{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T23:59:58Z","timestamp":1787875198528,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T13:47:03Z","timestamp":1541684823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Relevance of vitamin D deficiency in patients with chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Massironi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Cavalcoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Zilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Del Gobbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clorinda","family":"Ciafardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Felicetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maddalena","family":"Peracchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"901_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711133372007","volume":"337","author":"BH Toh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Toh BH, van Driel IR, Gleeson PA. Pernicious anemia. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:1441\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"901_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2014.01.048","volume":"13","author":"BH Toh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Toh BH. Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune gastritis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13:459\u201362.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"901_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930410001705439","volume":"37","author":"BH Toh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Toh BH, Alderuccio F. Pernicious anaemia. Autoimmunity. 2004;37:357\u201361.","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"901_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-75315-2_37","volume-title":"Helicobacter pylori, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer","author":"E Solcia","year":"1990","unstructured":"Solcia E, Capella C, Fiocca R, Cornaggia M, Rindi G, Villani L, et al. Exocrine and endocrine epithelial changes in type A and B chronic gastritis. In: Malfertheiner P, Ditschuneit H, editors. Helicobacter pylori, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 1990. p. 245\u201358."},{"key":"901_CR5","first-page":"559","volume-title":"Clinical hematology","author":"M Wintrobe","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wintrobe M, Lee G, Boggs D, Bithell T, Foerster J, Athens J, et al. Megaloblastic and nonmegaloblastic macrocytic anemias. In: Wintrobe M, Lee G, Boggs D, Bithell T, Foerster J, et al., editors. Clinical hematology. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1981. p. 559\u2013604.","edition":"8"},{"key":"901_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2012.11.004","volume":"95","author":"R Kozyraki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kozyraki R, Cases O. Vitamin B12 absorption: mammalian physiology and acquired and inherited disorders. Biochimie. 2013;95:1002\u20137.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"901_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15780","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i42.15780","volume":"20","author":"C Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves C, Oliveira ME, Palha AM, Ferr\u00e3o A, Morais A, Lopes AI. Autoimmune gastritis presenting as iron deficiency anemia in childhood. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:15780\u20136.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"901_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(06)73532-1","volume":"30","author":"S Lagarde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lagarde S, Jovenin N, Diebold MD, Jaussaud R, Cahn V, Bertin E, et al. Is there any relationship between pernicious anemia and iron deficiency? Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2006;30:1245\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"901_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-09-3534","volume":"107","author":"C Hershko","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hershko C, Ronson A, Souroujon M, Maschler I, Heyd J, Patz J. Variable hematologic presentation of autoimmune gastritis: age-related progression from iron deficiency to cobalamin depletion. Blood. 2006;107:1673\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"901_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193902000-00010","volume":"197","author":"H Alt","year":"1939","unstructured":"Alt H, Chinn H, Farmer C. The blood plasma ascorbic acid in patients with achlorhydria. Am J Med Sci. 1939;197:222\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"901_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02998342","volume":"8","author":"J Ludden","year":"1941","unstructured":"Ludden J, Flexner J, Wright I. Studies on ascorbic acid deficiency in gastric diseases: incidence, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Dig Dis. 1941;8:249\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Dig Dis"},{"key":"901_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i4.563","volume":"23","author":"F Cavalcoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cavalcoli F, Zilli A, Conte D, Massironi S. Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: a review. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:563\u201372.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"901_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-010-0338-1","volume":"21","author":"N Vilarrasa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vilarrasa N, San Jos\u00e9 P, Garc\u00eda I, G\u00f3mez-Vaquero C, Miras PM, de Gordejuela AG, et al. Evaluation of bone mineral density loss in morbidly obese women after gastric bypass: 3-year follow-up. Obes Surg. 2011;21:465\u201372.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"901_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3109\/00365520903434117","volume":"45","author":"P Sipponen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sipponen P, Harkonen M. Hypochlorhydric stomach: a risk condition for calcium malabsorption and osteoporosis? Scand J Gastroenterol. 2010;45:133\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"901_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070514","volume":"7","author":"JB Goerss","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goerss JB, Kim CH, Atkinson EJ, Eastell R, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ. Risk of fractures in patients with pernicious anemia. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;7:573\u20139.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"901_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101852","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101852","volume":"9","author":"HW Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim HW, Kim YH, Han K, Nam GE, Kim GS, Han BD, et al. Atrophic gastritis: a related factor for osteoporosis in elderly women. PLoS One. 2014;9:e101852.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"901_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2016.1141317","volume":"51","author":"KM Aasar\u00f8d","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aasar\u00f8d KM, Mosti MP, Stunes AK, Reseland JE, Basso T, Syversen U, et al. Impaired skeletal health in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016;51:774\u201381.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"901_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198507113130202","volume":"313","author":"RR Recker","year":"1985","unstructured":"Recker RR. Calcium absorption and achlorhydria. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:70\u20133.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"901_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-66-5-917","volume":"66","author":"P Ivanovich","year":"1967","unstructured":"Ivanovich P, Fellows H, Rich C. The absorption of calcium carbonate. Ann Intern Med. 1967;66:917\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"901_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0820681","volume":"82","author":"R Eastell","year":"1992","unstructured":"Eastell R, Vieira NE, Yergey AL, Wahner HW, Silverstein MN, Kumar R, et al. Pernicious anaemia as a risk factor for osteoporosis. Clin Sci (Lond). 1992;82:681\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"901_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-1067","volume":"168","author":"S Massironi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Massironi S, Cavalcoli F, Rossi RE, Conte D, Spampatti MP, Ciafardini C, et al. Chronic autoimmune atrophic gastritis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: a transversal prospective study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2013;168:755\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"901_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-011-8255-1","volume":"42","author":"A Antico","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antico A, Tozzoli R, Giavarina D, Tonutti E, Bizzaro N. Hypovitaminosis D as predisposing factor for atrophic type a gastritis: a case-control study and review of the literature on the interaction of vitamin D with the immune system. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2012;42:355\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"901_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199610000-00001","volume":"20","author":"MF Dixon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. Classification and grading of gastritis. The updated Sydney system. International workshop on the histopathology of gastritis, Houston 1994. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:1161\u201381.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"901_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199501000-00001","volume":"19","author":"E Solcia","year":"1995","unstructured":"Solcia E, Fiocca R, Villani L, Luinetti O, Capella C. Hyperplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic enterochromaffin-like-cell proliferations of the gastric mucosa. Classification and histogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:S1\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"901_CR25","first-page":"766","volume":"94","author":"M Marignani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marignani M, Delle Fave G, Mecarocci S, Bordi C, Angeletti S, D'Ambra G, et al. High prevalence of atrophic body gastritis in patients with unexplained microcytic and macrocytic anemia: a prospective screening study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;94:766\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"901_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S373","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(11)60593-8","volume":"43","author":"M Rugge","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rugge M, Pennelli G, Pilozzi E, Fassan M, Ingravallo G, Russo VM, et al. Gastritis: the histology report. Dig Liver Dis. 2011;43(Suppl 4):S373\u201384.","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"901_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529109093193","volume":"180","author":"E Solcia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Solcia E, Fiocca R, Villani L, Gianatti A, Cornaggia M, Chiaravalli A, et al. Morphology and pathogenesis of endocrine hyperplasias, precarcinoid lesions, and carcinoids arising in chronic atrophic gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1991;180:146\u201359.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl"},{"key":"901_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024487118457","volume":"80","author":"S Swami","year":"2003","unstructured":"Swami S, Raghavachari N, Muller UR, Bao YP, Feldman D. Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2003;80:49\u201362.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"901_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012252687-9\/50016-4","volume-title":"Vitamin D","author":"G. KERR WHITFIELD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Whitfield GK, Jurutka PW, Haussler CA, Hsieh JC, Barthel TK, Jacobs ET, Dominguez CE, Thatcher ML, Haussler MR. Nuclear Vitamin D Receptor: Structure-Function, Molecular Control of Gene Transcription, and Novel Bioactions. in: Feldman D, Pike JW, Glorieux FH, editors. Vitamin D. vol. 1. Oxford: Elsevier Academic Press; 2005. pp. 219-261. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-012252687-9\/50016-4\n                    \n                  ."},{"key":"901_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-12-0381","volume":"20","author":"C Leyssens","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leyssens C, Verlinden L, Verstuyf A. Antineoplastic effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its analogs in breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2013;20:R31\u201347.","journal-title":"Endocr Relat Cancer"},{"key":"901_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3691","volume":"14","author":"D Feldman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Giovannucci E, Feldman BJ. The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014;14:342\u201357.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"901_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.13403","volume":"7","author":"ET Jacobs","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacobs ET, Kohler LN, Kunihiro AG, Jurutka PW. Vitamin D and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers: a review of the epidemiological evidence. J Cancer. 2016;7:232\u201340.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"901_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1159\/000456619","volume":"105","author":"S Massironi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Massironi S, Zilli A, Bernasconi S, Fanetti I, Cavalcoli F, Ciafardini C, et al. Impact of vitamin D on the clinical outcome of gastro-Entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: report on a series from a single institute. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105:403\u201311.","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"901_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.01.007","volume":"124","author":"EW Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu EW, Bauer SR, Bain PA, Bauer DC. Proton pump inhibitors and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis of 11 international studies. Am J Med. 2011;124:519\u201326.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"901_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111254","volume":"73","author":"GW Bo-Linn","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bo-Linn GW, Davis GR, Buddrus DJ, Morawski SG, Santa Ana C, Fordtran JS. An evaluation of the importance of gastric acid secretion in the absorption of dietary calcium. J Clin Invest. 1984;73:640\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"901_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/53.6.1480","volume":"53","author":"TA Knox","year":"1991","unstructured":"Knox TA, Kassarjian Z, Dawson-Hughes B, Golner BB, Dallal GE, Arora S, et al. Calcium absorption in elderly subjects on high- and low-fiber diets: effect of gastric acidity. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:1480\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"901_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s002239900431","volume":"62","author":"Y Adachi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Adachi Y, Shiota E, Matsumata T, Iso Y, Yoh R, Kitano S. Bone mineral density in patients taking H2-receptor antagonist. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998;62:283\u20135.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"901_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1590\/S0482-50042012000600005","volume":"52","author":"AM Kakehasi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kakehasi AM, Carvalho AV, Maksud FA, Barbosa AJ. Serum levels of vitamin B12 are not related to low bone mineral density in postmenopausal Brazilian women. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012;52:863\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Reumatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:09:42Z","timestamp":1573171782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["901"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-018-0901-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 November 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All the subjects, after full explanation of the purpose and nature of all procedures used, gave their written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fondazione IRCCS Ca\u2032 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported<b>.<\/b>","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"172"}}