{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:24:57Z","timestamp":1762431897794,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai young doctor training program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hepatolithiasis often leads to atrophy\u2013hypertrophy complex due to bile duct obstruction, inflammation or infection in the affected liver segments and compensatory response in the normal segments. In severe bilateral diffuse cases, main liver can all be atrophic, leaving the caudate lobe to be extremely hypertrophic. Subtotal (segment II\u2013VIII) hepatectomy can be an option in selected patients under such circumstances. Since rare cases have been reported, our study aims to highlight the preoperative evaluation and key points of this procedure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two patients with primary and secondary bilateral diffuse hepatolithiasis, respectively, were enrolled in this case series. The atrophy of the left and right liver with an exceeding hypertrophy of the caudate lobe were observed. Since the liver anatomy had completely been changed, contrast computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging combined with 3D liver reconstruction were employed for comprehensive evaluation and pre-operational planning. The patients underwent standard subtotal (segment II\u2013VIII) hepatectomy. During operation, the hepatoduodenal ligament around porta hepatis was dissected firstly to expose the hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct and their branches successively. And then the vessels and bile duct to caudate lobe were preserved safely through cutting off the left and right hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct at a safe point distal to the origin of the branches to caudate lobe. Operation time was 300\u00a0min and 360\u00a0min, respectively. Blood loss was 200\u00a0ml and 300\u00a0ml. No evidence of liver dysfunction, hepatolithiasis relapse or cholangitis was observed during the follow-up of 12 and 26\u00a0months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Subtotal (segment II\u2013VIII) hepatectomy may be one of several treatments possible in selected patients with compensatory caudate lobe hypertrophy caused by bilateral diffuse hepatolithiasis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]],"date-time":"2020-10-20T13:02:56Z","timestamp":1603198976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Subtotal (segment II\u2013VIII) hepatectomy for bilateral diffuse hepatolithiasis with compensatory caudate lobe hypertrophy: a report of two cases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2513-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZiJie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-8845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.2741\/1091","volume":"8","author":"J Shoda","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shoda J, Tanaka N, Osuga T. Hepatolithiasis\u2013epidemiology and pathogenesis update. Front Biosci. 2003;8:e398\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2741\/1091.","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"1503_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/81023","volume":"65","author":"CA Cosenza","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cosenza CA, Durazo F, Stain SC, Jabbour N, Selby RR. Current management of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Am Surg. 1999;65:939\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/81023.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"1503_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-3207(02)00031-5","volume":"11","author":"DM Black","year":"2002","unstructured":"Black DM, Behrns KE. A scientist revisits the atrophy-hypertrophy complex: hepatic apoptosis and regeneration. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2002;11:849\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1055-3207(02)00031-5.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"1503_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0398-2","volume":"12","author":"W Al-Sukhni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Sukhni W, Gallinger S, Pratzer A, Wei A, Ho CS, Kortan P, Taylor BR, Grant DR, McGilvray I, Cattral MS, Langer B, Greig PD. Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis with hepatolithiasis\u2014the role of surgical therapy in North America. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-007-0398-2.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"1503_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8888","volume":"99","author":"J Dong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dong J, Lau WY, Lu W, Zhang W, Wang J, Ji W. Caudate lobe-sparing subtotal hepatectomy for primary hepatolithiasis. Br J Surg. 2012;99:1423\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.8888.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1503_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.05.003","volume":"5","author":"L Aijun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aijun L, Jiamei Y, Qinhe T, Mengchao W. Caudate lobe as the sole remnant liver following extended liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2014;5:462\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.05.003.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"1503_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W153","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2181","volume":"189","author":"XP Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou XP, Lu T, Wei YG, Chen XZ. Liver volume variation in patients with virus-induced cirrhosis: findings on MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;189:W153\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.07.2181.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1503_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.2957\/kanzo.26.1193","volume":"26","author":"M Kumon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kumon M. Anatomy of the caudate lobe with special reference to portal vein and bile duct. Acta Hepatol Jpn. 1985;26(11):1193\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Hepatol Jpn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1503_CR9","first-page":"72","volume":"179","author":"T Takayama","year":"1994","unstructured":"Takayama T, Tanaka T, Higaki T, et al. High dorsal resection of the liver. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;179(1):72\u20135 ([PMID: 8019729]).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1503_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00534-011-0450-1","volume":"19","author":"Y Midorikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Midorikawa Y, Takayama T. Caudate lobectomy (segmentectomy 1) (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2012;19(1):48\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00534-011-0450-1.","journal-title":"J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1503_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815efd8d","volume":"247","author":"K Kogure","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kogure K, Kuwano H, Yorifuji H, et al. The caudate processus hepatic vein: a boundary hepatic vein between the caudate lobe and the right liver. Ann Surg. 2008;247(2):288\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31815efd8d.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1503_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-3819-5","volume":"22","author":"H Maki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maki H, Sakamoto Y, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Anatomical boundary between the caudate lobe of the liver and adjacent segments based on three-dimensional analysis for precise resections. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018;22(10):1709\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11605-018-3819-5.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:18:52Z","timestamp":1634689132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-020-01503-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-230X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consents for publication from patient 2 and the next to kin for patient were obtained.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"350"}}