{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:28:20Z","timestamp":1787020100152,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Because of high-risk behaviours, sedentary lifestyle and side effects of medications, psychiatric patients are at risk of viral hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We aimed to study the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhotic complications in psychiatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified consecutive adult patients in all public hospitals and clinics in Hong Kong with psychiatric diagnoses between year 2003 and 2007 using the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System, which represents in-patient and out-patient data of approximately 80% of the 7.4-million local population. The patients were followed for liver-related events (HCC and cirrhotic complications) and deaths until December 2017. Age- and sex-standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of HCC in psychiatric patients to the general population was estimated by Poisson model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 105,763 psychiatric patients without prior liver-related events in the final analysis. During a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 12.4 (11.0\u201313.7) years, 1461 (1.4%) patients developed liver-related events; 472 (0.4%) patients developed HCC. Compared with the general population, psychiatric patients had increased incidence of HCC (SIR 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28\u20131.57,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The SIR was highest in patients with drug-induced (SIR 3.18, 95% CI 2.41\u20134.11,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and alcohol-induced mental disorders (SIR 2.98, 95% CI 2.30\u20133.81,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), but was also increased in patients with psychotic disorders (SIR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16\u20131.65,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and mood disorders (SIR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.34,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047). Liver disease was the fifth most common cause of death in this population, accounting for 595 of 10,614 (5.6%) deaths. Importantly, 569 (38.9%) patients were not known to have liver diseases at the time of liver-related events. The median age at HCC diagnosis (61 [range 26\u201383] years) was older and the median overall survival (8.0 [95% CI 5.0\u201310.9] months) after HCC diagnosis was shorter in this cohort of psychiatric patients than other reports from Hong Kong.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HCC, cirrhotic complications, and liver-related deaths are common in psychiatric patients, but liver diseases are often undiagnosed. More efforts are needed to identify liver diseases in the psychiatric population so that treatments and screening for HCC and varices can be provided to patients in need.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]],"date-time":"2020-04-29T05:03:49Z","timestamp":1588136629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic complications in patients with psychiatric illness: a territory-wide cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Terry Cheuk-Fung","family":"Yip","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace Lai-Hung","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee-Kit","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Becky Wing-Yan","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hester Wing-Sum","family":"Luk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Ho-Bun","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Kin-Kong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Kong","family":"Loo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Owen Tak-Yin","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven Woon-Choy","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry Lik-Yuen","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Kwok","family":"Wing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent Wai-Sun","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10100","key":"1277_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32152-9","volume":"390","author":"GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980-2016: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390(10100):1151\u2013210.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1277_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00505-2","volume":"3","author":"D Vigo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vigo D, Thornicroft G, Atun R. Estimating the true global burden of mental illness. Lancet Psychiat. 2016;3(2):171\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12355","volume":"29","author":"VW Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong VW, Wong GL, Chim AM, Cheng TF, Cheung SW, Lai CM, Szeto KJ, Tsang S, Wu SH, Yan KK, et al. Targeted hepatitis C screening among ex-injection drug users in the community. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;29(1):116\u201320.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1277_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30251","volume":"69","author":"Z Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi Z, Tacke F, Arrese M, Chander Sharma B, Mostafa I, Bugianesi E, Wai-Sun Wong V, Yilmaz Y, George J, Fan J, et al. Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2019;69(6):2672\u201382.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1277_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.04.034","volume":"155","author":"E Vilar-Gomez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vilar-Gomez E, Calzadilla-Bertot L, Wong VW, Castellanos M, Aller-de la Fuente R, Metwally M, Eslam M, Gonzalez-Fabian L, Alvarez-Quinones Sanz M, Conde-Martin AF, et al. Fibrosis severity as a determinant of cause-specific mortality in patients with advanced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multi-national cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(2):443\u201357 e417.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1277_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.05.057","volume":"17","author":"Z Younossi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Younossi Z, Stepanova M, Ong JP, Jacobson IM, Bugianesi E, Duseja A, Eguchi Y, Wong VW, Negro F, Yilmaz Y, et al. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis is the fastest growing cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in liver transplant candidates. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(4):748\u201355 e743.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1277_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852913000667","volume":"19","author":"D Marazziti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marazziti D, Rutigliano G, Baroni S, Landi P, Dell'Osso L. Metabolic syndrome and major depression. CNS spectrums. 2014;19(4):293\u2013304.","journal-title":"CNS spectrums"},{"key":"1277_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.07.022","volume":"101","author":"LE Rojo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rojo LE, Gaspar PA, Silva H, Risco L, Arena P, Cubillos-Robles K, Jara B. Metabolic syndrome and obesity among users of second generation antipsychotics: a global challenge for modern psychopharmacology. Pharmacol Res. 2015;101:74\u201385.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.095026","volume":"101","author":"HS Dashti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dashti HS, Follis JL, Smith CE, Tanaka T, Cade BE, Gottlieb DJ, Hruby A, Jacques PF, Lamon-Fava S, Richardson K, et al. Habitual sleep duration is associated with BMI and macronutrient intake and may be modified by CLOCK genetic variants. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015;101(1):135\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1277_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3658","volume":"37","author":"JW Chan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chan JW, Lam SP, Li SX, Yu MW, Chan NY, Zhang J, Wing YK. Eveningness and insomnia: independent risk factors of nonremission in major depressive disorder. Sleep. 2014;37(5):911\u20137.","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1277_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2011.03.006","volume":"33","author":"BE Fuller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuller BE, Rodriguez VL, Linke A, Sikirica M, Dirani R, Hauser P. Prevalence of liver disease in veterans with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011;33(3):232\u20137.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1277_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12165","volume":"33","author":"NA Youssef","year":"2013","unstructured":"Youssef NA, Abdelmalek MF, Binks M, Guy CD, Omenetti A, Smith AD, Diehl AM, Suzuki A. Associations of depression, anxiety and antidepressants with histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 2013;33(7):1062\u201370.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1277_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2017.1346114","volume":"40","author":"M Castillo-Sanchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castillo-Sanchez M, Fabregas-Escurriola M, Berge-Baquero D, Fernandez-San Martin M, Boreu QF, Goday-Arno A. Risk of underdiagnosis of hypertension in schizophrenia patients. Clin Exp Hypertens. 2018;40(2):167\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"issue":"24","key":"1277_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.144878","volume":"308","author":"AJ van der Meer","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Meer AJ, Veldt BJ, Feld JJ, Wedemeyer H, Dufour JF, Lammert F, Duarte-Rojo A, Heathcote EJ, Manns MP, Kuske L, et al. Association between sustained virological response and all-cause mortality among patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced hepatic fibrosis. Jama. 2012;308(24):2584\u201393.","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"5","key":"1277_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26301","volume":"58","author":"GL Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong GL, Chan HL, Mak CW, Lee SK, Ip ZM, Lam AT, Iu HW, Leung JM, Lai JW, Lo AO, et al. Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2013;58(5):1537\u201347.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1277_CR16","unstructured":"Cheng MC, Tong YH, Kwok TC, Cheng IT, Chung AP, Leung JK, Fung MT, Cheung NT. Development Journey of Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) in Hospital Authority of Hong Kong. MEDINFO. 2010. http:\/\/www.meduniwien.ac.at\/kpa\/publications\/MEDINFO_2010_--_Arden-Syntax-Based_Clinical_Decision_Support_Software--Abstract.pdf. Accessed 22 Apr 2020."},{"key":"1277_CR17","unstructured":"The Hospital Authority: Hospital authority statistical report 2012\u20132013. http:\/\/www.ha.org.hk\/haho\/ho\/stat\/HASR1415_2.pdf. Accessed 5 Mar 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR18","first-page":"6","volume":"22","author":"LP Man","year":"2016","unstructured":"Man LP, Ho AW, Wong SH. Excess mortality for operated geriatric hip fracture in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J. 2016;22(1):6\u201310.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1277_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14341","volume":"46","author":"JC Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong JC, Chan HL, Tse YK, Yip TC, Wong VW, Wong GL. Statins reduce the risk of liver decompensation and death in chronic viral hepatitis: a propensity score weighted landmark analysis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46(10):1001\u201310.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1277_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14945","volume":"48","author":"GL Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong GL, Chan HL, Tse YK, Yip TC, Lam KL, Lui GC, Szeto CC, Wong VW. Chronic kidney disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis B on tenofovir, entecavir, or no treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2018;48(9):984\u201392.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"1277_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1038\/s41395-018-0247-9","volume":"113","author":"TC Yip","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yip TC, Chan HL, Tse YK, Lam KL, Lui GC, Wong VW, Wong GL. On-treatment improvement of MELD score reduces death and hepatic events in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(11):1629\u201338.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1277_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy234","volume":"67","author":"JC Lai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lai JC, Wong GL, Yip TC, Tse YK, Lam KL, Lui GC, Chan HL, Wong VW. Chronic hepatitis B increases liver-related mortality of patients with acute hepatitis E: a Territorywide cohort study from 2000 to 2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(8):1278\u201384.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.09.018","volume":"68","author":"TC Yip","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yip TC, Wong GL, Wong VW, Tse YK, Lui GC, Lam KL, Chan HL. Durability of hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in untreated and nucleos(t)ide analogue-treated patients. J Hepatol. 2017;68(1):63\u201372.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1277_CR24","unstructured":"Hong Kong Cancer Registry: Cancer Statistics Query Systems. http:\/\/www3.ha.org.hk\/cancereg\/allages.asp. Accessed 15 May 2019."},{"key":"1277_CR25","unstructured":"Census and Statistics Department: Table 002 : Population by Age Group and Sex. https:\/\/www.censtatd.gov.hk\/hkstat\/sub\/sp150.jsp?tableID=002&ID=0&productType=8. Accessed 15 May 2019."},{"key":"1277_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong GL, Chan HL, Loo CK, Hui YT, Fung JY, Cheung D, Chung C, Chim AM, Wong VW. Hong Kong Association for the Study of liver D: change in treatment paradigm in people who previously injected drugs with chronic hepatitis C in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(9):1641\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.14622"},{"issue":"11","key":"1277_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13926","volume":"38","author":"YT Hui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hui YT, Wong GLH, Fung JYY, Chan HLY, Leung NWY, Liu SD, Liu K, Ma YK, But DYK, Mak WY, et al. Territory-wide population-based study of chronic hepatitis C infection and implications for hepatitis elimination in Hong Kong. Liver Int. 2018;38(11):1911\u20139.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"1277_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz038","volume":"219","author":"KSH Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu KSH, Seto WK, Lau EHY, Wong DK, Lam YF, Cheung KS, Mak LY, Ko KL, To WP, Law MWK, et al. A Territorywide prevalence study on blood-borne and enteric viral hepatitis in Hong Kong. J Infect Dis. 2019;219(12):1924\u201333.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1277_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300342","volume":"61","author":"VW Wong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wong VW, Chu WC, Wong GL, Chan RS, Chim AM, Ong A, Yeung DK, Yiu KK, Chu SH, Woo J, et al. Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in Hong Kong Chinese: a population study using proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and transient elastography. Gut. 2012;61(3):409\u201315.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.08.041","volume":"62","author":"VW Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong VW, Wong GL, Yeung DK, Lau TK, Chan CK, Chim AM, Abrigo JM, Chan RS, Woo J, Tse YK, et al. Incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Hong Kong: a population study with paired proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Hepatol. 2015;62(1):182\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1277_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(16)30205-9","volume":"2","author":"R Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris R, Harman DJ, Card TR, Aithal GP, Guha IN. Prevalence of clinically significant liver disease within the general population, as defined by non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis: a systematic review. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2(4):288\u201397.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1277_CR32","unstructured":"Census and Statistics Department: The Mortality Trend in Hong Kong, 1981 to 2015. https:\/\/www.statistics.gov.hk\/pub\/B71612FA2016XXXXB0100.pdf. Accessed 31 May 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","volume":"129","author":"LA Adams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adams LA, Lymp JF, St Sauver J, Sanderson SO, Lindor KD, Feldstein A, Angulo P. The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2005;129(1):113\u201321.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1277_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.02.032","volume":"146","author":"T Yau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yau T, Tang VY, Yao TJ, Fan ST, Lo CM, Poon RT. Development of Hong Kong liver Cancer staging system with treatment stratification for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(7):1691\u2013700 e1693.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1277_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309265","volume":"65","author":"R Kwok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwok R, Choi KC, Wong GL, Zhang Y, Chan HL, Luk AO, Shu SS, Chan AW, Yeung MW, Chan JC, et al. Screening diabetic patients for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements: a prospective cohort study. Gut. 2016;65(8):1359\u201368.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"1277_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29113","volume":"66","author":"A Unalp-Arida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unalp-Arida A, Ruhl CE. Liver fibrosis scores predict liver disease mortality in the United States population. Hepatology. 2017;66(1):84\u201395.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1277_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Gailer R, Tanwar S, Trembling P, Parkes J, Rodger A, Suri D, Thorburn D, Sennett K, Morgan S, et al. Prospective evaluation of a primary care referral pathway for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2019;71(2):371\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.033"},{"issue":"10","key":"1277_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.2675","volume":"28","author":"VW Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, Chan TC, Loong HH, Wong GL, Lui YY, Chan AT, Sung JJ, Yeo W, et al. Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(10):1660\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1277_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03112.x","volume":"24","author":"VW Wong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wong VW, Hui AY, Tsang SW, Chan JL, Wong GL, Chan AW, So WY, Cheng AY, Tong PC, Chan FK, et al. Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and postchallenge hyperglycaemia in Chinese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006;24(8):1215\u201322.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1277_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90329-W","volume":"102","author":"MJ Muller","year":"1992","unstructured":"Muller MJ, Willmann O, Rieger A, Fenk A, Selberg O, Lautz HU, Burger M, Balks HJ, von zur Muhlen A, Schmidt FW. Mechanism of insulin resistance associated with liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 1992;102(6):2033\u201341.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1277_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.192732","volume":"59","author":"F Negro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Negro F. Abnormalities of lipid metabolism in hepatitis C virus infection. Gut. 2010;59(9):1279\u201387.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"1277_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0163644","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163644","volume":"11","author":"S Hashimoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hashimoto S, Yatsuhashi H, Abiru S, Yamasaki K, Komori A, Nagaoka S, Saeki A, Uchida S, Bekki S, Kugiyama Y, et al. Rapid increase in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration during hepatitis C interferon-free treatment. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0163644.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"1277_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2174\/1574886311308030011","volume":"8","author":"SH Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park SH, Ishino R. Liver injury associated with antidepressants. Curr Drug Saf. 2013;8(3):207\u201323.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Saf"},{"issue":"18","key":"1277_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30464","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12826","volume":"8","author":"VC Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen VC, Lin CF, Hsieh YH, Liang HY, Huang KY, Chiu WC, Lee Y, McIntyre RS, Chan HL. Hepatocellular carcinoma and antidepressants: a nationwide population-based study. Oncotarget. 2017;8(18):30464\u201370.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"issue":"8","key":"1277_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584","volume":"72","author":"BF Grant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Chou SP, Jung J, Zhang H, Pickering RP, Ruan WJ, Smith SM, Huang B, et al. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions III. JAMA psychiatry. 2015;72(8):757\u201366.","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1277_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2018.01.026","volume":"16","author":"V Ajmera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajmera V, Belt P, Wilson LA, Gill RM, Loomba R, Kleiner DE, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Terrault N. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis clinical research N: among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, modest alcohol use is associated with less improvement in histologic Steatosis and Steatohepatitis. Clinl Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;16(9):1511\u201320 e1515.","journal-title":"Clinl Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1277_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.2.160","volume":"176","author":"H Killaspy","year":"2000","unstructured":"Killaspy H, Banerjee S, King M, Lloyd M. Prospective controlled study of psychiatric out-patient non-attendance. Characteristics and outcome. Br J psychiatry. 2000;176:160\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,28]],"date-time":"2021-04-28T19:36:57Z","timestamp":1619638617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1277"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01277-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Ref. No. 2018.230).The Ethics Committee waived the need for written consent as this was a retrospective study using deidentified registry data.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"This paper does not involve individual participant\u2019s data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"TCFY has served as a speaker for Gilead Sciences. GLHW has served as an advisory committee member for Gilead Sciences, and as a speaker for Abbott, Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Echosens, Furui, Gilead Sciences, Janssen and Roche. HLYC has served as an advisory committee member for AbbVie, Aligos, Aptorum, Altimmune, Arbutus, ContraVir, Intellia, Janssen, Gilead, Medimmune, Roche, Vaccitech, VenetoRx, Vir Biotechnology and GRAIL; and as a speaker for AbbVie, Gilead and Roche. VWSW has served as an advisor\/consultant for 3\u2009V-BIO, AbbVie, Allergan, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum Diagnostics, Pfizer and Terns; and a speaker for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Echosens, Gilead Sciences and Merck. GLHW, HLYC and VWSW have received research grants from Gilead Sciences. The other authors report no conflict of interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"128"}}