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The committee is constituted in accordance with the Governance arrangements for research ethics and complies fully with standard operating procedures for research committees in the UK. All subjects were over the age of 18 and gave written informed consent to take part in this study. Animal experimentation was ethically approved by the UK Home Office, performed under UK Home Office regulations and carried out by individuals holding a UK personal licence. Experimental protocol and handling was conducted in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) guidelines. 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