{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:34:16Z","timestamp":1792089256619,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which leads to acid reflux into the esophagus, is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Several studies have shown the prevalence of GERD in Iranian population, but their evidence is contradictory. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiology of GERD in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The entire steps of this systematic review and meta-analysis were based on the MOOSE protocol, and the results were reported accordance with the PRISMA guideline. This review is registered on PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020142861). To find potentially relevant published articles, comprehensive search was done on international online databases Scopus, Science Direct, EMBASE, PubMed\/Medline, CINAHL, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Iranian online databases and the Google Scholar search engine in June 2019. Cochran test and I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      index were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software ver. 2. The significance level of the test was considered to be\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009\u00a00.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The daily, weekly, monthly, and overall prevalence of GERD symptoms in Iranian population was 5.64% (95%CI [confidence interval]: 3.77\u20138.35%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200966,398), 12.50% (95%CI: 9.63\u201316.08%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009110,388), 18.62% (95%CI: 12.90\u201326.12%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200970,749) and 43.07% (95%CI: 35.00\u201351.53%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200973,189), respectively. The daily, weekly, monthly, and overall prevalence of heartburn in Iranian population was 2.46% (95%CI: 0.93\u20136.39%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918,774), 9.52% (95%CI: 6.16\u201314.41%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200954,125), 8.19% (95%CI: 2.42\u201324.30%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919,363) and 23.20% (95%CI: 13.56\u201336.79%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926,543), respectively. The daily, weekly, monthly, and overall prevalence of regurgitation in Iranian population was 4.00% (95%CI: 1.88\u20138.32%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200918,774), 9.79% (95%CI: 5.99\u201315.60%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941,140), 13.76% (95%CI: 6.18\u201344.31%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919,363) and 36.53% (95%CI: 19.30\u201358.08%;\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921,174), respectively. The sensitivity analysis for prevalence of all types GERD, heartburn and regurgitation symptoms by removing a study showed that the overall estimate is still robust.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present meta-analysis provides comprehensive and useful information on the epidemiology of GERD in Iran for policy-makers and health care providers. This study showed a high prevalence of GERD in Iran. Therefore, effective measures on GERD-related factors such as lifestyle can be among the health policies of Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1600063379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Karimian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Nourmohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Salamati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Hafezi Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Kazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milad","family":"Azami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00630.x","volume":"101","author":"N Vakil","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vakil N, Van Zanten SV, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterology. 2006;101(8):1900.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00454-7","volume":"55","author":"C Manterola","year":"2002","unstructured":"Manterola C, Mu\u00f1oz S, Grande L, Bustos L. Initial validation of a questionnaire for detecting gastroesophageal reflux disease in epidemiological settings. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55(10):1041\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.03.077","volume":"126","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2004","unstructured":"El-Serag HB, Petersen NJ, Carter J, Graham DY, Richardson P, Genta RM, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux among different racial groups in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(7):1692\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR4","first-page":"515","volume":"95","author":"DJ Mikami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mikami DJ, Murayama KM. Physiology and pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Clin. 2015;95(3):515\u201325.","journal-title":"Surg Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-200401000-00001","volume":"327","author":"DC Buckles","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buckles DC, Sarosiek I, McCallum RW, McMillin C. Delayed gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease: reassessment with new methods and symptomatic correlations. Am J Med Sci. 2004;327(1):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2003.01576.x","volume":"17","author":"W Wong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong W, Lam K, Lai K, Hui W, Hu W, Lam C, et al. A validated symptoms questionnaire (Chinese GERDQ) for the diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the Chinese population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003;17(11):1407\u201313.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1417_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim O, Jang HJ, Kim S, Lee HY, Cho E, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease and its related factors among women of reproductive age: Korea Nurses' Health Study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1133.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6031-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-018-0738-6","volume":"18","author":"T Ohba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ohba T, Ebata S, Koyama K, Haro H. Prevalence and key radiographic spinal malalignment parameters that influence the risk for gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients treated surgically for adult spinal deformity. BMC Gastroenterol. 2018;18(1):8.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318037556c","volume":"42","author":"M Kusano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kusano M, Hashizume K, Ehara Y, Shimoyama Y, Kawamura O, Mori M. Size of hiatus hernia correlates with severity of kyphosis, not with obesity, in elderly Japanese women. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(4):345\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1417_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.961","volume":"15","author":"A Mostaghni","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mostaghni A, Mehrabani D, Khademolhosseini F, Masoumi SJ, Moradi F, Zare N, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Qashqai migrating nomads, southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol: WJG. 2009;15(8):961.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG"},{"key":"1417_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vossoughinia H, Salari M, Amirmajdi EM, Saadatnia H, Abedini S, Shariati A, et al. An epidemiological study of gastroesophageal reflux disease and related risk factors in urban population of mashhad, iran. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(12);e15832.","DOI":"10.5812\/ircmj.15832"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.09.016","volume":"5","author":"HB El\u2013Serag","year":"2007","unstructured":"El\u2013Serag HB. Time trends of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5(1):17\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.14740\/gr753w","volume":"10","author":"S-W Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee S-W, Lee T-Y, Lien H-C, Peng Y-C, Yeh H-J, Chang C-S. Correlation between symptom severity and health-related life quality of a population with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol Res. 2017;10(2):78.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR14","first-page":"289","volume":"10","author":"M Nouraie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nouraie M, Razjouyan H, Assady M, Malekzadeh R, Nasseri-Moghaddam S. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in Tehran, Iran: a population-based telephone survey. Arch Iran Med. 2007;10(3):289\u201394.","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01208.x","volume":"102","author":"M Nouraie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nouraie M, Radmard AR, Zaer-Rezaii H, Razjouyan H, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Malekzadeh R. Hygiene could affect GERD prevalence independently: a population-based study in Tehran. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(7):1353.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR16","first-page":"138","volume":"8","author":"K Hatami","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hatami K, Pourshams A, Azimi K, Sarrafi M, Mehrabani M, Mostajabi P, et al. Dyspepsia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome among blood donors. Govaresh. 2003;8(4):138\u201346.","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR17","first-page":"145","volume":"11","author":"M Rogha","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rogha M, Mohabatian B, Daemi P, Bashardoost N, Pourshams A. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Esfahan. Govaresh. 2006;11(3):145\u20139.","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"1417_CR18","unstructured":"Mahmoudi S, Pourshams A, Akbari M, Malekzadeh R. The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and gastroesophageal reflux disease among Tehran University students. Govaresh. 2012;8(4):159\u201362."},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR19","first-page":"1878","volume":"27","author":"MH Somi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Somi MH, Farhang S, Mirinezhad K, Jazayeri E, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Moayeri S, et al. Prevalence and precipitating factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a young population of Tabriz, northwest of Iran. Saudi medical journal. 2006;27(12):1878.","journal-title":"Saudi medical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR20","first-page":"48","volume":"10","author":"A Pourshams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pourshams A, Rahmani A, Hatami K. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran. Govaresh. 2005;10(1):48\u201353.","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR21","first-page":"120","volume":"8","author":"G Bordbar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bordbar G, Bolandnazar N-S. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): prevalence and association with psychological disorders among medical sciences students. Int J PharmTech Res. 2015;8(7):120\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J PharmTech Res"},{"key":"1417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi A, Safaee A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Boghimi-Dehkordi B, Habibi M, Vahedi M, et al. Prevalence and demographic risk factors of gastrointestinal symptoms in Tehran province. Ital J Public Health. 2010;7(1).","DOI":"10.2427\/5745"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR23","first-page":"138","volume":"22","author":"M Khoshbaten","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khoshbaten M. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease in northwestern Tabriz, Iran. Ind J Gastroenterol. 2003;22(4):138\u20139.","journal-title":"Ind J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1417_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safaee A, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Pourhoseingholi M. Heartburn and related factors in general population in Tehran, capital of Iran. East Afr J Public Health. 2010;7(2).","DOI":"10.4314\/eajph.v7i2.64726"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR25","first-page":"2","volume":"6","author":"Z Honarkar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Honarkar Z, Baladast M, Khorram Z, Akhondi Sh AM, Masoodi M. An analysis of gastrointestinal symptoms in causalities of catastrophic earthquake of bam, Iran. Shiraz E-Med J. 2005;6(1):2.","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2017.16715","volume":"28","author":"AH Keshteli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keshteli AH, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Adibi P. Risk factors of bloating and its association with common gastrointestinal disorders in a sample of Iranian adults. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2017;28(3):179\u201390.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR27","first-page":"112","volume":"18","author":"S Shahravan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shahravan S, Maleki I. Prevalence and clinical conditions of gastroesophageal reflux: a population based study in sari city, Iran. Govaresh. 2013;18(2):112\u20133.","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"1417_CR28","unstructured":"Reshadat R, Fattahi N, Iri R, Saeedi B, Shahabbaspoor Z, Emami L, et al. Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux and its related factors in Sanandaj. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2017;22(4)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR29","first-page":"54","volume":"5","author":"A Pourhoseingholi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Barzegar F, Safaee A, Vahedi M, et al. Epidemiological features of gastro-esophageal reflux disease in Iran based on general population. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2012;5(1):54.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.15171\/mejdd.2017.63","volume":"9","author":"Z Khodamoradi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khodamoradi Z, Gandomkar A, Poustchi H, Salehi A, Imanieh MH, Etemadi A, et al. Prevalence and correlates of Gastroesophageal reflux disease in southern Iran: pars cohort study. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2017;9(3):129.","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"41","key":"1417_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5486","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i41.5486","volume":"13","author":"M Saberi-Firoozi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Saberi-Firoozi M, Khademolhosseini F, Yousefi M, Mehrabani D, Zare N, Heydari ST. Risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in shiraz, southern Iran. World J Gastroenterol: WJG. 2007;13(41):5486.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol: WJG"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR32","first-page":"176","volume":"28","author":"N Aletaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aletaha N, Pourshams A, Nouraie M, Malekshah AF, Malekzadeh R. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Gonbad city: the prevalence and risk factors. J Med Council Islamic Republic Iran. 2010;28(2):176\u2013234.","journal-title":"J Med Council Islamic Republic Iran"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03708.x","volume":"28","author":"S Nasseri-Moghaddam","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Mofid A, GHOTBI MH, Razjouyan H, Nouraie M, RAMARD AR, et al. Epidemiological study of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: reflux in spouse as a risk factor. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(1):144\u201353.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR34","first-page":"153","volume":"27","author":"A Solhpour","year":"2008","unstructured":"Solhpour A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Soltani F, Zarghi A, Habibi M, Ghafarnejad F, et al. Gastro-esophageal reflux symptoms and body mass index: no relation among the Iranian population. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2008;27(4):153\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1740-3391-8-9","volume":"8","author":"HR Saberi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Saberi HR, Moravveji AR. Gastrointestinal complaints in shift-working and day-working nurses in Iran. J Circadian Rhythms. 2010;8(1):9.","journal-title":"J Circadian Rhythms"},{"key":"1417_CR36","unstructured":"Hoseini-assal SK, Amra B. Respiratory symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux in adult population of more than 20 years old in Shahrekord. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2004;6(1):58\u201362."},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5200-7","volume":"63","author":"M Vakhshoori","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vakhshoori M, Keshteli AH, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Relationship between meal frequency and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Iranian adults. Dig Dis Sci. 2018;63(11):2998\u20133008.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR38","first-page":"175","volume":"4","author":"F Mansour-Ghanaei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Atshani SM, Chagharvand S, Souti F. The epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a survey on the prevalence and the associated factors in a random sample of the general population in the northern part of Iran. Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet. 2013;4(3):175.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Epidemiol Genet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089256","volume":"9","author":"F Islami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Islami F, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Semnani S, Kamangar F, et al. Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use\u2013a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89256.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1417_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karimian M, Salamati M, Azami M. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and increased risk of Barrett's esophagus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2020;20(1):138.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01267-2"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR41","first-page":"250","volume":"20","author":"K Sayehmiri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sayehmiri K, Tavan H. Systematic review and meta-analysis methods prevalence of peptic ulcer in IRAN. J Govaresh. 2015;20(4):250\u20138.","journal-title":"J Govaresh"},{"issue":"15","key":"1417_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","volume":"283","author":"DF Stroup","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA. 2000;283(15):2008\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):1.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"1417_CR44","volume-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"J Peterson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peterson J, Welch V, Losos M, Tugwell P. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa: Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; 2011."},{"key":"1417_CR45","volume-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","author":"S Green","year":"2008","unstructured":"Green S, Higgins J, Alderson P, Clarke M, Mulrow C, Oxman A. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. West Sussex: Wiley; 2008."},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X05282643","volume":"25","author":"A Ades","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ades A, Lu G, Higgins J. The interpretation of random-effects meta-analysis in decision models. Med Decis Mak. 2005;25(6):646\u201354.","journal-title":"Med Decis Mak"},{"issue":"7414","key":"1417_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04616.x","volume":"22","author":"MJ Ehsani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ehsani MJ, Maleki I, Mohammadzadeh F, Mashayekh A. Epidemiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Tehran, Iran. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;22(9):1419\u201322.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-304269","volume":"63","author":"HB El-Serag","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Serag HB, Sweet S, Winchester CC, Dent J. Update on the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut. 2014;63(6):871\u201380.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02089.x","volume":"103","author":"P Sharma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharma P, Wani S, Romero Y, Johnson D, Hamilton F. Racial and geographic issues in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(11):2669.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1417_CR51","first-page":"S10","volume":"3","author":"M Fazel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fazel M, Keshteli AH, Jahangiri P, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Adibi P. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran: SEPAHAN systematic review No. 2. Int J Prev Med. 2012;3(Suppl 1):S10.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR52","first-page":"5","volume":"4","author":"A Delavari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Delavari A, Moradi G, Birjandi F, Elahi E, Saberifiroozi M. The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in the Islamic Republic of Iran: a systematic review. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2012;4(1):5.","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.2002.01351.x","volume":"16","author":"S Spechler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spechler S, Jain S, Tendler D, Parker R. Racial differences in the frequency of symptoms and complications of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002;16(10):1795\u2013800.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1417_CR54","unstructured":"Mirzazadeh A, Sadeghirad B, Haghdoost A, Bahreini F, Kermani MR. The prevalence of obesity in Iran in recent decade; a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Iran J Public Health. 2009;38(3):1\u201311."},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200405000-00010","volume":"16","author":"MS Rosaida","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosaida MS, Goh K-L. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, reflux oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease in a multiracial Asian population: a prospective, endoscopy based study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;16(5):495\u2013501.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0316","volume":"2","author":"GA Thomas","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thomas GA, Rhodes J, Ingram JR. Mechanisms of disease: nicotine\u2014a review of its actions in the context of gastrointestinal disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;2(11):536.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1080\/00365529850171792","volume":"33","author":"N Trudgill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Trudgill N, Smith L, Kershaw J, Riley S. Impact of smoking cessation on salivary function in healthy volunteers. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(6):568\u201371.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1694-y","volume":"56","author":"S Ayazi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ayazi S, DeMeester SR, Hsieh C-C, Zehetner J, Sharma G, Grant KS, et al. Thoraco-abdominal pressure gradients during the phases of respiration contribute to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(6):1718\u201322.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1417_CR59","first-page":"140","volume":"5","author":"M Moosazadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moosazadeh M, Ziaaddini H, Mirzazadeh A, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, Haghdoost AA. Meta-analysis of smoking prevalence in Iran. Addict Health. 2013;5(3\u20134):140.","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32834f6baa","volume":"24","author":"S Nusrat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nusrat S, Nusrat S, Bielefeldt K. Reflux and sex: what drives testing, what drives treatment? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;24(3):233\u201347.","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi325","volume":"162","author":"M Cook","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cook M, Wild C, Forman D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the sex ratio for Barrett's esophagus, erosive reflux disease, and nonerosive reflux disease. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(11):1050\u201361.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2011.06686.x","volume":"26","author":"JH Cho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cho JH, Kim HM, Ko GJ, Woo ML, Moon CM, Kim YJ, et al. Old age and male sex are associated with increased risk of asymptomatic erosive esophagitis: analysis of data from local health examinations by the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26(6):1034\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.109413","volume":"56","author":"DA Corley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corley DA, Kubo A, Zhao W. Abdominal obesity, ethnicity and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms. Gut. 2007;56(6):756\u201362.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0742-3","volume":"54","author":"A Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang A, Mattek NC, Holub JL, Lieberman DA, Eisen GM. Prevalence of complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett\u2019s esophagus among racial groups in a multi-center consortium. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(5):964\u201371.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.33.6.1148","volume":"33","author":"M Azami","year":"2018","unstructured":"Azami M, Moslemirad M, YektaKooshali MH, Rahmati S, Soleymani A, Shamloo MBB, et al. Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Violence Vict. 2018;33(6):1148\u201375.","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.051821","volume":"54","author":"J Dent","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dent J, El-Serag H, Wallander MA, Johansson S. Epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Gut. 2005;54(5):710\u20137.","journal-title":"Gut."},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR67","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"K Sayehmiri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sayehmiri K, Azami M, Nikpey S, Borji M, Sayehmiri F. Hepatitis B Vaccination Coverage in Health Personnel of Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study. Irje. 2015;11(3):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Irje"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T15:21:22Z","timestamp":1723562482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01417-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-17087\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"There is not conflict of interest between the authors of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"297"}}