{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:51:36Z","timestamp":1740135096128,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A wide variation of causes can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in children- an infection with parasites is one of them. The expansion of international travel might lead to an increase in testing children for a correspondent infection. Currently there are no guidelines available, which patients should be tested for a possible parasitical infection.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>The aim of the study was to characterize Swiss children suffering from intestinal parasites, in order to provide more knowledge for the clinician who should be tested.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of Swiss pediatric patients, whose stools have been tested for parasites and helminths.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 1855 stool samples, belonging to 572 different children with an average age of 7.9\u00a0years, were tested within a 10-year period. The prevalence of a positive result was 4.2%, of which all were positive for <jats:italic>Blastocystis<\/jats:italic>, and 12.5% had a co-infection with <jats:italic>Endolimax nana<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Immigrants, immune compromised children with diarrhea and pediatric patients with bloody or protracted diarrhea should have 2 different stool specimens examined for a possible parasitical infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T12:18:32Z","timestamp":1611663512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Parasitic infections in Swiss children: Are we overtesting?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6972-542X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"L\u00e9geret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"R\u00fcttimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Fankhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1619_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.063","volume":"156","author":"AF Peery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Peery AF, Sandler RS. Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic diseases in the United States: update 2018. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:254-272.e111.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1619_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections."},{"key":"1619_CR3","volume-title":"Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hotez PJ, Bundy DAP, Beegle K, et al. Helminth infections: soil-transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis. New York: Oxford University Press; 2006."},{"issue":"8","key":"1619_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36-8-341","volume":"36","author":"JE Weatherhead","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weatherhead JE, Hotez PJ. Worm infections in children. Pediatr Rev. 2015;36(8):341\u201352.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"1619_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3884-8","volume":"19","author":"HS Mekonnen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mekonnen HS, Ekubagewargies DT. Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasites among under-five children attending Woreta Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:256.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1619_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05038-11","volume":"25","author":"SM Fletcher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fletcher SM, Stark D, Harkness J, Ellis J. Enteric protozoa in the developed world: a public health perspective. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(3):420\u201349.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1619_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0005","volume":"84","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, Christiansen DB, Olsen KE, Nielsen HV. Blastocystis sp. subtype 4 is common in Danish Blastocystis-positive patients presenting with acute diarrhea. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84:883\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1619_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-389","volume":"13","author":"A Bart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bart A, Wentink-Bonnema EMS, Gilis H, Verhaar N, Wassenaar CJA, van Vugt M, Goorhuis A, van Gool T. Diagnosis and subtype analysis of Blastocystis sp. in 442 patients in a hospital setting in the Netherlands. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:389.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1619_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.07.020","volume":"22","author":"JD Ramirez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramirez JD, Sanchez LV, Bautista DC, Corredor AF, Florez AC, Stensvold CR. Blastocystis subtypes detected in humans and animals from Colombia. Infect Genet Evol. 2014;22:223\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"1619_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2008.09.010","volume":"25","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Molbak K, Smith HV. Pursuing the clinical significance of Blastocystis-diagnostic limitations. Trends Parasitol. 2009;25:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1619_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0143974","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143974","volume":"10","author":"JA Yason","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yason JA, Tan KS. Seeing the whole elephant: imaging flow cytometry reveals extensive morphological diversity within Blastocystis isolates. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(11):e0143974.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1619_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1637-8","volume":"9","author":"J Forsell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forsell J, et al. High occurrence of Blastocystis sp. subtypes 1\u20133 and Giardia intestinalis assemblage B among patients in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Parasites Vectors. 2016;9(1):370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-016-1637-8.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"1619_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.175077","volume":"6","author":"CS Poulsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poulsen CS, Stensvold CR. Systematic review on Endolimax nana: a less well studied intestinal ameba. Trop Parasitol. 2016;6(1):8\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2229-5070.175077.","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"1619_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.062","volume":"130","author":"RE Clouse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Clouse RE, Naliboff BD. Functional abdominal pain syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2006;130:1492\u20137.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1619_CR15","first-page":"193","volume":"11","author":"IJ Koppen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koppen IJ, Benninga MA. The pediatric Rome IV criteria: what\u2019s new? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;11(3):193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1619_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31823a29a7","volume":"54","author":"K Heyland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heyland K, Friedt M, Buehr P, Braegger Ch. No Advantage for Antibiotic treatment over Placebo in Blastocystis hominis-positive Children with recurrent abdominal pain. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;54(5):677\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31823a29a7.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"1619_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2014.11.039","volume":"166","author":"MA van Tilburg","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Tilburg MA, Kim SM, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. J Pediatr. 2015;166:684\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1619_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2017.20.1.1","volume":"20","author":"J Zeevenhooven","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeevenhooven J, Benninga M. The new Rome IV criteria for functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants and toddlers. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2017;20(1):1\u201313.","journal-title":"Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr"},{"key":"1619_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7484-8","volume":"19","author":"AN Tombang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tombang AN, Ambe NF, Bobga TP, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with cryptosporidiosis among children within the ages 0\u20135 years attending the Limbe regional hospital, southwest region, Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2019;19:1144.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1619_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1094-9","volume":"30","author":"M Lorrot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lorrot M, Bon F, El Hajje MJ, et al. Epidemiology and clinical features of gastroenteritis in hospitalised children: prospective survey during a 2-year period in a Parisian hospital, France. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;30:361\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1619_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000375","volume":"59","author":"A Guarino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guarino A, Szajewska H. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases; evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe: update. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;59:132\u201352.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"12","key":"1619_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30392-3","volume":"5","author":"KD Tickell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tickell KD, Pavlinac P. Identification and management of Shigella infection in children with diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1235\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"1619_CR23","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.statpearls.com\/kb\/viewarticle\/38205."},{"issue":"6","key":"1619_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0176990","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176990","volume":"12","author":"Y Aoki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aoki Y, Kitazawa K, Kobayashi H, Senda M, Arahata Y, Homma R, et al. Clinical features of children with nontyphoidal Salmonella bacteremia: a single institution survey in rural Japan. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(6):e0176990.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1619_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4601420","author":"M Kantor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kantor M, Abrantes A, Estevez A, et al. Entamoeba histolytica: updates in clinical manifestation, pathogenesis, and vaccine development. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/4601420.","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1619_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-019-0963-7","volume":"19","author":"B Perler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perler B, Ungaro R, Baird G, et al. Presenting symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease: descriptive analysis of a community-based inception cohort. BMC Gastroenterol. 2019;19:47.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1619_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1159\/000489486","volume":"12","author":"J Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah J, Shahidullah A. Ascaris lumbricoides: a startling discovery during screening colonoscopy. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2018;12(2):224\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489486.","journal-title":"Case Rep Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1619_CR28","unstructured":"Prakash V., Bhimji SS. Amebic Liver. StatPearls Publishing. 2017, https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK430832\/."},{"key":"1619_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00203.x","volume":"15","author":"Z Greenwood","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenwood Z, Weld L, et al. Gastrointestinal infection among international travelers globally. J Travel Med. 2008;15:221\u20138.","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"1619_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2009.05.008","volume":"59","author":"A Swaminathan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Swaminathan A, Schlagenhauf P, et al. A global study of pathogens and host risk factors associated with infectious gastrointestinal disease in returned international travelers. J Infect. 2009;59:19\u201327.","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]],"date-time":"2021-01-26T12:19:51Z","timestamp":1611663591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01619-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-230X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the local ethical committee (Ethics committee of Northwest Switzerland, EKNZ, trial number 2018-02219) to be published without individual patient\u2019s consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"39"}}