2008;95(10):1273\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"22","key":"354_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i22.3101","volume":"13","author":"M Cazemier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cazemier M, Felt-Bersma RJF, Mulder CJJ. Anal plugs and retrograde colonic irrigation are helpful in fecal incontinence or constipation. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13(22):3101\u20135.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"354_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2004.00696.x","volume":"7","author":"MP Gosselink","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gosselink MP, Darby M, Zimmerman DDE, Smits AAA, van Kessel I, Hop WC, et al. Long-term follow-up of retrograde colonic irrigation for defaecation disturbances. Color Dis. 2005;7(1):65\u20139.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"354_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2004.00584.x","volume":"6","author":"AP Crawshaw","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crawshaw AP, Pigott L, Potter MA, Bartolo DCC. A retrospective evaluation of rectal irrigation in the treatment of disorders of faecal continence. Color Dis. 2004;6(3):185\u201390.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"key":"354_CR18","first-page":"39","volume":"19","author":"A Gardiner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gardiner A, Marshall J, Duthie G. Rectal irrigation for relief of functional bowel disorders. NursStand. 2004;19:39\u201342.","journal-title":"NursStand"},{"issue":"10","key":"354_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2013.22.10.575","volume":"22","author":"B Collins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Collins B, Norton C. Managing passive incontinence and incomplete evacuation. Br J Nurs. 2013;22(10):575\u201380.","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"354_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6498-0","volume":"46","author":"P Christensen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Christensen P, Olsen N, Krogh K, Bacher T, Laurberg S. Scintigraphic assessment of retrograde colonic washout in fecal incontinence and constipation. Dis Colon Rectum. 2003;46(1):68\u201376.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"6","key":"354_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2014.74","volume":"109","author":"A Emmanuel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Emmanuel A, Cools M, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R. Prucalopride improves bowel function and colonic transit time in patients with chronic constipation: an integrated analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109(6):887\u201394. \n                    http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4050523&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"354_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03320.x","volume":"25","author":"JF Johanson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johanson JF, Ueno R. Lubiprostone, a locally acting chloride channel activator, in adult patients with chronic constipation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate efficacy and safety. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007;25(11):1351\u201361.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"354_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03884.x","volume":"29","author":"EMM Quigley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Quigley EMM, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R, Ausma J. Clinical trial: the efficacy, impact on quality of life, and safety and tolerability of Prucalopride in severe chronic constipation-a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009;29(3):315\u201328.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"354_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2013.86","volume":"51","author":"AV Emmanuel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Emmanuel AV, Krogh K, Bazzocchi G, Leroi AM, Bremers A, Leder D, et al. Consensus review of best practice of transanal irrigation in adults. Spinal Cord. 2013;51(10):732\u20138. \n                    http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23958927\n                    \n                  .","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"354_CR25","series-title":"Health technology assessment","volume-title":"How to develop cost-conscious guidelines","author":"M Eccles","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eccles M, Mason J. How to develop cost-conscious guidelines, Health technology assessment. 2001."}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T12:35:13Z","timestamp":1583152513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-015-0354-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2015","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2015","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"139"}}